Module 1 Unit 1 - Health and Disease

Question 1

WHO (1948) Definition of health:

Answer 1

Complete state of mental, physical, and social well being

Question 2

World Health Assembly (1977) definition of health

Answer 2

All citizens of the world reach level of health by year 2000 so that they can live a socially and economically productive life.

Question 3

Health People (2020) definition of health

Answer 3

Health is an interaction between:
Individual biology
Behavior
Physical and Social environments
Govt. Policies/interventions
Access to quality healthcare

Question 4

Health determinants as defined by healthy people 2020

Answer 4

Be free from preventable diseases, disabilities, and premature deaths.
Achieve health equity and eliminate disparities
Promote good health for all
promote healthy behaviors across the life span.

Question 5

Signs

Answer 5

objective manifestations made by the observer. (temp, edema, blown pupil, etc)

Question 6

Symptoms

Answer 6

Subjective complaints noted by patient.

headache, SoB, dizziness, etc

Question 7

Syndrome

Answer 7

A compilation of signs/symptoms

Question 8

Complication

Answer 8

Adverse extension of disease or outcome CAUSED BY TREATMENT

Question 9

Sequelae

Answer 9

Lesions or impairments caused by or following the disease.

Question 10

What is the purpose of lab tests?

Answer 10

To CONFIRM suspected diagnosis. Not to MAKE diagnosis.

Question 11

Lab Definition - reliable

Answer 11

multiple tests give the same result.

Question 12

Lab Definition - Valid

Answer 12

Test measures what it is intended to measure

Question 13

Lab Definition - Specificity

Answer 13

Proportion of people WITHOUT the disease who test negative. (True negative)

Question 14

Lab Definition - Sensitivity

Answer 14

Proportion of people WITH the disease who test positive. (True positive)

Question 15

Preclinical

Answer 15

Not clinically evident but WILL progress to disease. (Hep B)

Question 16

Subclinical

Answer 16

Not clinically evident and not destined to progress to clinical disease

Question 17

Clinical Disease

Answer 17

Manifested by signs and symptoms.

Question 18

Incidence

Answer 18

Number of new cases of a particular illness during a SPECIFIED TIME for a POPULATION AT RISK

Question 19

Incidence calculation

Answer 19

New Cases/At risk population during time frame

Question 20

Prevalence

Answer 20

Existing and new cases in a population at a given time. (NOT AN ESTIMATE OF RISK)

Question 21

Prevalence Calculation

Answer 21

New + Existing cases/population at risk during time frame

Question 22

Morbidity

Answer 22

effects an illness has on one's life. Concerned with 
Occurrence
incidence 
Persistence
Long term consequences

Question 23

Cross-sectional studies

Answer 23

No intervention. Used to determine prevalence.

Question 24

Primordial Prevention

Answer 24

Alter societal structures and underlying determinants

Question 25

Primary Prevention

Answer 25

Remove risk factors so disease does not occur

Question 26

Secondary Prevention

Answer 26

Early detection/screening

Question 27

Tertiary Prevention

Answer 27

Prevent further deterioration and reduce complications

Question 28

What is Evidence-based Practice based on?

Answer 28

integration of individual clinical expertise with best external clinical evidence