BOTANY LAB: STEM Flashcards
The aerial part of the plant where leaves and reproductive shoots are attached
STEM
Function:
- Provides mechanical support to the plant
- Exposes the leaves for photosynthesis
- Positions the reproductive shoots for optimal access to pollinators
- Conducts water and minerals from roots to the leaves
STEM
TYPES OF STEM
HERBACEOUS STEMS, WOODY STEMS
TYPES OF STEM
- Thin, soft, and green in color except those that grow underground. Also known as Herbs
HERBACEOUS STEMS
TYPES OF STEM
- Taller, thicker, and harder than herbaceous stems
WOODY STEMS
EXTERNAL PARTS OF STEM
BUD
TERMINAL BUD
BUD SCALES
TERMINAL BUD SCALE SCARS
LATERAL BUDS/AXILLARY BUDS
LEAF SCAR
LENTICEL
NODE
INTERNODE
BUNDLE SCAR
EXTERNAL PARTS OF STEM
- Growing point of the stem
BUD
EXTERNAL PARTS OF STEM
- Single bud located at the apex of the stem
TERMINAL BUD
EXTERNAL PARTS OF STEM
- Protects and covers the bud
BUD SCALES
EXTERNAL PARTS OF STEM
- Marks leaves on the stem from the previous years which serve as external measure of annual growth
TERMINAL BUD SCALE SCARS
EXTERNAL PARTS OF STEM
- Occur in the leaf axils on the side of a stem
LATERAL BUDS/ AXILLARY BUDS
EXTERNAL PARTS OF STEM
- Mark that leaves on the stem after the leaf falls down
LEAF SCAR
EXTERNAL PARTS OF STEM
- Pores that facilitate gas exchange
LENTICEL
EXTERNAL PARTS OF STEM
- Segment of stem where leaves and lateral buds are attached
NODE
EXTERNAL PARTS OF STEM
- Section of a stem between two nodes
INTERNODE
EXTERNAL PARTS OF STEM
- Used in the identification of the woody plants and it is mark left in the leaf scar from the vascular tissue attachment
BUNDLE SCAR
INTERNAL PARTS OF STEM
EPIDERMIS, CORTEX, VASCULAR BUNDLES
INTERNAL PARTS OF STEM
- Outermost layer of the stem and usually functions of waterproof, protect and control gas exchange
EPIDERMIS
INTERNAL PARTS OF STEM
- Lies below the epidermis, it consists of hypodermis, parenchyma cell, and endodermis
CORTEX
INTERNAL PARTS OF STEM
- Comprises of phloem and xylem
VASCULAR BUNDLES
MODIFIED STEM
RHIZOME, CORMS, STOLONS, RUNNERS, TUBERS, BULB
MODIFIED STEM
- Modified stem that grows horizontal underground; it has nodes and internodes
RHIZOME
MODIFIED STEM
- Contain stored food that enables some plants to survive the winter
CORMS
MODIFIED STEM
- Stems that run almost parallel to the ground, or below the surface, and can give rise to new plants at the nodes
STOLONS
MODIFIED STEM
- Type of stolon that runs above the ground and produces new clone plants at nodes at varying intervals
RUNNERS
MODIFIED STEM
- Modified stem that may store starch. Arise as swollen ends of stolons, and contain many adventitious or unusual buds
TUBERS
MODIFIED STEM
- A modification of a stem that has the appearance of enlarged fleshy leaves emerging from the stem or surrounding the base of the stem
BULB
