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BOTANY LEC > MOD 10.2: CELLULAR RESPIRATION > Flashcards

MOD 10.2: CELLULAR RESPIRATION Flashcards

1
Q

RELEASE OF ENERGY from glucose molecules that are broken down to individual CO2 molecules

A

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

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2
Q

where does CELLULAR RESPIRATION is INITIATED

A

CYTOPLASM

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3
Q

where does CELLULAR RESPIRATION is COMPLETED

A

MITOCHONDRIA

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4
Q

CELLULAR RESPIRATION FORMULA

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O

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5
Q

In Eukaryotic cells:
● Cellular respiration BEGINS with the products of ____

A

GLYCOLYSIS

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6
Q

the products of glycolysis is being transported into the ____

A

MITOCHONDRIA

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7
Q

Further breaking of chemical bonds and the liberation of ATP happen in the _______

A

MITOCHONDRIA

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8
Q

Further breaking of chemical bonds and the liberation of ____ happen in the Mitochondria

A

ATP

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9
Q

the further breaking of chemical bonds and the liberation of ATP that happen in the Mitochondria is due to a series of _____

A

METABOLIC PATHWAYS

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10
Q

END PRODUCTS of cellular respiration in EUKARYOTIC CELLS

A

CO2
H2O

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11
Q

THEORETICAL MAXIMUM YIELD of cellular respiration is ____ ATP per molecule of glucose metabolized

A

36

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12
Q

FIRST MAJOR PHASE in cellular respiration

A

GLYCOLYSIS

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13
Q

where does GLYCOLYSIS takes place?

A

CYTOPLASM

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14
Q

this DOES NOT REQUIRE OXYGEN

A

GLYCOLYSIS

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15
Q

GLYCOLYSIS is considered as what type of metabolic reaction

A

ANAEROBIC CATABOLIC REACTION

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16
Q

glycolysis converts 6-carbon glucose molecule to

A

2 PYRUVIC ACID molecules

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17
Q

these are RELEASED during glycolysis

A

HYDROGEN IONS & HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS

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18
Q

Hydrogen ions and High-energy (Released during the process) are picked up and temporarily held by an acceptor called ____

A

NAD

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19
Q

HOW MANY STEPS ANG GLYCOLYSIS

A

TEN STEPS

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20
Q

GLYCOLYSIS:
_____ molecule becomes a FRUCTOSE molecule carrying TWO phosphates (P)

A

GLUCOSE

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21
Q

GLYCOLYSIS:
GLUCOSE molecule becomes a _____ molecule carrying TWO phosphates (P)

A

FRUCTOSE

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22
Q

GLYCOLYSIS:
GLUCOSE molecule becomes a FRUCTOSE molecule carrying ____ phosphates (P)

A

TWO

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23
Q

GLYCOLYSIS:
______ molecule is split into TWO 3-carbon fragments called glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GA3P)

A

FRUCTOSE

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24
Q

GLYCOLYSIS:
FRUCTOSE molecule is split into ____ 3-carbon fragments called glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GA3P)

A

TWO

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25
Q

GLYCOLYSIS:
FRUCTOSE molecule is split into TWO 3-carbon fragments called _______

A

GA3P

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26
Q

GLYCOLYSIS:
Some hydrogen, energy, and water are ______ from these 3-carbon fragments

A

REMOVED

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27
Q

glycolysis END PRODUCT

A

PYRUVIC ACID

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28
Q

For every glucose molecule broken down, the NET products are:

A

○ 2 ATP
○ 2 NADH + 2𝐻+
○ 2 molecules of pyruvate

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29
Q

● What is the final product of glycolysis?

A

PYRUVIC ACID

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30
Q

● In what part of the cell does glycolysis take place

A

CYTOPLASM

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31
Q

● How many ATP are produced during the SECOND HALF of glycolysis

A

4 ATP MOLECULES

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32
Q

● How many ATP are produced during the FIRST HALF of glycolysis

A

NONE / 0

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33
Q

● How many ATP are USED during the FIRST half of glycolysis

A

2 ATP USED

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34
Q

In aerobic respiration, Glycolysis is then followed by two major stages:

A

● Citric Acid Cycle
● Electron Transport

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35
Q

STAGE 2 of cellular respiration

A

CITRIC ACID CYCLE
KREBS CYCLE

36
Q

The citric acid cycle was originally named as

A

KREBS CYCLE

37
Q

KREBS CYCLE is also known as

A

CITRIC ACID CYCLE

38
Q

Series of BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS that
are CATALYZED by ENZYMES

A

CITRIC ACID CYCLE
KREBS CYCLE

39
Q

Krebs cycle is named after

A

HANS KREBS

40
Q

CITRIC ACID CYCLE / KREBS CYCLE is also known as

A

TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE

41
Q

CITRIC ACID CYCLE occurs in the fluid matrix located within the ___

A

CRISTAE of MITOCHONDRIA

42
Q

BEFORE ENTERING the CA cycle:
● ________ is released from pyruvic acid that was produced by glycolysis

A

CARBON DIOXIDE

43
Q

Before entering the CA cycle:
● Carbon dioxide is released from pyruvic acid that was produced by glycolysis. Enzymes then convert it to a molecule called

A

ACETYL-CoA

44
Q

CITRIC ACID CYCLE end products

A

2 ATP
6 NADH
2 FADH2

45
Q

● T/F. Not all living things engage in the Krebs cycle.

