Module 1 Unit 1 - Activity Tolerance and Fatigue Flashcards
Fatigue
perceived lack of sufficient energy for full engagement in physical activity
Aerobic/Endurance exercise
Change in muscle length
DOES NOT BUILD MUSCLE MASS
Increases cardiac and respiratory efficiency.
Can do more work with less Cardiac/Resp. effort.
Isometric/Resistance Exercise
Muscles contract against immovable force. No length change.
BUILDS MUSCLE MASS
Effects of exercise on LDL’s
Lowers them. LDL bad.
Effects of exercise on HDL’s
Increases them. HDL good.
Cardiac output change during exercise
4-8 L/min > 15-20 L/min
How do active skeletal muscles use local control to direct more blood flow to themselves?
release of lactic acid produced in anaerobic cell respiration causes local vasodilation which increases blood/O2 supply to that muscle.
BP changes during exercise
Systolic can increase significantly, diastolic less so
Aerobic Exercise induces vasoconstriction via the sympathetic NS. What parts of the body do not experience this?
The Brain, Coronary vessels, the active skeletal muscles.
During isometric activity, what is the increase in HR and Cardiac output proportional to?
The activity of medium muscles
CV effects of isometric exercise
Increased blood flow, vasodilation, inhibition of platelet activation, increased fibrinolysis
What controls the Respiratory Resonse to exercise?
Chemoreceptors in the brain stem, aorta, and carotid arteries monitoring pH and CO2
Type 1 Fibers
Red (dark) Fibers. Slow Twitch. Perform low intensity, high endurance tasks
Type 2 Fibers
White (light) Fibers. Fast Twitch. High intensity quick fatigue. high glycolytic activity. less mitochondria and myoglobin. Heavier reliance on anaerobic respiration
GI benefits of regular exercise
increased gastric emptying Lower risk of: Colon cancer Diverticulitis GI hemorrhage IBD
Benefit of regular strenuous exercise
slows coagulation
benefit of regular moderate exercise
stimulates immune system, increased circulating WBC’s
reduces anxiety and increases self esteem
Consequence of chronic strenuous exercise
May depress innate immune defenses
elite athletes more susceptible to upper respiratory infections (URI’s)
Effects of exercise on Maximal Oxygen Intake (VO2 Max)
Can be improved but not exceeded.
Acute Fatigue
< 4 weeks
May be a protective mechanism for the body.
Associated with bacterial/viral infections
May need assistive devices temporarily
Fatigue disproportional to activity performed
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Present for 50% of day or lasting 1-6 months or longer.
NOT PROTECTIVE
Causes of ME/CFS
Hypothyroidism, Anemia, Heard disease, lyme disease, fibromyalgia, lung disease, TB, Cance, etc.
Psychosocial issues with ME/CFS
Interferes with employment and ADL’s
Depression
Generally poor QoL
Diagnostic Criteria for ME/CFS
Must have at least 4 of the following: Impaired memory or concentration Sore Throat Tender Cervical or Axillary lymph nodes Muscle Pain Multijoint pain w/o swelling or redness Headaches Non-refreshing sleep Post exertional malaise lasting > 24hrs
See notes app for more accurate version
Virchow’s Triad
Venous Stasis
Hypercoagulability
Vessel Injury
First 3 days of bedrest
increased diuresis
Days 4-7 of bedrest
Hypercoagulability (fluid loss > concentrated clotting factors)
decreased cardiac output
decreased metabolic rate
Days 8-14 of bedrest
Decreased Red Cell mass
Decreased White Cell function
15 days of bedrest
Osteoporosis and Hypercalciuria
REVIEW SYSTEMIC RESPONSES TO BEDREST BEFORE EXAM
REVIEW SYSTEMIC RESPONSES TO BEDREST BEFORE EXAM
