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PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY > BOTANY LAB: ROOTS > Flashcards

BOTANY LAB: ROOTS Flashcards

1
Q

Axis of a plant body is composed of two parts

A

AERIAL PORTION and SUBTERRANEAN PORTION

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2
Q

AXIS OF A PLANT BODY
- Stem

A

AERIAL PORTION

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3
Q

AXIS OF A PLANT BODY
- Roots

A

SUBTERRANEAN PORTION

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4
Q

Three types of Appendages arising from the axis

A

LEAVES, EMERGENCES, HAIRS

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5
Q

THREE TYPES OF APPENDAGES
- Found to be arranged on the stem in a definite manner and bear an intimate structural elation to the skeleton of the axis.

The leaf is the lateral expansion of the stem

A

LEAVES

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6
Q

THREE TYPES OF APPENDAGES
- Second rank appendages. These are found at the outermost layers of the stem usually present as the cortex and epidermis

A

EMERGENCES

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7
Q

THREE TYPES OF APPENDAGES
- Third rank of appendages are projections of the outermost layer of the cells

A

HAIRS

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8
Q

It occurs both on Axis and Leaves, usually without definite arrangement

A

EMERGENCES and HAIR

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9
Q

The plant body of a vascular plant is composed of three systems of tissues

A

DERMAL, VASCULAR, FUNDAMENTAL or GROUND SYSTEM

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10
Q

These are distinguished by the relative distribution of the vascular and ground tissues

A

STEM, ROOT, LEAF

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11
Q

Found between the epidermis and the center of the axis

A

VASCULAR SYSTEM (stem)

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12
Q

Consists of photosynthetic parenchyma cells known as Mesophyll

A

GROUND TISSUE

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13
Q

Commonly being arranged in the form of ring bundles as seen in transverse section of stem

A

PRIMARY VASCULAR

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14
Q

May be absent in monocot roots

A

PITH

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15
Q

In the root, it generally shed during the secondary

A

CORTEX

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16
Q

The original primary vascular system may be obscured by secondary vascular tissues between the primary xylem and the primary phloem

A

SECONDARY GROWTH

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17
Q

Function:
- Anchorage of the plant in the soil
- Absorption of water and minerals
- Conduction of water and minerals upward to the stem
- Reproduction in the form of plant propagation
- Storage of food

A

ROOTS

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18
Q

TWO MAIN TYPES OF ROOT SYSTEMS

A

FIBROUS ROOT SYSTEM (monocot plants), TAP ROOT SYSTEM (dicot plants)

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19
Q

TWO MAIN TYPES OF ROOT SYSTEMS
- Grows straight down with a few side branches

A

TAP ROOT SYSTEM

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20
Q

TWO MAIN TYPES OF ROOT SYSTEMS
- Grows more shallow ‘hairy’; many fine-branching roots

A

FIBROUS ROOT SYSTEM

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21
Q

4 REGIONS OF TYPICAL ROOT

A

ROOT CAP, MERISTEMATIC REGION (region of cell division), REGION OF ELONGATION, REGION OF MATURATION

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22
Q

4 REGIONS OF TYPICAL ROOT
- Thimble-shaped cell mass that protects the growing root tip by covering the apex of the root.

A

ROOT CAP

23
Q

4 REGIONS OF TYPICAL ROOT
- The location of cell division

A

MERISTEMATIC REGION (region of cell division)

24
Q

4 REGIONS OF TYPICAL ROOT
- Area of root lengthening. The cell produced from the meristematic region grow in the elongation region

A

REGION OF ELONGATION

25
Q

4 REGIONS OF TYPICAL ROOT
- Where the cells that grew in the elongation region fully develop and become adult cells

A

REGION OF MATURATION

26
Q

EXTERNAL STRUCTURE OF ROOT

A

PRIMARY ROOT, SECONDARY ROOT, TERTIARY ROOT

27
Q

EXTERNAL STRUCTURE OF ROOT
- First root of a plant, originating in the embryo

A

PRIMARY ROOT

28
Q

EXTERNAL STRUCTURE OF ROOT
- Produced on the primary root

A

SECONDARY ROOT

29
Q

EXTERNAL STRUCTURE OF ROOT
- Grow in various directions and help in fixing the plant firmly into the soil

