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Human Biology > Module 1 - Topic 3-4: Types Of Tissues And Basic Anatomical Terminology > Flashcards

Module 1 - Topic 3-4: Types Of Tissues And Basic Anatomical Terminology Flashcards

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1
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs and form glands

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2
Q

Epithelial tissue function

A

A barrier
Absorption
Secretion

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3
Q

Connective tissue

A

Protects and supports the body
Bonds organs together
Stores energy reserves
Provides immunity

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4
Q

Connective tissue function

A

Organise and maintain body structure
Transport gases
Defence

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5
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Generates physical force for movement

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6
Q

Muscle tissue - functions

A

Movement

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7
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Detects changes in conditions

Responds by initiating and transmitting nerve impulses

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8
Q

Nervous tissue - functions

A

Sensory and motor impulse conduction
Interpretation of external and internal environment
Controls and coordinates body activities

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9
Q

Tissue development

A

From 3 primary gem layers

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10
Q

Primary germ layers

A

Ectoderm
Endoderm
Mesoderm

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11
Q

Simple epithelium

A

Single layer of cells

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12
Q

Stratified epithelium

A

Two or more layers of cells

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13
Q

Pseudostratified epithelium

A

Single layer that appears stratified

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14
Q

Squamous cells

A

Flattened

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15
Q

Cuboidal cells

A

Cube shaped or hexagons

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16
Q

Columnar cells

A

Tall and cylinders

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17
Q

Transitional cells

A

Able to undergo changes in shape cause by distension

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18
Q

Simple squamous epithelium

A

Located in areas of little wear and tear and adapted for diffusion and filtration, eg, inner lining of heart chambers

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19
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Adapted for secretion and absorption eg, kidney tubules and small ducts

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20
Q

Simple columnar epithelium

A

Some areas have cilia to move material past cells (upper respiratory passages)
Some have microvilli to increase surface area and efficiency of absorption (small intestine)

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21
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium

A

Provides protection to areas of much wear and tear eg, outer layer of skin

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22
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

Provides protection eg, ducts of sweat glands

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23
Q

Stratified columnar epithelium

A

Functions in protection and secretion eg large ducts of some glands

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24
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

Contains cells that undergo changes in shape and locate sin areas of stretching eg, urinary bladder

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25
Q

Pseudo stratified columnar epithelium

A

Functions in secretion or movement of materials by ciliary action eg, Fallopian tubes

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26
Q

Glandular epithelium

A

Specialised cells organised to form glands that secrete substances either into ducts, onto surfaces or directly into blood

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27
Q

Anatomical position

A

A standard position that ensures directional terms are clear

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28
Q

Anatomical position - position

A

Body is erect
Feet flat on floor
Upper limbs at side
Palms facing forward

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29
Q

Prone position

A

Body is lying face down

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30
Q

Supine position

A

Body is lying face up

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31
Q

Semi prone position

A

Body is lying on it’s side

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32
Q

Regional names

A

Terms given to specific regions of body

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33
Q

Regional names - types

A

Head - cephalic
Neck - cervical
Trunk - shoulders to gentials, except limbs
Upper limbs - shoulders to gentials (arms)
Lower limbs - gentials to heel

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34
Q

Body planes

A

Imaginary flat surface that passes through the body

35
Q

Body section

A

Flat surface of the body studied after the body has been cut along the specific plane

36
Q

Directional terms

A

Used to accurately locate one body structure relative to another body structure

37
Q

Superior

A

Top halve of body

38
Q

Inferior

A

Lower half of body

39
Q

Lateral

A

Left or right side of body

40
Q

Medial

A

Middle of body

41
Q

Proximal

A

Top of arm

42
Q

Distal

A

Bottom of arm

43
Q

Anterior

A

Front of body

44
Q

Posterior

A

Back of body

45
Q

Mani body cavities

A

Dorsal and ventral

46
Q

Dorsal cavity

A

Towards the back

- holds cranial and vertebral cavity

47
Q

Cranial cavity

A

Contains brain and coverings

48
Q

Vertebral cavity

A

Contains spinal cord and spinal nerve roots

49
Q

Ventral cavity

A

Towards the front (belly) side

Holds thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic

50
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Separated from abdominal cavity by diaphragm

Subdivided into right and left pleural cavities, pericardial cavity and mediastinum

51
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

Subdivided into abdominal and pelvic cavities

52
Q

Visceral layer

A

Covering organs

53
Q

Parietal layer

A

Lining walls of cavities

54
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity - division

A

Into 9 regions

55
Q

Radiography

A

Use of X-rays
Used for dense structures like bones
Dense structures are white

56
Q

Ct scan

A

Refined version of radiography
Slices through the body to give thin slices
More refined details of soft and dense tissue

57
Q

MRI scans

A

Used to view soft tissues
Depends on water content
Dense tissue- low water content - are not detected

58
Q

Sonography

A

Ultrasounds
High frequency waves used to examine internal organs
Causes echoes

59
Q

Positron emission tomography

A

Observes metabolic processes

Given injection that shows up in scanner

60
Q

sagital plane

A

straight down middle of body (left and right)

61
Q

parasagital plane

A

to the left or right of sagitial plane

62
Q

coronal plane

A

straight through middle of body (front and back)

63
Q

transverse plane

A

divides body top and bottom

64
Q

Appendicular

A

everything off the trunk of the body (legs,arms)

65
Q

axial

A

the trunk of the body

66
Q

cephalic

A

head

67
Q

Cervical

A

neck

68
Q

Mental

A

chin

69
Q

Oral

A

mouth

70
Q

otic

A

ear

71
Q

orbital

A

around eye

72
Q

Axillary

A

armpit

73
Q

Sternal

A

Breastbone

74
Q

Brachial

A

upper arm

75
Q

Acromial

A

Shoulder

76
Q

Trunk

A

chest

77
Q

Umbilical

A

navel

78
Q

Lumbar

A

lower back

79
Q

Inguinal

A

groin

80
Q

Gluteal

A

buttock

81
Q

Femoral

A

thigh

82
Q

popliteal

A

back of knee

83
Q

Patellar

A

knee cap

84
Q

Crucal

A

lower leg

Human Biology (14 decks)

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