Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BOTANY LEC > MOD 9: FRUITS&SEEDS > Flashcards

MOD 9: FRUITS&SEEDS Flashcards

1
Q

a characteristic of flowering plants.

A

FRUITS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Once pollination and fertilization occur, the ____ of the plant BECOMES THE FRUIT

A

OVARY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Once pollination and fertilization occur, the ________ BECOME THE SEEDS

A

OVULES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

They can be FLESHY or DRY.

A

FRUITS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The main purpose of _____ is that they PROTECT THE SEEDS DURING DEVELOPMENT.

A

FRUITS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

are OFTEN COLORFUL and EMANATE A DETECTABLE ODOR, they help in attracting birds and other animals to eat seeds

A

FRUITS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

when seed drops

A

SEED DISPERSAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

FRUIT REGIONS:
SKIN (outside)

A

EXOCARP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

FRUIT REGIONS:
- INNER BOUNDARY AROUND SEEDS

A

ENDOCARP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

FRUIT REGIONS:
- TISSUE BETWEEN EXOCARP AND ENDOCARP

A

MESOCARP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

FRUIT REGIONS:
- FLESHY PART of the fruit

A

MESOCARP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

COLLECTIVELY term for the 3 regions of fruit (exocarp, endocarp, mesocarp)

A

PERICARP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF FRUITS

A

SIMPLE
AGGREGATE
MULTIPLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • one fruit that has developed from ONE SINGLE FLOWER
  • single pistil
  • one carpel
A

SIMPLE FRUIT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  • ONE FLOWER that produces TINY FRUIT clustered tightly together.
  • MANY FRUITLETS
A

AGGREGATE FRUIT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  • fruits from MANY DIFFERENT FLOWERS which develop closely together to form ONE BIGGER FRUIT
  • pineapple
A

MULTIPLE FRUIT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  • fruits whose mesocarp is atleast PARTLY FLESHY AT MATURITY
A

FLESHY FRUITS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  • fruits whose mesocarp is DEFINITELY DRY AT MATURITY
A

DRY FRUITS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  • a simple fleshy fruit with A SINGLE SEED ENCLOSED BY A HARD, STONY ENDOCARP OR PIT
  • usually develops from flowers with a
    SUPERIOR OVARY CONTAINING A SINGLE OVULE
A

DRUPE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

stone fruits (e.g., apricots, cherries, peaches, plums, olives)

A

DRUPE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
  • develop from a COMPOUND OVARY and
    commonly CONTAIN MORE THAN ONE SEED.
  • ENTIRE PERICARP IS FLESHY, and it is
    DIFFICULT TO DISTINGUISH between the
    mesocarp and the endocarp.
A

BERRIES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

3 TYPES OF BERRIES

A

TRUE BERRY
PEPO
HESPERIDIUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
  • a fruit with a THIN (EXOCARP) SKIN and
    a PERICARP that is RELATIVELY SOFT AT MATURITY.
A

TRUE BERRY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

tomatoes, grapes, persimmons, peppers, and eggplants.

A

TRUE BERRY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

● are berries with relatively THICK RINDS.
● Fruits of members of the PUMPKIN FAMILY (Cucurbitaceae)

A

PEPOS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

pumpkins, cucumbers, watermelons, squashes, and cantaloupes

A

PEPOS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

● and HAS PULPS
● NUMEROUS OUTGROWTHS from the INNER LINING OF THE OVARY WALL become SACLIKE AND SWOLLEN WITH JUICE as the fruit develops

A

HESPERIDIUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

● Citrus Family (Rutaceae)
● Examples include oranges, lemons, limes, grapefruit, tangerines, and kumquats.

A

HESPERDIUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

● are simple fleshy fruits, the bulk of
whose flesh comes from the ENLARGED FLORAL TUBE or RECEPTACLE that grows up around
● The ovary.

A

POMES (berries)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

apples, pears, and quinces.

A

POMES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

FLESHY FRUITS

A

BERRY
DRUPE
POME

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

DRY FRUITS

A

DEHISCHENT
INDEHISCENT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

● asexual reproduction
● fruit develops WITHOUT FERTILIZATION
● growth hormones

A

PARTHENOCARPY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q
  • opens when RIPE
  • EXPOSES SEEDS
A

DEHISCENT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

The fruits in this group are distinguished from one another by the way they SPLIT.

A

DEHISCENT FRUITS (dry fruits that split at maturity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q
  • splits along ONE SIDE OR SEAM (suture) ONLY, exposing the seeds within.
  • One carpel opens on ONE SIDE
A

FOLLICLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

larkspur, columbine, milkweed, and peony

A

FOLLICLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q
  • splits along TWO SIDES or seams
A

LEGUMES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

peas, beans, garbanzo beans, lentils, carob, kudzu, and mesquite.

A

LEGUMES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

● also split along two sides or seams, but the seeds are BORNE ON A CENTRAL PARTITION, which is exposed when the two halves of the fruit separate.
● produced by members of the Mustard Family (Brassicaceae)

A

SILIQUES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

less than 3 times smaller than siliques

A

SILICLES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

broccoli, cabbage, radish, shepherd’s purse, and watercress.

