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PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY > BOTANY LAB: PLANT STRUCTURES > Flashcards

BOTANY LAB: PLANT STRUCTURES Flashcards

1
Q

DEVELOPERS OF CELL THEORY
- He stated all plants are composed of cells

A

MATTHIAS SCHLEIDEN

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2
Q

DEVELOPERS OF CELL THEORY
- He stated that all animals are also composed pf cells—thus claimed all living things are composed of cells

A

THEODOR SCHWANN

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3
Q

DEVELOPERS OF CELL THEORY
- He stated all cells came from pre-existing cells

A

RUDOLF VIRCHOW

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4
Q

All organisms are made up of cells

A

CELL THEORY

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5
Q

The basic unit of structure and function in all organisms

A

CELLS

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6
Q

All cells come from cells that already exist

A

CELL THEORY

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7
Q
  • Have the same basic eukaryotic organization
  • At maturity when they become specialized, it may differ greatly from one another in their structure and functions
A

PLANT CELL

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8
Q
  • Contains many organelles with specific functions
  • Enclosed by a membrane which defines their boundaries
  • Has a Cell wall
A

PLANT CELL

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9
Q

PLANT CELL VS ANIMAL CELL
- Cell wall

A

PLANT CELL

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10
Q

PLANT CELL VS ANIMAL CELL
- Plastid

A

PLANT CELL

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11
Q

PLANT CELL VS ANIMAL CELL
- One large central vacuole, taking up 90% of the cell volume

A

PLANT CELL

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12
Q

PLANT CELL VS ANIMAL CELL
- One or more small vacuoles

A

ANIMAL CELL

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13
Q

PLANT CELL VS ANIMAL CELL
- Rectangular shape

A

PLANT CELL

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14
Q

PLANT CELL VS ANIMAL CELL
- Has a Round shape

A

ANIMAL CELL

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15
Q

PLANT CELL VS ANIMAL CELL
- Some has glyoxysomes

A

PLANT CELLS

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16
Q

PLANT CELL VS ANIMAL CELL
- Centrioles are only present in lower forms

A

PLANT CELL

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17
Q

PLANT CELL VS ANIMAL CELL
- Centrioles are always present

A

ANIMAL CELL

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18
Q

PLANT CELL VS ANIMAL CELL
- Lyoxysomes are usually not evident

A

PLANT CELL

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19
Q

PLANT CELL VS ANIMAL CELL
- Lyoxysomes occur in cytoplasm

A

ANIMAL CELL

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20
Q

PLANT CELL VS ANIMAL CELL
- Cell membrane + Cell wall

A

PLANT CELL

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21
Q

PLANT CELL VS ANIMAL CELL
- It only has Cell membrane

A

ANIMAL CELL

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22
Q

PLANT CELL VS ANIMAL CELL
- Has Chloroplasts

A

PLANT CELLS

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23
Q

PLANT CELL VS ANIMAL CELL
- Has no Chloroplast

A

ANIMAL CELL

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24
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Function in plants:
- For protection
- For photosynthesis
- Defines cell shade

A

CELL WALL

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25
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Composition:
- Cellulose
- Hemicellulose
- Held together by the Middle lamella
- Made of: Cellulose, Xyloglucan, Pectin, Proteins, Ca2+ ions, Lignin, Water, Other ions

A

CELL WALL

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26
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Main component of cell wall

A

CELLULOSE

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27
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- A glue-like substance that holds cellulose fibrils together

A

HEMICELLULOSE

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28
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- The cell walls are held together by

A

MIDDLE LAMELLA

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29
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- The organic material that gives stiffness to fruit jellies

A

PECTIN

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30
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Proteins associated with sugar

A

GLYCOPROTEIN

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31
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Composed of cellulose microfibrils (embedded in lignin—a complex polymer)

A

SECONDARY CELL WALLS

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32
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Responsible for giving cell’s shape and where most chemical processes take place

A

CYTOPLASM

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33
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Clear in color and has a gel-like appearance
- It helps to move materials, such as hormones, around the cell and dissolves cellular waste

A

CYTOPLASM

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34
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Controls cell metabolism including signal pathways, intercellular receptor “Cell jello”

A

CYTOPLASM

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35
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
2 Primary parts:
- Central area of the cytoplasm that contains the organelles

A

ENDOPLASM

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36
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
2 Primary parts:
- More gel-like peripheral portion of the cytoplasm of a cells

A

ECTOPLASM

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37
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- In cytoplasm, Bacteria and Archaeans, do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. In these cells, the cytoplasm consists of all the contents of the cell inside the plasma membrane

A

PROKARYOTIC CELLS

38
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- In cytoplasm, Plant and Animal cells, the Cytoplasm consist of three main components: Cytosol, Organelles, Cytoplasmic inclusions

A

EUKARYOTIC CELL

39
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- The semi-fluid component or liquid medium of a cell’s cytoplasm. It is located outside of the nucleus and within the cell membrane

A

CYTOSOL

40
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Tiny cellular structures that perform specific functions within a cell. Examples of organelles include Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Nucleus, Lysosomes, Chloroplasts, Endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus

A

ORGANELLES

41
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Particles that are temporarily suspended in the cytoplasm. Inclusions consists of macromolecules and granules

A

CYTOPLASMIC INCLUSIONS

42
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Tiny strands of cytoplasm that extends between cell openings
- Where transfer of Sugar, Ions, and other Substances occur

A

PLASMODESMATA (sing. Plasmodesma)

43
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Permeable, it allows movement of water and dissolved substances in and out of the cell

A

CELL WALLS & MIDDLE LAMELLAE

44
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- The outer boundary if the cell

A

PLASMA MEMBRANE

45
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- A thin semi-permeable layer that regulates substances that goes in and out of the cell

