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NUR 612 Advanced Pathophysiology > Module 1 Unit 1 - Thermoregulation > Flashcards

Module 1 Unit 1 - Thermoregulation Flashcards

1
Q

Intermittent Fever

A

Temp returns to normal range at least once per 24hr. EX: nocturnal fevers

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2
Q

Remittent Fever

A

Temp does not return to normal range and varies by a few degrees in either direction. May look intermittent but the fever doesn’t break.

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3
Q

Sustained/continuous Fever

A

Temperature remains elevated with few variations

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4
Q

Recurrent or Relapsing Fever

A

One or more episodes of fever as long as several days with one or more days of normal temps between episodes.

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5
Q

Normal Temp range in Celcius

A

36-37.5

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6
Q

Normal Temp range in Farenheit

A

97-99.5

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7
Q

4 stages of fever

A

Prodrome
Chill
Flush
Defervescence

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8
Q

Prodrome

A

Mild headache, fatigue, malaise, fleeting pains

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9
Q

Chill

A

uncomfortable sensation, shaking, rigors, vasoconstriction.

New Hypothalamus set point. Temp Rising.

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10
Q

Flush

A

Cutaneous vasodilation

skin warm and flushed

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11
Q

Defervescence

A

Initiation of sweating

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12
Q

Diagnostic Criteria for Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO)

A

Temp > 38.3C (101F) for 3 weeks or longer.

At least one week of diagnostic testing that does not identify a cause.

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13
Q

Common Causes of FUO’s

A 
Malignancies
HIV, TB, Abscesses
Drug Fevers
Cirrhosis
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma IN ELDERLY PT's
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14
Q

What must be considered as cause for fever in infants 1-28 days old?

A

Bacteremia or Meningitis
S/S:
Lethargy, poor feeding, hypoventilation, Poor tissue oxygenation, cyanosis

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15
Q

What constitutes a significant fever in infants < 3 Months

A

100.4

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16
Q

What should be considered as possible cause for fever before 1 year? (2yr for girls)

A

UTI

17
Q

Why are fevers difficult to detect in some elderly pt’s?

A

May not reach the usual febrile temp range due to lower baseline temp.

18
Q

How can you detect fevers in elderly pt’s with lower baseline temps

A

Look at trends and look for the other S/S’s
Unexplained changes in functional ability
Worsening mental state
weakness/fatigue
weight loss

19
Q

Common cause of heat cramps

A

Fluid replacement with only water (electrolyte loss)

20
Q

Heat exhaustion cause

A

gradual loss of salt and water after prolonged exertion in heat

21
Q

Heat exhaustion S/S

A 
Thirst 
Fatigue
Nausea
Oliguria
Giddiness
Delirium
Hyperventilation
Tachycardia
Moist skin
Elevated Temp
22
Q

Heat Stroke S/S

A 
Tachycardia
Hyperventilation
Dizziness
Weakness
Emotional Lability
N/V
AMS/Delirium
Convulsions
Collapse
Skin hot and dry - no sweating
23
Q

Heat Stroke vs heat exhaustion S/S

A

Stroke includes convulsions, collapsing and HOT DRY SKIN not moist skin

24
Q

Malignant Hyperthermia is genetic. How is it inherited?

A

Autosomal Dominant

25
Q

2 theories on cause of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

A
  1. Alteration in function of hypothalamic thermoregulatory center caused by neuroleptic drugs that block dopamine receptors in the hypothalamus and basal ganglia
  2. Spectrum of genetic defects responsible for calcium regulation cause reaction with neuroleptic drugs since they often increase skeletal muscle contractions
26
Q

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome S/S

A 
Explosive Onset
Muscle rigidity
Altered Consciousness
Autonomic NS dysfunction
HYPERTHERMIA
27
Q

When can a low grade fever indicate sever infection?

A

High risk infants and elderly pt’s

28
Q

First Sign of Hypothermia

A

Lack of coordination, stumbling

29
Q

S/S of hypothermia

A 
Slurred speech
irrationality/impaired judgement
Amnesia
hallucinations
Blue Puffy Skin
DILATION OF PUPILS
Decreased RR
Weak Irregular pulse
30
Q

What happens to cardiac rhythm in hypothermia

A

A-fib or V-fib.

31
Q

Passive Rewarming

A

moving to a warmer environment than current body temp

32
Q

Active Total Rewarming

A

Warm liquids PO, Warm Blanket

33
Q

Active Core Rewarming

A

Tube placed into stomach or bladder (severe cases) and warm liquid is given

NUR 612 Advanced Pathophysiology (21 decks)

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