A

SILIQUES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

● MOST COMMON of the dry fruits that split.
● They consist of AT LEAST TWO CARPELS
and split in a variety of ways.

A

CAPSULES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

irises, orchids, lilies, poppies, violets, and snapdragons.

A

CAPSULES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q
  • In this type of dry fruit, the single seed is, to varying degrees, UNITED WITH THE PERICARP
A

INDEHISCENT FRUITS (dry fruits that do not split at maturity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

● ONLY THE BASE of the single seed of
the ____ is ATTACHED TO ITS SURROUNDING PERICARP.
● Accordingly, the husk (pericarp) is RELATIVELY EASILY SEPARATED from the
seed.

A

ACHENE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

sunflower “seeds”, buttercup, and buckwheat.

A

ACHENE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

● are ONE-SEEDED FRUITS similar to
achenes, but they are GENERALLY LARGER, and the PERICARP IS MUCH HARDER AND THICKER.

A

NUTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

acorns hazelnuts (filberts), and hickory nuts.

A

NUTS

50
Q

● The pericarp of the ___ (caryopsis;
plural: caryopses) is TIGHTLY UNITED WITH THE SEED and cannot be separated from it.

A

GRAINS

51
Q

corn, wheat, rice, oats, and barley,.

A

GRAINS

52
Q

● the pericarp surrounding the seed
EXTENDS OUT IN THE FORM OF A WING or membrane, which aids in dispersal.

A

SAMARAS

53
Q

● In ____, samaras are produced in
PAIRS

A

MAPLES

54
Q

● In ashes, elms, and the tree of heaven, samaras are produced _____

A

SINGLY

55
Q

are PRODUCED IN PAIRS that SEPARATE AT MATURITY

A

MAPLE SAMARAS

56
Q

twin fruit

A

SCHIZOCARPS

57
Q

individual carpels

A

MERICARP

58
Q

● Represented by the Parsley Family (Apiaceae).
● Example: parsley, carrots, anise, caraway, and dill.

A

SCHIZOCARPS

59
Q

● one that is DERIVED FROM A SINGLE FLOWER with SEVERAL TO MANY PISTILS.
● pistils develop into TINY DRUPES or OTHER FRUTILETS, but they MATURE AS A CLUSTERED UNIT ON A SINGLE RECEPTACLE.

A

AGGREGATE FRUIT

60
Q

this accessory fruit that is actually AN ENLARGED RECEPTACLE

A

STRAWBERRY

61
Q

● derived from SEVERAL TO MANY INDIVIDUAL FLOWERS IN A SINGLE INFLORESCENCE.
● Each flower has its OWN RECEPTACLE, but as the flowers mature separately into fruitlets, they DEVELOP TOGETHER INTO A SINGLE LARGER FRUIT, as in aggregate fruits.

A

MULTIPLE FRUIT

62
Q
A
63
Q

mulberries, pineapples, and figs

A

MULTIPLE FRUIT

64
Q

● are embryotic plants ENCLOSE IN A PROTECTIVE OUTER COVERING.

A

SEED

65
Q

● Functions:
○ Reproduction
○ Covering the embryo
○ Storage of food
○ Dispersal to a new location
and dormancy (- the seed
knows what weather it will
germinate during
unfavorable conditions)

A

SEED

66
Q

the seed knows what weather it will
germinate during unfavorable conditions

A

DORMANCY

67
Q

outer protective covering

A

SEED COAT

68
Q

other term for SEED COAT

A

TESTA

69
Q

SCAR from the seed BEING ATTACHED TO THE PARENT PLANT.

A

HILUM

70
Q
  • SCAR where ovule attached to ovary
A

HILUM

71
Q

the FIRST LEAF that germinates

A

COTYLEDON

72
Q

the portion of axis ABOVE AND LOWER PORTION OF THE COTYLEDON respectively

A

EPICOTYL & HYPOCOTYL

73
Q

the FIRST APICAL BUD of shoot

A

PLUMULE

74
Q

COVERING the YOUNG SHOOT

A

COLEOPTILE

75
Q

part of the seed where the ROOT DEVELOPS

A

RADICLE

76
Q

the PROTECTIVE SHEATH investing the radicle in some monocotyledonous plants through which the roots emerge

A

COLEORHIZA

77
Q

scar where POLLEN TUBE ENTERED OVULE

A

MICROPILE

78
Q

● The ______ is a SOURCE OF STORED FOOD, consisting primarily of
STARCHES.
● It is the structure that has been
formed to PROVIDE NUTRITION FOR EMBRYO in germination

