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BOTANY LEC > M7: LEAVES > Flashcards

M7: LEAVES Flashcards

1
Q

FALTTENED OR EXPANDED LATERAL PROJECTION on a stem at a node and subtending a bud

A

LEAF

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2
Q

formed by the LEAVES AND STEM

A

SHOOT

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3
Q

leaf contains ______ containing chlorophyll, responsible for
helping in photosynthesis

A

CHLOROPLASTS

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4
Q

chloroplasts contains ____, responsible for helping in photosynthesis

A

CHLOROPHYLL

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5
Q

SMALL PORES where GAS EXCHANGE happen in the leaves

A

STOMATA

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6
Q

ENERGY absorbed FROM SUNLIGHT to synthesize food in the form of sugar (glucose)

A

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

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7
Q

by product of photosynthesis

A

OXYGEN

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8
Q

LOSS OF WATER by evaporation from the leaves in the form of VAPOR

A

TRANSPIRATION

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9
Q

most transpiration occurs through ______

A

STOMATA

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10
Q

secretion of DROPLETS OF WATER from the pores of plants

A

GUTTATION

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11
Q

pores of plants

A

HYDATHODES

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12
Q

where are hydathodes loctaed

A

AT THE TIP OF LEAF VEINS

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13
Q

when does guttation usually occurs

A

AT NIGHT when transpiration is not occuring

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14
Q

CONDENSATION OF WATER VAPOR in the atmosphere

A

DEW

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15
Q

all leaves originate as _____ –the IMMATURE LEAF IN THE BUDS

A

PRIMORDIA

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16
Q
  • BROAD PORTION OF THE LEAF
  • consist of apex, margin, vein, midrib, and base
A

BLADE AKA LAMINA

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17
Q

THIN STALK that attached leaf to the stem

A

PETIOLE

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18
Q

LEAF-LIKE STRUCTURES at the leaf base

A

STIPULES

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19
Q

leaves WITHOUT A PETIOLE, the leaf base is DIRECTLY ATTACHED TO THE STEM

A

SESSILE LEAF

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20
Q

travels the length of the leaf and branches to PRODUCE VEINS

A

MIDRIB

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21
Q

boundary area extending along the EDGE OF THE LEAF

A

LEAF MARGIN

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22
Q

Within each leaf, formed by vascular tissues

A

VEINS

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23
Q

veins are formed by

A

VASCULAR TISSUES

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24
Q

ARRANGEMENT OF VEIN IN A LEAF; varies in monocots and dicots

A

VENATION PATTERN

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25
Q

MONOCOT venation pattern

A

PARALLEL

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26
Q

DICOT venation pattern

A

NET-LIKE

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27
Q

Three Primary Regions of the leaf

A

EPIDERMIS
MESOPHYLL
VEINS

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28
Q
  • OUTER PROTECTIVE LAYER of the leaf
  • usually one cell layer thick
A

EPIDERMIS

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29
Q
  • protection
  • prevent water loss—cuticle
  • aid in gas exchange regulation—guard cell, contraction to close and open the stomata; trichomes, epidermal hair structures
A

EPIDERMIS

30
Q

waxy layer water-proofing upper leaves

A

CUTICLE

31
Q
  • UPPER LAYER of cells, NO CHLOROPLAST
  • protection
A

UPPER EPIDERMIS

32
Q
  • upper mesophyll
  • compactly stacked, BARREL-SHAPED, or post-shaped parenchyma cells
  • commonly in TWO-ROWS
  • contain more than 80% of the leaf’s chloroplast
A

PALASIDE MESOPHYLL

33
Q
  • lower layer of chloroplast containing cells
  • AIR SPACES AROUND THEM
  • numerous chloroplasts
A

SPONGY MESOPHYLL

34
Q

LOWER EXTERNAL layer of a leaf

A

LOWER EPIDERMIS

35
Q

a JACKET of THICKER-WALLED PARENCHYMA cells

A

BUNDLE SHEATH

36
Q
  • consists of XYLEM AND PHLOEM surrounded by a jacket of thicker-walled parenchyma cells called the - bundle sheath
  • xylem and phloem for transport
A

VASCULAR BUNDLE

37
Q

NON-LIVING vascular system CARRYING WATER AND MINERALS throughout plant

A

XYLEM

38
Q

LIVING vascular system CARRYING DISSOLVED SUGARS AND ORGANIC COMPOUNDS throughout plant

A

PHLOEM

39
Q

2 cells surrounding stomata that CONTROL RATE OF GAS AND WATER EXCHANGE

A

GUARD CELLS

40
Q

OPENING BETWEEN GUARD CELLS for gas and water exchange

A

STOMATA

41
Q
  • receive LESS TOTAL LIGHT needed for photosynthesis
  • thinner and have FEWER WELL-DEFINED MESOPHYLL LAYERS and FEWER CHLOROPLASTS
  • DO NOT HAVE MANY HAIRS
A

SHADE LEAVES

42
Q
  • THICK, LEATHERY LEAVES, FEWER STOMATA
    • stomata are sunken below the surface in special depressions
  • have succulent, WATER-RETAINING LEAVES, or no leaves at all or may have DENSE HAIRY COVERINGS
A

LEAVES OF ARID REGION

43
Q

LESS XYLEM THAN PHLOEM and the mesophyll, which is not differentiated into palisade and spongy layers, has LARGE AIR SPACES—to keep them afloat to access sunlight; aerenchyma

