Fungi, Mold, Yeast-Summative Study Guide

Question 0

Why do fungi have to grow where they land?

Answer 0

They root themselves into their food source and once rooted they can’t move from place to place.

Question 1

What are some characteristics of fungi? (List 6)

Answer 1

-Heterotrophic -Disperse themselves by using spores -Can have a parasitic or symbiotic relationship with their host -asexual reproduction -grow best in warm, damp, dark environments -Eukaryotic (have a nucleus)

Question 2

What conditions do fungi best grow in?

Answer 2

They grow best in warm, damp, dark environments.

Question 3

What are some useful roles of fungi?

Answer 3

-Since they are decomposers, they are good recyclers. -Can break down waste and dead organisms. -Turn waste back into organic materials that the environment can use again.

Question 4

Name the five main parts of a mold:

Answer 4

Spores sporangia (sporangium) Sporangiophore Stolon Rhizoids

Question 5

Growth of bread mold: Start off as 1.__________. The spores then grow specialized 2.___________ called 3.____________, that grow like roots of a plant. Other 4.___________ grow on the surface of the bead, forming 5.___________. Other specialized 6._______________________ called 7.__________________ develop from the 8._________. Long stalks grow up from the 9.___________, and then round, reproductive structures called 10.__________ form at the top. These structures create 11._________ and the cycle begins all over again.

Answer 5

1.Spores 2. hyphae 3. Rhizoids 4. Mycelium 5. Stolons 6. reproductive structures 7.Sporangiophore 8. mycelium 9. rhizoids 10. sporangia 11. spores

Question 6

Define fermentation:

Answer 6

Breaking down of nutrients, but no oxygen us needed.

Question 7

Define respiration:

Answer 7

Uses oxygen to get energy from breaking down nutrients in the environment.

Question 8

Describe how you could tell if yeast activity is being promoted:

Answer 8

-Could be a foam column developing -Some form of alcohol is produced -Carbon dioxide could be produced

Question 9

Can yeast cells use any of their byproducts to help them grow or reproduce? How?

Answer 9

The cells can use the alcohol they produce to speed up the reproduction process and grow larger in a faster amount of time.

Question 10

What are yeast cells good at doing? How is this helpful to their surroundings?

Answer 10

They are very good at recycling. They decompose waste and provide nutrients back to the soil and environment.

Question 11

Where would you most likely be able to find yeast cells? (List 5)

Answer 11

Behind ears, scalp, soil, saltwater, Plants, oily surfaces of nose

Question 12

Explain how yeast cells have been helpful to scientists:

Answer 12

They are larger than bacteria but are still fungi, so scientists have been able to research them and learn about both types.

Question 13

What are yeast cells considered to be?

Answer 13

Yeast cells are a form of fungi.

Question 14

What effects can yeast cells have among us?

Answer 14

Yeast Cells normally cause no problems to our bodies, but when we take certain medicines or change our diets, the colonies can multiply rapidly, leading to infections.

Question 15

How are yeast cells used to make bread?

Answer 15

Yeast are added to bread dough and feed on the dough. They reproduce and excrete gas (carbon dioxide), and alcohol. Then, the yeast breaks down this alcohol they’ve produced using oxygen. The bread begins to rise due to the carbon dioxide that is being prouduced. The gas expands at a high temperatures and creates holes where the gas bubbles were when baked.

Question 16

1.__________ is an important part of beer and wines. The 2.________ from certain drinks come from 3.____________________ that gets released when the grapes or malt ferment.

Answer 16

1. Ethanol 2. bubbles 3. Carbon dioxide

Question 17

Research with yeast has led to the early understanding how to…???

Answer 17

Burn sugar with oxygen, developing pasteurization, and the first vaccines, as well as teaching us about enzymes.

Question 18

There are an estimated 1.________________ types of species, and about 2._____________ have been identified.

Answer 18

1. 1.5 million 2. 100,000

Question 19

Is fungi unicellular or multicellular?

Answer 19

Both

Question 20

size of fungi:

Answer 20

Either microscopic or very large

Question 21

Give some examples of fungi: (list 3)

Answer 21

Mushrooms, puffballs, yeasts, lichen, most mildews.

Question 22

What is the body of the fungus made up of?

Answer 22

Many tiny cubes called hyphae, tangled into a thick mass, called mycelium

Question 23

Fungus 1._______ where they 2.________.

Answer 23

1. Live 2. Eat

Question 24

What does fungus release to break down plant and animal matter?

Answer 24

Strong juices

Question 25

Much of the mushroom’s 1.___________ grows below the ground. The part that sprouts above the ground is the 2.________________________, which includes….3.

Answer 25

1. mycelium 2. reproductive structures 3. The familiar umbrella shaped cap supported by a thick stalk.

Question 26

What structures play a similar role to seeds in plants?

Answer 26

Spores

Question 27

Where are spores located?

Answer 27

inside the mushrooms cap.

Question 28

What do spores do when released?

Answer 28

Float away

Question 29

Most spores 1.________, but some land in the right spot allowing them to 2.______________________________.

Answer 29

1. die 2. germinate and grow

Question 30

What three types of hyphae do mold spores use to anchor into the bread?

Answer 30

Rhizoids (below the surface of the bread) Mycelium (on the surface) Stolons (from the mycelium)

Question 31

What gives mold their dark colors?

Answer 31

Sporangia

Question 32

Define symbiotic:

Answer 32

A long-term relationship with another organism, usually one benefits.

Question 33

Define parasitic:

Answer 33

They live on the body of a plant or animal and use it as a food source, usually harming it.

Question 34

What are some types of molds used to make?

Answer 34

Antibiotics, which are medicines that fight bacterial infections.

Question 35

Yeasts help make what drink?

Answer 35

Wine from grape juice.