Module 1 Unit 1 - Health and Disease Flashcards
WHO (1948) Definition of health:
Complete state of mental, physical, and social well being
World Health Assembly (1977) definition of health
All citizens of the world reach level of health by year 2000 so that they can live a socially and economically productive life.
Health People (2020) definition of health
Health is an interaction between: Individual biology Behavior Physical and Social environments Govt. Policies/interventions Access to quality healthcare
Health determinants as defined by healthy people 2020
Be free from preventable diseases, disabilities, and premature deaths.
Achieve health equity and eliminate disparities
Promote good health for all
promote healthy behaviors across the life span.
Signs
objective manifestations made by the observer. (temp, edema, blown pupil, etc)
Symptoms
Subjective complaints noted by patient.
headache, SoB, dizziness, etc
Syndrome
A compilation of signs/symptoms
Complication
Adverse extension of disease or outcome CAUSED BY TREATMENT
Sequelae
Lesions or impairments caused by or following the disease.
What is the purpose of lab tests?
To CONFIRM suspected diagnosis. Not to MAKE diagnosis.
Lab Definition - reliable
multiple tests give the same result.
Lab Definition - Valid
Test measures what it is intended to measure
Lab Definition - Specificity
Proportion of people WITHOUT the disease who test negative. (True negative)
Lab Definition - Sensitivity
Proportion of people WITH the disease who test positive. (True positive)
Preclinical
Not clinically evident but WILL progress to disease. (Hep B)
Subclinical
Not clinically evident and not destined to progress to clinical disease
Clinical Disease
Manifested by signs and symptoms.
Incidence
Number of new cases of a particular illness during a SPECIFIED TIME for a POPULATION AT RISK
Incidence calculation
New Cases/At risk population during time frame
Prevalence
Existing and new cases in a population at a given time. (NOT AN ESTIMATE OF RISK)
Prevalence Calculation
New + Existing cases/population at risk during time frame
Morbidity
effects an illness has on one's life. Concerned with Occurrence incidence Persistence Long term consequences
Cross-sectional studies
No intervention. Used to determine prevalence.
Primordial Prevention
Alter societal structures and underlying determinants
Primary Prevention
Remove risk factors so disease does not occur
Secondary Prevention
Early detection/screening
Tertiary Prevention
Prevent further deterioration and reduce complications
What is Evidence-based Practice based on?
integration of individual clinical expertise with best external clinical evidence