A

PLASMA MEMBRANES

46
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Involved in the production and assembly of cellulose for cell walls

A

PLASMA MEMBRANE

47
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Composed of Phospholipids in 2 layers interspersed with protein

A

PLASMA MEMBRANE

48
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Covalent bond links CHO to both lipids and proteins

A

PLASMA MEMBRANE

49
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Creates pressure that pushes the plasma membrane into the cell wall

A

OSMOSIS

50
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Functions:
- Mediates the transport if substances into and out if the protoplasm
- It coordinates the synthesis and assembly of cellulose microfibrils
- Relays hormonal and environmental signals involved in the control of cell growth and differentiation

A

PLASMA MEMBRANE

51
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Grayish, spherical to ellipsoidal lump

A

NUCLEUS

52
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Control center of the cell for growth, differentiation, and storage of hereditary information (passed on from cell to cell)

A

NUCLEUS

53
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- DNA ‘blue prints’
- Green cells the nucleus are obscured by chloroplast

A

NUCLEUS

54
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Membrane that envelops the nucleus

A

NUCLEAR ENVELOP

55
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Granular fluid in the nucleus; suspends larger bodies

A

NUCLEOPLASM

56
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Composed of RNA and proteins

A

NUCLEOLI (sing. Nucleolus)

57
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Produces ribosomes
- Moves the ER and is critical in protein synthesis

A

NUCLEOLUS

58
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Thin strands involved in the process of dividing

A

CHROMATIN

59
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Not visible in light microscope unless stained
- Composed of protein and DNA

A

CHROMATIN

60
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Condensed chromatin
- Thicker and shorter

A

CHROMOSOMES

61
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- An enclosed space with network of flattened sacs and tubes forming channels

A

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)

62
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Connected with the outer membrane of the nucleus

A

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)

63
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Facilitates cellular communications and channeling of materials

A

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)

64
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Rough ellipsoidal in shape
- Composed of 2 subunits that are composed of RNA & proteins

A

RIBOSOMES

65
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- 55 kinds of protein are found in each ribosomes
of prokaryotic cell and slightly higher in eukaryotic
- Not membrane bound; NOT and organelle

A

RIBOSOMES

66
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Stacks of flattened discs or vesicles scattered in the cytoplasm
- Bound by branching tubules from the ER

A

DICTYOSOMES/ GOLGI APPARATUS

67
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Aggregates will constitute the Golgi apparatus (also found in protein secreting animal cells) names after CAMILO GOLGI (discoverer, 1898)
- Responsible for collecting, packaging, and delivery center or ‘’post office” of the cell

A

DICTYOSOMES/ GOLGI APPARATUS

68
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- They occur in a variety of shapes and sizes (with the chloroplasts)

A

PLASTIDS

69
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Found within the chloroplast formed from membranes like a stack of coins

A

GRANA

70
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Stacks of 2-100 found in each granum; it contains green chlorophyll pigments; where the first steps of photosynthesis happen

A

THYLAKOIDS

71
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Membrane contains chlorophyll and its associated proteins
- Site of proteins
- Have inner and outer membranes

A

CHLOROPLAST

72
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Surounded by stroma
- Works like mitochondria
- During photosynthesis, ATP from stroma provide the energy for the production if sugar molecules

A

CHLOROPLAST

73
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Colorless liquid portion of chloroplast containing enzyme involved in photosynthesis

A

STROMA

74
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Contains small circular DNA structure that encodes for production of proteins needed for photosynthesis and RNA and ribosomes facilitate protein synthesis

A

CHLOROPLAST

75
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Lack of chlorophyll but synthesize and retain Carotenoid pigments which are responsible for the Yellow, Orange, or Red colors of may flowers, old leaves, some fruits and some roots

A

CHROMOPLAST

76
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Non pigmented plastids some of which synthesize starch while others produce oils or proteins

A

LEUCOPLAST

77
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Upon exposure to light they may develop into chloroplasts

A

LEUCOPLAST

78
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Contains Amyloplasts and Elaioplasts

A

LEUCOPLAST

79
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Synthesize starch

A

AMYLOPLAST

80
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Synthesize oils

A

ELAIOPLASTS

81
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Known as the “powerhouse” of the cell

A

MITOCHONDRIA

82
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Releases energy from organic molecules by the process of cellular respiration

A

MITOCHONDRIA

83
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Barely visible with light microscope
- In motion and accumulate in groups where energy is needed

A

MITOCHONDRIA

84
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Cucumber/paddle/rods or balls shaped
- Its plates-like folds are called cristae

A

MITOCHONDRIA

85
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Plate like folds

A

CRISTAE

86
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Makes up 90% of the plant cell volume
- Bound by Vacuolar membranes (tonoplast) similar function with plasma membrane

A

VACUOLE

87
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Function:
- Maintains cell pressure and pH
- Storage of cell metabolites and waste products

A

VACUOLE

88
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Fluid inside the vacuole (slightly acidic); contains Salt, Sugar, Organic acids, and Soluble protein and Soluble pigments

A

CELL SAP

89
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Responsible for the Red, Blue, Purple color of flowers and reddish leaves

A

ANTHOCYANIN

90
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Involved in the movement within the cell
- With 2 kinds of fibers (microtubules, microfilaments)
- Unbranched, thin, hollow, tube like structure composed of protein called Tubulin

A

CYTOSKELETON

91
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Control the addition of cellulose to the cell wall; involved in cell division, movement of cytoplasmic organelles, movement of vesicles, movement of Cilia and Flagella

A

MICROTUBULES

92
Q

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Structure of DNA that carries genes and functions of the cell

A

CHROMOSOME

PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY (15 decks)

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