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PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY > MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY > Flashcards

MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main branches of Biology?

A
  1. Botany
  2. Zoology
  3. Microbiology
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2
Q

It is the study of Plants

A

BOTANY

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3
Q

It is a study of Animals

A

ZOOLOGY

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4
Q

It is the study of microorganisms

A

MICROBIOLOGY

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5
Q

What are the branches of Botany?

A
  • Mycology
  • Paleobotany
  • Horticulture
  • Bryology
  • Ethnobotany
  • Agronomy
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6
Q

What are the branches of Zoology?

A
  • Entomology
  • Ichthyology
  • Ornithology
  • Herpetology
  • Anatomy
  • Physiology
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7
Q

What are the branches of Microbiology?

A
  • Bacteriology
  • Mycology
  • Protoxoology
  • Phycology
  • Nematology
  • Immunology
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8
Q

Focuses on the systematic and scientific study of plants.

A

BOTANY

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9
Q

Study of Insects

A

ENTOMOLOGY

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10
Q

Study of fish

A

ICHTHYOLOGY

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11
Q

Study of Birds

A

ORNITHOLOGY

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12
Q

Study of Amphibians

A

HERPETOLOGY

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13
Q

Study of Living organisms

A

ANATOMY

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14
Q

Study of the normal functions of living organisms

A

PHYSIOLOGY

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15
Q

Study of diseases

A

PATHOLOGY

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16
Q

Study of Fungi

A

MYCOLOGY

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17
Q

Study of plants fossils

A

PALEOBOTANY

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18
Q

Study of cultivation of plants

A

HORTICULTURE

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19
Q

Study of Mosses and Liverworts

A

BRYOLOGY

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20
Q

Study of Culture and plants/ how people of culture use the plants

A

ETHNOBOTANY

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21
Q

STUDY OF CROPS

A

AGRONOMY

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22
Q

Study of Bacteria

A

BACTERIOLOGY

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23
Q

Study of Protozoa

A

PROTOZOOLOGY

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24
Q

Study of Algae

A

PHYCOLOGY

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25
Q

Study of Worms

A

NEMATOLOGY

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26
Q

Stufy of Immune System

A

IMMUNOLOGY

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27
Q

He discovered accidentally that gases play a role in photosynthesis, by putting a candle in
a glass jar with a plant and in ten days the candle was able to combust. A gas (oxygen) must be released by the plant that supports combustion.

A

JOSEPH PRIESTLEY

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28
Q

Hooke is best known today for his identification of the cellular structure of plants. “Micrographia: or some Physiological Descriptions of Minute Bodies” made by published in 1665.

A

ROBERT HOOKE

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29
Q

Discovered cells in living plant tissue used microscope observation to discover plant tissues.

A

ROBERT HOOKE

30
Q

Considered to be the founders of the study of plant anatomy, for they examined in detail the structure and development of many plants.

A

Marcello Malpighi and Nehemiah Grew

31
Q

Discovered various tissues in stems and roots.

A

MARCELO MALPIGHI

32
Q

Described the structure of wood.

A

NEHEMIAH GREW

33
Q

A Flemish physician and chemist, who was the first to demonstrate that plants do not have the same nutritional needs as animals. Plants absorb water as a result of what we now know as photosynthetic activity.

A

J.B. VAN HELMONT

34
Q

The Swedish botanist, owed for the present system of naming and classifying plants and animals by using generic name (genus) and a specific name (species).

A

CAROLUS LINNAEUS

35
Q

In 1735 he published The System of Nature (Systema Naturae) that organized all plants and animals from the level of kingdoms all the way down to species. In 1753 publication, The Genera of plants and Species Plantarum, marked the initial use of the nomenclature for all flowering plants and ferns.

A

CAROLUS LINNAEUS

36
Q

German scientist, coined the word “ecology”.

A

ERNST HAECKEL

37
Q

US botanist, in 1895 he coined the term “ethnobotany”.

A

JOHN WILLIAM HARSHBERGER

38
Q

A Greek scholar, published 5 volumes of a book entitled “De Materia Medica” in 78 AD, which described more than 600 medicinal plants with their collection, storage and uses. To name few of his contributions; he identified aloe, belladonna, colchicum, ergot, hyoscyamus, and opium.

