Module 1 Unit 2 - Neoplasia

Question 1

How do cyclins control entry and progression of cell cycle

Answer 1

bind to Cyclin dependent kinases (CDK’s) which phosphorylate target proteins to allow porgression

Question 2

G1S checkpoint

Answer 2

CDK 2 phosphorylates Cyclin E

Question 3

G2M checkpoint

Answer 3

CDK1 phosphorylates Cyclin B

Question 4

Tumor Suppressor genes

Answer 4

TP53 - initiates apoptosis

Retinoblastoma gene - prevents cell division

Question 5

Direct reacting carcinogens

Answer 5

do not require activation by the body to become carcinogenic

Question 6

Indirect reacting carinogens

Answer 6

procarcinogens or initiators

Active after metabolic conversion

Question 7

Onco-fetal proteins

Answer 7

Early life proteins that if seen later in life indicate a tumor

Question 8

common tumor marker

Answer 8

CA125

Question 9

Papanicolaou test

Answer 9

microscopic examination of a prepared slide

Question 10

Immunohistochemistry

Answer 10

antibody staining of tissue slides

Question 11

Microarray

Answer 11

uses “gene chips” to perform miniature assays

Question 12

Tx

Answer 12

primary tumor cannot be assessed

Question 13

T0

Answer 13

no primary tumor detected

Question 14

T1-4

Answer 14

stages of tumor

Question 15

M0

Answer 15

no metastasis

Question 16

M1

Answer 16

Distant Metastasis

Question 17

N0

Answer 17

No lymph node metastasis