A

TERTIARY ROOTS

30
Q

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF ROOT

A

EPIDERMIS, CORTEX, ENDODERMIS, VASCULAR CYLINDER

31
Q

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF ROOT
- The outermost layer that absorbs water and dissolved material from the soil and protects the inner tissue of the root

A

EPIDERMIS

32
Q

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF ROOT
- Found inside the epidermis, which is composed of parenchyma cells with large intercellular spaces, secretory cells, resin ducts, and endodermis

A

CORTEX

33
Q

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF ROOT
- The innermost cell layer that regulates ion movement into the xylem. The Casparian strip embedded in the cell wall inhibits mineral movement through the wall

A

ENDODERMIS

34
Q

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF ROOT
- The innermost layer with the xylem and phloem cells for the conduction of materials, parenchyma cells for food storage and support of the other tissues

A

VASCULAR CYLINDER

35
Q

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF ROOT
Pericycle
- It gives rise to lateral roots, cambium, and the part of the vascular cambium

A

DICOT

36
Q

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF ROOT
Pericycle
- Produces the lateral roots

A

MONOCOT

37
Q

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF ROOT
Xylem & Phloem
- Limited in numbers

A

DICOT

38
Q

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF ROOT
Xylem & Phloem
- Numerous in numbers

A

MONOCOT

39
Q

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF ROOT
Pith
- Absent

A

DICOT

40
Q

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF ROOT
Pith
- Present (large and well developed)

A

MONOCOT

41
Q

Occurs in the dicot root while it is absent in monocot root.

A

SECONDARY GROWTH

42
Q

TYPES OF MODIFIED ROOTS

A

ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS, AERIAL ROOTS, PROP ROOTS, PNEUMATOPHORES, PARASITIC ROOTS, STORAGE ROOTS, BUTTRESS ROOTS

43
Q

TYPES OF MODIFIED ROOTS
- Arise along stem or locations other than base of plant

A

ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS

44
Q

TYPES OF MODIFIED ROOTS
- Roots that extend out unto the air, unconnected to the ground

A

AERIAL ROOTS

45
Q

TYPES OF MODIFIED ROOTS
- Located on the lower part of the stem of some monocots like corn, grow down into ground, anchor against wind

A

PROP ROOTS

46
Q

TYPES OF MODIFIED ROOTS
- Spongy outgrowths from the underwater roots, may extend above water, increase oxygen supply to roots

A

PNEUMATOPHORES

47
Q

TYPES OF MODIFIED ROOTS
- Penetrate host plants to parsitize them

A

PARASITIC ROOTS

48
Q

TYPES OF MODIFIED ROOTS
- Branch roots of plants like sweet potatoes produce extra parenchyma cells for carbohydrate storage

A

STORAGE ROOTS

49
Q

TYPES OF MODIFIED ROOTS
- Produced by certain varieties of fig and tropical trees for support

A

BUTTRESS ROOT

50
Q

TYPES OF MODIFIED ROOTS
- Plants that grow in arid regions are known for growing structures used to retain water and used these water supply when the supply in the soil is inadequate

A

WATER-STORAGE ROOTS

51
Q

TYPES OF MODIFIED ROOTS
- Produces adventitious buds along the roots that grow near the surface of the ground. The buds develop into aerial stems (suckers). The rooted suckers can be separated from the original root and grow individually.

A

PROPAGATIVE ROOTS

52
Q

TYPES OF MODIFIED ROOTS
- Continually pull the plants deeper into the soil as the stem elongates

A

CONTRACTILE ROOTS

53
Q

TYPES OF MODIFIED ROOTS
- A mutualistic association with plant roots

A

MYCORRHIZAE

PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY (15 decks)

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