A

PEDANIUS DIOSCORIDES

39
Q

Graeco-Roman medical doctor who summarized the complex body of Graeco-Roman pharmacy and medicine, and his name survived in the pharmaceutical term ‘galenical’.

A

CLAUDIUS GALEN

40
Q

The earliest treatise of Chinese medicine theory classical sources on Chinese traditional medicine including 365 drugs, most of botanical origin. He is believed to have introduced the technique of acupuncture.

A

SHEN NONG BEN CAO JING

41
Q

The Yellow Emperor - regarded as the founder of Chinese civilization. His Classic of Internal Medicine is important in understanding the basic ideas of traditional Chinese herbal science, acupuncture, moxibustion Yin and Yang, the Five Phases of Evolutive Change, and Meridian theory.

42
Q

German toxicologist first to study psychoactive plants systematically. 1924 appeared his book “Phantastica “ Lewin’s most enduring task was to create a system of classification of psychoactive drugs and plants based on their action.

A

LOUIS LEWIN

43
Q

Referred to as the “father of phytogeography”. He advocated a quantitative approach to phytogeography that has characterized modern plant geography.

A

ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT

44
Q

Performed classic experiments with pea plants.

A

GREGOR JOHANN MENDEL

45
Q

FATHER OF TAXONOMY

A

CAROLUS LINNAEUS

46
Q

Study of plant cell and tissues

A

PLANT ANATOMY

47
Q

The study of plant form and function.

A

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

48
Q

The study that identifies, describes, names and classifies plants.

A

PLANT TAXONOMY

49
Q

The science of developing methods for grouping organisms.

A

PLANT SYSTEMATICS

50
Q

Study of the interaction of plants with one another and with their environment.

A

PLANT ECOLOGY

51
Q

Study of the geographic distribution of plant species and their influence on the earth’s surface.

A

PLANT GEOGRAPHY

52
Q

The study of heredity

53
Q

Study of genes and their functions, and related techniques

54
Q

The adjustment or changes in behavior,
physiology, and structure of an organism to
become more suited to an environment.

A

ADAPTATION

55
Q

It is derived from Latin word “adaptare ”
which means “to fit”.

A

ADAPTATION

56
Q

Process by which organisms adapt to their
environment OVER TIME, is the genetic
change in a population of organisms from
generation to generation.

57
Q

Characteristics that enable an organism to better survive certain environment.

A

ADAPTATION

58
Q

Derived from Greek pharmakon, ‘remedy’,
and gignosco, ‘knowledge’

A

PHARMACOGNOSY

59
Q

The science of biogenic or nature-derived
pharmaceuticals and poisons.

A

PHARMACOGNOSY

60
Q

Types of drugs derived from plants:

A

▪ Herbal drugs derived from specific parts of a
medicinal plant

▪ Natural products or compounds isolated from nature

▪ Nutraceuticals or ‘functional foods’

61
Q

Nutraceuticals or ‘Functional foods’

A

Garlic, ginger, turmeric and many other herbs and spices

62
Q

Flavonoid-containing plants such as bilberries, cocoa and red wine

A

ANTHOCYANIN

63
Q

Containing plants such as tomatoes, carrots and many other vegetables.

A

CAROTENOID

64
Q

Studies the structure, evolution and development

A

MORPHOLOGY

65
Q

Proposed the theory of Natural selection

A

CHARLES DARWIN

66
Q

Studies the structure and function of important biological molecule (proteins and nucleic acids)

A

PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

67
Q

Study the chemical interactions within plants

A

PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY

68
Q

Studies the structure, function and life processes of plants

A

PLANT CELL BIOLOGY

69
Q

Study of interrelationship among plants and their environment

A

PLANT ECOLOGY

70
Q

Commercial importance

A

ECONOMIC BOTANY

71
Q

DKPCOFGS

A
  1. DOMAIN
  2. KINGDOM
  3. PHYLUM
  4. CLASS
  5. ORDER
  6. FAMILY
  7. GENUS
  8. SPECIES

PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY (15 decks)

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