A

ENDOSPERM

79
Q

how many COTYLEDON is present in the embryo of a MONOCOT SEED

A

ONLY ONE COTYLEDON

80
Q

is THIN AND SMALL and LACKS FOOD MATERIALS in MONOCOT SEED

A

COTYLEDONS

81
Q

_____ is MOSTLY PRESENT and STORES FOOD in MONOCOT SEED

A

ENDOSPERM

82
Q

Radicle is protected by ____ (covering) in MONOCOT SEEED

A

COLEORHIZA

83
Q

Plumule is protected by _____ in MONOCOT SEED

A

COLEOPTILE

84
Q

how many COTYLEDONS are present in the embryo axis of a DICOT SEED

A

TWO LATERAL COTYLEDONS

85
Q

______ are FLESHY and STORE FOOD in DICOT SEED

A

COTYLEDONS

86
Q

_____ MOSTLY ABSENT and LACKS FOOD in DICOT SEED

A

ENDOSPERM

87
Q

these are ABSENT in DICOT SEED

A

COLEORHIZA AND COLEOPTILES

88
Q

● Have seeds that are ENCLOSED WITHIN AN OVARY (usually a fruit)

A

ANGIOSPERMS

89
Q

include flowers, fruits, and endosperm in the seeds,

A

ANGIOSPERMS

90
Q

● Have NO FLOWERS OR FRUITS, and have
Unenclosed or “NAKES” SEEDS on the surface of scales or leaves.
● ___ seeds are often configured as CONES.

A

GYMNOSPERMS

91
Q

● Gymnosperm seeds are often configured as _____.

A

CONES

92
Q

two types of SELF DISPERSAL

A

BALLISTIC
GRAVITY

93
Q
  • Witch hazel, squirting cucumber
  • dry out / seeds pop out
A

BALLISTIC

94
Q

carpel grows inside the soil (geocarpic)
*Peanuts

A

GRAVITY

95
Q

● dandelion and maple

A

WIND DISPERSAL

96
Q

● Fleshy fruits EATEN and DISPERSED WITH FECES
● Some have VELCRO-LIKE HOOKS that
cling to animal fur (burdock, cockleburs)

A

ANIMAL DISPERSAL

97
Q

○ Seeds are SMALL AND LIGHTWEIGTH

A

DISPERSAL BY WIND

98
Q

○ Fruits: samaras, plumes

A

DISPERSAL BY WIND

99
Q

● Oils attract ants.

A

DISPERSAL BY ANIMALS

100
Q
  • rich in lipids & part of fleshy tissues
  • on bleeding hearts used as food by ants.
A

ELAIOSOMES

101
Q

elaiosomes came from the greek word

A

ELAION & SOMA

102
Q

ELAION means

A

OIL

103
Q

SOMA means

A

BODY

104
Q

coconut

A

WATER DISPERSAL

105
Q

● includes EMERGENCE OF THER RADICLE is the BEGINNING OR RESUMPTION OF GROWTH of a seed, and it depends on the interplay of a number of internal and external factors.

A

GERMINATION

106
Q

● The EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT from the seed embryo of those structures which seed indicate the ABILITY TO PRODUCE A NORMAL PLANT.

A

GERMINATION

107
Q

● The process by which a DORMANT SEED BEGINS TO SPROUT and gGROW INTO A SEEDLING under the right growing conditions

A

GERMINATION

108
Q

● Germination is the process by which a _____ SEED BEGINS TO SPROUT and GROW INTO A SEEDLING under the right growing conditions

A

DORMANT

109
Q

○ Seeds emerge OUT OF THE SOIL or ABOVE THE SOIL
(w/ cotyledon)

A

EPIGEAL GERMINATION

110
Q

○ Seeds REMAIN INSIDE THE SOIL or BELOW THE SOIL
(leaves the cotyledon)

A

HYPOGEAL GERMINATION

111
Q

○ The cotyledons COME OUT ABOVE THE SOIL SURFACE and generally TURN GREEN and act as FIRST FOLIAGE LEAVES.

A

EPIGEAL GERMINATION

112
Q

○ In EPIGEAL GERMINATION, the cotyledons come out above the soil surface and generally turn green and act
as _____.

A

FIRST FOLIAGE LEAVES

113
Q

○ This type of germination present in groundnut, bean, cotton, sunflower, and cotton seeds.

A

EPIGEAL GERMINATION

114
Q

○ The cotyledons DO NOT COME ABOVE THE SOIL SURFACE.

A

HYPOGEAL GERMINATION

115
Q

○ This type of germination is found in wheat, barley, maize, and pea.

A

HYPOGEAL GERMINATION

116
Q

INTERNAL FACTORS affecting germination

A

MATURITY OF EMBRYO
PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF CHEMICAL INHIBITORS

117
Q

CHEMICAL INHIBITORS

A

GROWTH HORMONES
NUTRIENTS

118
Q

EXTERNAL FACTORS affecting germination

A

OXYGEN
WATER
TEMPERATURE

119
Q

OPTIMUM IDEAL TEMPERATURE FOR GERMINATION

A

25-30ºC

120
Q

TEMPERATURE WHERE GERMINATION STOPS

A

0-45ºC

BOTANY LEC (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions