MOD 10: PHOTOSYNTHESIS Flashcards
● Sum of all the INTERRELATED BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES that take place in a living organism
● ENERGY REQUIRING reaction
METABOLISM
● BUILD UP of molecules
ANABOLISM
● BREAKDOWN of molecules
CATABOLISM
what type of metabolism reaction is PHOTOSYNTHESIS
ANABOLIC
what type of metabolism reaction is CELLULAR RESPIRATION
CATABOLIC
● Process in which electrons TRANSFER ENERGY from one form to another
OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTION
LOSS of one or more electrons
OXIDATION
GAIN of one or more electrons
REDUCTION
SUBSTANCE that GAINS electrons
OXIDIZING AGENT
SUBSTANCE that LOSES electrons
REDUCING AGENT
FORMULA NG PHOTOSYNTHESIS
6CO2 + 12 H20 —> C6H12O6 + 6O2
PHOTO means
LIGHT
SYNTHESIS means
PUTTING TOGETHER
PHOTOSYNTHESIS means
PUTTING TOGETHER WITH LIGHT
● It is a process by which PLANTS MANUFACTURE THEIR OWN FOOD when
they ABSORB LIGHT ENERGY
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
It causes CARBON DIOXIDE and WATER to chemically COMBINE. FORMING GLUCOSE and EXCRETING OXYGEN into the atmosphere
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
anong nagcocombine sa photosynthesis
CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER
PRODUCT ng photosynthesis
GLUCOSE AND OXYGEN
● It is an anabolic, endergonic, Carbon dioxide requiring process
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
○ Uses light energy and water to produce Organic macromolecules (Stored as Carbohydrates)
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
→ gets energy from “SELF”
○ Use LIGHT ENERGY to synthesize
organic molecules
- organisms that CAN MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD
AUTOTROPHS
→ gets energy from EATING OTHERS
○ Consumes organic molecules
- organisms that CANNOT PRODUCE THEIR OWN FOOD
HETEROTROPHS
● Site of Photosynthesis
CHLOROPLAST
CHLOROPLAST contains
STROMA
GRANA
THYLAKOIDS
■ FLUID inside the chloroplast
STROMA
■ STACK OF THYLAKOIDS
GRANA
■ CONTAINS THE CHLOROPHYLL
THYLAKOIDS
● GREEN PIGMENT that captures
light for photosynthesis
CHLOROPLAST
2 STAGES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
LIGHT DEPENDENT
LIGHT INDEPENDENT (CALVIN CYCLE)
● REQUIRES LIGHT
● Involves the HARNESSING OF LIGHT ENERGY
● Occurs in the GRANA (Thylakoid
membrane)
● Byproducts:
○ ATP, NADPH, OXYGEN
LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTION
LIGHT DEPENPENDET REACTION occurs in the
GRANA
BYPRODUCTS OF LIGHT DEPENDENT
ATP
NADPH
OXYGEN
LIGHT DEPENDENT is also referred to as
LIGHT REACTIONS
During the light dependent reactions:
1. Water molecules are ____
SPLIT APART
During the light dependent reactions:
1. when the water molecules are split apart, they release _____
ELECTRONS AND HYDROGEN GAS
WASTE PRODUCT of split water molecules in light dependent
OXYGEN
REPLACES lost electrons by splitting water
PHOTOLYSIS
Electrons from the split water molecules are passed along an ________
ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM
During the light dependent reactions:
Energy-storing _____ molecules are
produced
ATP
EXCITED electrons+additional light energy PROVIDES ENERGY for ADP to become ATP
PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION
During the light dependent reactions:
Some HYDROGEN split from the water molecules is involved in the REDUCTION of NADP to form ______
NADPH
Two types of Photosystems
PS I AND PS II
what photosystem comes first
PS II
3 outputs of light dependent reactions:
OXYGEN
NADPH
ATP
● DOES NOT NEED LIGHT to Occur
● Involves the CREATION OF CARBOHYDRATES
● Occurs in the STROMA
● Also referred to as Dark Reactions
LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTIONS
where does the LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTIONS occur
STROMA
LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTIONS are also referred to as
DARK REACTIONS
CALVIN CYCLE REACTION
KREBS CYCLE
NEEDED products from light reactions to
drive LIGHT INDEPENDENT reaction
ATP
NADPH
3 MAJOR EVENTS in Light INDEPENDENT
Reactions
● Carbon Dioxide Fixation
● Reduction
● Regeneration
● Studied the Light-independent
reactions using a round, flat container
to grow GREEN ALGAE
○ To which he introduced RADIOACTIVE CARBON
MELVIN CALVIN
ano ginamit ni MELVIN CALVIN sa pag study ng light independent reaction
GREEN ALGAE
ano inintroduce ni melvin calvin
RADIOACTIVE CARBON
● Also referred to as PHOTOSYNTHETIC CARBON REDUCTION (PCR) pathway
CALVIN CYCLE
● Also referred to as CALVIN CYCLE pathway
PHOTOSYNTHETIC CARBON REDUCTION
● Is a series of Chemical reactions that
convert CARBON DIOXIDE and HYDROGEN-CARRYING MOLECULES into
GLUCOSE
CALVIN CYCLE
PRODUCT NG LIGHT INDEPENDENT / CALVIN CYCLE
GLUCOSE
ilang molecules ng CO2 yung nasa unang part ng calvin cycle
6 MOLECULES
ENZYME sa CALVIN CYCLE
RUBISCO
→ FIRST STABLE COMPOUND formed in Photosynthesis
3PGA
the formation of 12 3-carbon molecules / 3PGA happens in a process called
CARBON FIXATION
The NADPH and ATP supply energy and electrons that chemically REDUCE the 3PGA to twelve molecules of
GA3P
the SUGAR with which the Calvin cycle was INITIATED
RUBP
ilang turns ng calvin cycle para maproduce ang 1 molecule of glucose
6 TURNS
ATP
ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE
NADPH
NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE
How many GA3P molecules are FORMED by CO2 with RuBP
12 GA3P
How many molecules of GA3P are RECYCLED to regenerate 3 RubP
5 GA3P
How many molecules of ATP are used in THREE TURNS of the Calvin cycle? How about NADPH?
9 ATP ; 6 NADPH
How many CO2, ATP, and NADPH are NEEDED to MAKE 1 molecule of GLUCOSE?
○ 6 molecules of CO2
○ 18 ATP
○ 12 NADPH
○ As LIGHT increases, rate of photosynthesis _____
INCREASES
○ As CO2 increases, rate of photosynthesis _____
INCREASES
○ Low temperature → ____ rate of
photosynthesis
LOW
○ High temperature → ____ rate of photosynthesis
HIGH
○ If temperature is TOO HOT, rate ____
DROPS
● When CO2 CONCETRATION is LOW
PHOTORESPIRATION
○ Rubisco binds O2 instead of CO2
PHOTORESPIRATION
● Wastes energy and reduces sugar synthesis
PHOTORESPRIATION
PROTEINS that SPEED UP the reaction
ENZYMES
GAS EXCHANGE regulation
STOMATA
- stomata
- found UNDER LEAVES
CO2
- UPTAKE FROM ROOTS
H2O
solar collectors
LEAVES
- photosynthetic unit
CHLOROPHYLL
- leaves = solar collectors
SUNLIGHT
mini pathway
sunlight -> stomata -> chloroplast
mini pathway in chloroplast
thylakoid -> stroma
RUBISCO
RIBULOSE BIPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/ OXYGENASE
the string of 3 PHOSPHATE GROUPS is held together by
COVALENT BONDS
