Fungi, Mold, Yeast-Summative Study Guide Flashcards
Why do fungi have to grow where they land?
They root themselves into their food source and once rooted they can’t move from place to place.
What are some characteristics of fungi? (List 6)
-Heterotrophic -Disperse themselves by using spores -Can have a parasitic or symbiotic relationship with their host -asexual reproduction -grow best in warm, damp, dark environments -Eukaryotic (have a nucleus)
What conditions do fungi best grow in?
They grow best in warm, damp, dark environments.
What are some useful roles of fungi?
-Since they are decomposers, they are good recyclers. -Can break down waste and dead organisms. -Turn waste back into organic materials that the environment can use again.
Name the five main parts of a mold:
Spores sporangia (sporangium) Sporangiophore Stolon Rhizoids
Growth of bread mold: Start off as 1.__________. The spores then grow specialized 2.___________ called 3.____________, that grow like roots of a plant. Other 4.___________ grow on the surface of the bead, forming 5.___________. Other specialized 6._______________________ called 7.__________________ develop from the 8._________. Long stalks grow up from the 9.___________, and then round, reproductive structures called 10.__________ form at the top. These structures create 11._________ and the cycle begins all over again.
1.Spores 2. hyphae 3. Rhizoids 4. Mycelium 5. Stolons 6. reproductive structures 7.Sporangiophore 8. mycelium 9. rhizoids 10. sporangia 11. spores
Define fermentation:
Breaking down of nutrients, but no oxygen us needed.
Define respiration:
Uses oxygen to get energy from breaking down nutrients in the environment.
Describe how you could tell if yeast activity is being promoted:
-Could be a foam column developing -Some form of alcohol is produced -Carbon dioxide could be produced
Can yeast cells use any of their byproducts to help them grow or reproduce? How?
The cells can use the alcohol they produce to speed up the reproduction process and grow larger in a faster amount of time.
What are yeast cells good at doing? How is this helpful to their surroundings?
They are very good at recycling. They decompose waste and provide nutrients back to the soil and environment.
Where would you most likely be able to find yeast cells? (List 5)
Behind ears, scalp, soil, saltwater, Plants, oily surfaces of nose
Explain how yeast cells have been helpful to scientists:
They are larger than bacteria but are still fungi, so scientists have been able to research them and learn about both types.
What are yeast cells considered to be?
Yeast cells are a form of fungi.
What effects can yeast cells have among us?
Yeast Cells normally cause no problems to our bodies, but when we take certain medicines or change our diets, the colonies can multiply rapidly, leading to infections.
How are yeast cells used to make bread?
Yeast are added to bread dough and feed on the dough. They reproduce and excrete gas (carbon dioxide), and alcohol. Then, the yeast breaks down this alcohol they’ve produced using oxygen. The bread begins to rise due to the carbon dioxide that is being prouduced. The gas expands at a high temperatures and creates holes where the gas bubbles were when baked.
1.__________ is an important part of beer and wines. The 2.________ from certain drinks come from 3.____________________ that gets released when the grapes or malt ferment.
- Ethanol 2. bubbles 3. Carbon dioxide
Research with yeast has led to the early understanding how to…???
Burn sugar with oxygen, developing pasteurization, and the first vaccines, as well as teaching us about enzymes.
There are an estimated 1.________________ types of species, and about 2._____________ have been identified.
- 1.5 million 2. 100,000
Is fungi unicellular or multicellular?
Both
size of fungi:
Either microscopic or very large
Give some examples of fungi: (list 3)
Mushrooms, puffballs, yeasts, lichen, most mildews.
What is the body of the fungus made up of?
Many tiny cubes called hyphae, tangled into a thick mass, called mycelium
Fungus 1._______ where they 2.________.
- Live 2. Eat
What does fungus release to break down plant and animal matter?
Strong juices
Much of the mushroom’s 1.___________ grows below the ground. The part that sprouts above the ground is the 2.________________________, which includes….3.
- mycelium 2. reproductive structures 3. The familiar umbrella shaped cap supported by a thick stalk.
What structures play a similar role to seeds in plants?
Spores
Where are spores located?
inside the mushrooms cap.
What do spores do when released?
Float away
Most spores 1.________, but some land in the right spot allowing them to 2.______________________________.
- die 2. germinate and grow
What three types of hyphae do mold spores use to anchor into the bread?
Rhizoids (below the surface of the bread) Mycelium (on the surface) Stolons (from the mycelium)
What gives mold their dark colors?
Sporangia
Define symbiotic:
A long-term relationship with another organism, usually one benefits.
Define parasitic:
They live on the body of a plant or animal and use it as a food source, usually harming it.
What are some types of molds used to make?
Antibiotics, which are medicines that fight bacterial infections.
Yeasts help make what drink?
Wine from grape juice.
