Mitosis and Cytokinesis Flashcards
What does mitosis and cytokinesis do for the cell?
Breaks it into two cells.
Most cells that contain 1.__________ undergo a series of steps, called 2.__________ and 3.______________.
- Nuclei 2. Mitosis 3. cytokinesis
What are the stages of mitosis and cytokinesis called?
Cell division
What were scientists able to observe in the 19th century?
rod-like structures in the nuclei that were noticeable just before the cell split apart.
What are the rod-like structures referred to as?
chromosomes, or colored bodies
What are chromosomes composed of? (also known as)
DNA, also known as hereditary information.
What would happen if there was no DNA?
The instructions for making the cell’s molecules would be lost. There would be no way for a new organism to come to life.
Chromosomes occur in _______.
pairs
What does a chromosome look like?
A very long, double strand of DNA that is wound and coiled around itself until it forms a thick stick.
The number of chromosome 1.________ varies among the species of 2.__________. Members of the same species have 3.___________________.
1.pairs 2. organism 3. number of chromosomes
How much pairs of chromosomes do humans have? How much chromosomes do Wisconsin Fast Plants have?
23, 10
Hereditary units are also called 1._________.
- genes
Each gene on a cell is the code for ___________________.
making a single molecule.
What do molecules working together influence? (provide examples)
Traits, or characteristics (ex. eye color, height, curl of your hair, length of your toes.)
The cell’s 1.____________ has stages, or 2._________. When they are not dividiing, what stage are they in? 3.________.
- life cycle 2. phases 3. interphase
During interphase, what is the cell busy doing?
carrying on their life processes, including growing.
In interphase, the chromosomes are not visible because……..? What are they referred to as in this stage?
They are unwound and stretched out. They are called chromatin.
In interphase the DNA _______.
duplicates
In interphase, what is the cell producing to get ready for mitosis, which is the next phase?
The cell produces necessary organelles for each daughter cell.
What happens to the DNA in mitosis?
The DNA coils and condenses into chromosomes.
The chromosomes detach from each other and separate into the _________________________________________.
the nuclei of what will soon become two new cells.
What are the four stages that scientists describe the process of mitosis as having?
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
All cells have a life cycle, which consists of __________.
stages
In mitosis, what are the two cells called that it divides into?
Daughter cells
The first phase of mitosis is 1._________. In this stage, the chromatin begins to 2._________, 3,___________, and become much 4.__________. Then, a 5.______________________________. Additionally, the nuclear membrane 6.____________. Where do the duplicated chromosomes move toward? 7….
- prophase 2. coil 3. shorten 4. thicker 5. mesh like structure of fibers develops. 6. disintegrates 7. the middle of the cell.
After the stage of prophase occurs, 1.__________ takes place. In this stage, the 2.___________ align exactly 3._________________________.
- Metaphase 2. centromeres 3. in the middle of the cell.
Define centromeres:
The middle of the double-chromosome X
After Metaphase occurs, 1.__________ occurs. In this stage, The duplicated chromosomes 2.___________. The 3.__________, or ___________, shorten, drawing the chromosomes to 4.______________________________.
- Anaphase 2. separate 3. fibers, or spindles 4. opposite ends of the cell.
After anaphase occurs, the last stage of mitosis, called 1.__________, takes place. This stage begins when 2.__________________________. A nuclear envelope forms around each new 3._________.
- telophase 2. each set of chromosomes is safely on its side of the cell. 3. nucleus
After the stage of telophase takes place, mitosis is now __________.
complete
The two nuclei that result from mitosis look 1.___________, meaning their 2.___________________________.
- identical 2. DNA, or genetic material is identical
After mitosis, what is the final step in the process?
Cytokinesis
What do the daughter cells do during cytokinesis?
They split from each other.
In cytokinesis in animals, what happens?
The cell membrane pinches inward and forms two separate daughter cells.
In cytokinesis in plants, what happens?
A cell plate forms in the middle of the cell and grows outwards until it becomes a part of the cell wall between the daughter cells.