A

TRUE

46
Q

● T/F. Conversion of Pyruvate to acetyl-CoA is the first event in Krebs cycle.

A

FALSE

47
Q

● Y/N: Is there a production of ATP in Krebs Cycle?

A

YES

48
Q

STAGE 3 of cellular rep

A

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

49
Q

a series of ELECTRON TRANSPORTERS embedded with the INNER MEMBRANE OF MITOCHONDRION

A

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

50
Q

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN:
ETC is used by __________ to create ATP

A

OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION

51
Q

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN:
Oxidative phosphorylation uses ETC to make ATP by the process of ______

A

CHEMIOSMOSIS

52
Q

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN:
Electrons are passed from one member of the transport chain to another in a series of ______

A

REDOX REACTIONS

53
Q

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN:
Electrons are _____ from one member of the transport chain to another in a series of Redox reactions

A

PASSED

54
Q

ELECTRON DONORS consisting of acceptor molecules

A

NADH
FADH2

55
Q

IRON-CONTAINING proteins included in ACCEPTOR molecules

A

CYTOCHROMES

56
Q

electron donors are arranged in a precise sequence on the inner membranes of ____

A

MITOCHONDRIA

57
Q

____ flow through a SERIES OF CARRIER MOLECULES down an energy gradient
● Many of which are part of protein complexes (Complex I - IV)

A

ELECTRONS

58
Q

______ also ACCEPT PROTONS and RELEASE them to the INTERMEMBRANE SPACE of the mitochondrion

A

ELECTRON CARRIERS

59
Q

where does the electron carriers release the protons they accept

A

INTERMMEBRANE SPACE OF MITOCHONDRION

60
Q

BUILDUP OF PROTONS outside the mitochondrial matrix

A

ELECTROCHEMICAL GRADIENT

61
Q

Through chemiosmosis:
● Additional ______ COUPLE the transport of protons BACK INTO THE MATRIX with phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP

A

PROTEIN COMPLEXES

62
Q

_____ stops if there are NO ELECTRON DONORS or ELECTRON ACCEPTOR oxygen molecules

A

PRODUCTION OF ATP

63
Q

In the final step of aerobic respiration:
● _____ acts as the ULTIMATE ELECTRON ACCEPTOR

A

OXYGEN

64
Q

In the final step of aerobic respiration:
● Oxygen produces _____ as it combines with hydrogen

A

WATER H2O

65
Q

A form of respiration taking place in the ABSENCE of OXYGEN

A

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

66
Q

Two forms of fermentation:

A

ALCHOHOL FERMENTATION (plants & fungi)
LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION (bacteria & animals)

67
Q

ALCHOHOL FERMENTATION FORMULA

A

C6H12O6 —> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + ATP

68
Q

LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION FORMULA

A

C6H12O6 —> 2C3H6O3 + ATP

69
Q

STORES energy in sugar molecules

A

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

70
Q

RELEASES energy from sugar molecules

A

RESPIRATION

71
Q

USES CARBON DIOXIDE & WATER

A

PHOTO

72
Q

RELEASES carbon dioxide & water

A

RESPI

73
Q

INCREASES weight

A

PHOTO

74
Q

DECREASES weight

A

RESPI

75
Q

occurs in LIGHT

A

PHOTO

76
Q

occurs in either light or darkness

A

RESPI

77
Q

occurs in cells containing CHLOROPLAST

A

PHOTO

78
Q

occurs in ALL LIVING CELLS

A

RESPI

79
Q

PRODUCES OXYGEN in GREEN ORGANISMS

A

PHOTO

80
Q

UTILIZES OXYGEN

A

RESPI

81
Q

produces ATP with LIGHT ENERGY

A

PHOTO

82
Q

produces ATP with ENERGY RELEASED FROM SUGAR

A

RESPI

83
Q

Optimum temperature is between

A

20 - 30

84
Q

Respiration increases with an increase in ____ content

A

WATER

85
Q

Respiration increases with an increase in _____

A

OXYGEN

86
Q

FACTORS THAT AFFECT RESPIRATION

A

TEMPERATURE
WATER
OXYGEN

BOTANY LEC (20 decks)

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