A

LEAVES OF AQUATIC AREAS

44
Q
  • less water loss
  • PROTECT PLANTS FROM BROWSING ANIMALS
A

SPINES, THORNS, PRICKLES

45
Q
  • SUCCULENT LEAVES—modified for WATER RETENTION
  • parenchyma cells with LARGE VACUOLES
A

STORAGE LEAVES

46
Q

epiphyte that GROWS NON-PARASITICALLY ON OTHER PLANTS develop URN-LIKE POUCHES that become HOME TO ANT COLONIES; creates a
good growing medium for adventitious roots, which grow on the soil, aiding in plant growth and absorption

A

DISCHIDIA / FLOWER POT LEAVES

47
Q
  • leaves BURIED IN GROUND/SAND; grows in DRY SANDY AREAS
  • there is a mass of tightly packed, transparent water-storage cells below the exposed end; transparent “windows” allow the penetration of sunlight into the plants’ mesophyll
A

WINDOW LEAVES

48
Q

PRODUCES PLANTLETS ALONG THE MARGIN of its leaves, plantlets drop on the soil and grows; asexual reproduction

A

KALANCHOE DAIGREMONTIANA

49
Q

production of new individuals along a leaf magin of the AIR PLANT;
- plantlets are complete with roots and leaves, even after a leaf has been removed from the parent plant; each plantlet can mature into a mature plant

A

KALANCHOE PINNATA

50
Q

Kalanchoe daigremontiana
Kalanchoe pinnata

A

REPRODUCTIVE LEAVES

51
Q
  • specialized leaves known as BRACTS, found at the bases of flowers or flower stalks
  • Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima)
A

FLORAL LEAVES (BRACT)

52
Q
  • “PASSIVE TRAP”
  • have NECTAR-SECRETING GLANDS around the rim
  • distinctive odor produced by glands attracts insects
  • insects will be stuck and eventually they will be trapped
  • grow in SWAMPY AREAS, hence NITROGEN DEFICIENCY; may grow without insects if nutrients are given as they are photosynthetic
  • contain liquids with DIGESTIVE ENZYMES
A

PITCHER PLANTS (Serracenia)

53
Q
  • MECHANICALLY / ACTIVELY TRAPS INSECTS
  • leaves covered with GLANDUALR HAIRS that have sticky digestive enzymes
  • SENSITIVE TO MOVEMENT, bends toward stimulants (insects), and return to original position after digestion; DOES NOT REACT TO NON-EDIBLE STIMULANTS
A

SUNDEWS (Drosera)

54
Q
  • ATIVE TRAP
  • two halves of the blade have the appearance of being hinged along the midrib, with stiff, hairlike projections along their margins
  • INNER HAIR STIMULANTS, triggers the closing movement of the 2 blades then the digestive enzymes are secreted; further movements causes the strengthening of the hold of the 2 closing blades
A

VENUS FLYTRAP (Dionaea muscipula)

55
Q
  • found in margins of LAKES AND STREAMS
  • have FINELY DISSECTED LEAVES with TINY BLADDERS
  • when triggered, trapdoor springs open, causing water to rush into the bladder, trapping the insect inside; insect drowns and is broken down by bacterias present in the bladder
A

BLADDERWORTS (Utricularia)

56
Q

leaf tea for colds and relieve INFANT COLIC—affects 3–4 month old babies with loud and mostly non-stop crying

A

CATNIP
NEPERA CATARIA

57
Q

decoction from leaves used as CURE ALL by NATIVE AMERICANS especially for respiratory problems

A

CREOSOTE BUSH
Larrea divaricate

58
Q

DRIED LEAVES used for minor pain, laxative, flavoring in liquor, sexual stimulant, improve blood circulation

A

DAMIANA
Turnera diffusa

59
Q
  • drug complex from leaves containing atropine, hyoscyamine, and scopolamine (opium antidote)
  • SHOCK TREATMENT
  • PUPIL DILATION
  • SCOPALAMNE as tranquilizer to induce TWILIGHT SLEEP DURING CHILD BIRTH
A

DEADLY NIGHTSHADE
Atropa belladona

60
Q

OPIUM ANTIDOTE

A

SCOPALAMINE

61
Q
  • leaves and roots have ANTIVIRAL and ANTI-INFLAMMATORY property
  • BOOST THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
A

ECHINACEA
Echinacea purpurea

62
Q
  • oil extracted from leaves used to alleviate BRONCHITIS AND COUGHS
A

EUCALYPTUS
Eucalyptus spp

63
Q
  • concentrated leaf extract improves oxygen carrying capacity of capillaries especially those of the brain and may IMPROVE MEMORY
  • used for treating VERTIGO and TINNITUS—ringing of the ear
A

GINKGO BILOBA

64
Q

leaf and root extract used for GALLSTONEformation and alleviate DIGESTION PROBLEMS

A

GLOBE ARTICHOKE
Cynara scolymus

65
Q

unfermented leaves source of POLYPHENOLS which appear to REDUCE CANCER incidence for regular users through NEUTRALISATION OF FREE RADICALS

A

GREEN TEA
Camellia sinensis

66
Q

ingredient of green tea particularly effective for PROSTATE CANCER

A

EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE (EGCG)

67
Q
  • drugs atropine, hyoscyamine, and scopolamine obtained from seeds, flowers, and leaves
  • used for KNOCKOUT DROPS and for ASTHMA
  • HIGHLY POISONUS
A

JIMSON WEED
Datura stramonium spp

68
Q

LEAF TEA used as sedative, muscle relaxant, and pain reliever

A

KAVA KAVA
Piper methysticum

69
Q

LEAF EXTRACT oils used for COLDS

A

LEMON BALM
Melissa officinalis

70
Q

Source of LOBELINE SULFATE
- used for SMOKING CESSATION and in treatment of RESPIRATORY DISORDER

A

LOBELIA
Lobelia inflata

BOTANY LEC (20 decks)

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