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Parasitology > Mites > Flashcards

Mites Flashcards

1
Q

Are mites arachnids?

A

Yes

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2
Q

How do mites differ from ticks?

A
  • size
  • time/location on host
  • same life cycle stages
  • same aspects of morphology
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3
Q

Mite mouth parts

A

Have structures that will scrape skin, do not penetrate

- feed on skin secretions, or chew on skin

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4
Q

Acariasis

A

Mite infestation

  • young, old, immunocompromised at risk
  • common clinical signs: skin lesions, hair loss, crusty skin
  • diagnostics: skin scrape (important to get deep, mite burrow)
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5
Q

Are mites zoonotic?

A

Yes

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6
Q

Sarcoptes scabiei

A

Host-adapted variants/strains

  • can be zoonotic, humans also have their own variant
  • wide range of hosts (canids, swine, ferrets)
  • severe disease in red foxes, immunocompromised hosts (crusted scabies)
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7
Q

Does Sarcoptes scabiei affect cats?

A

No

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8
Q

S. scabiei motile stages

A

Larvae, nymphal, adult

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9
Q

S. scabiei life cycle

A

Occurs on host, mostly in epidermis over 2-3 weeks

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10
Q

Sarcoptic mange usually affects ______ areas first

A

Hairless

  • papules, erythema, pruritus = hyperkeratosis, alopecia
  • self trauma, secondary infections, crusting
  • may be fatal
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11
Q

Dog

A

Itch mite

- lateral elbows, lateral hocks, edge of pinna

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12
Q

Swine

A

Ears. back

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13
Q

Cattle

A

Barn itch

- abdomen, neck, medial hind legs

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14
Q

Sheep/goats

A

Head scab

- face, ears, ventrum

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15
Q

Horses

A

Neck, shoulders, face

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16
Q

When is Sarcoptes scabiei reportable?

A

Sheep, goats, horses

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17
Q

Sarcoptic mange diagnosis

A 
Skin scrapings (deep)
- negative scrapings NOT conclusive
- PCR
History
Response to treatment
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18
Q

Sarcoptic mange treatment

A

Various acaricides

  • dips
  • avermectins
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19
Q

Notoedres cati

A

Wild or domestic felids

  • lesions begin on ears, face, neck –> feet/perineum
  • thick, scaly skin, alopecia, pruitus –> self trauma, systemic
  • potentially zoonotic
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20
Q

Is N. cati a problem for rabbits?

A

Yes, households with cats and rabbits should treat both

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21
Q

Psoroptes cuniculi

A

Common ear mites

- hosts: rabbits, goats, horses

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22
Q

Psoroptes ovis

A

Cattle, sheep, horses

  • primarily southwest
  • reportable
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23
Q

Psoroptes spp. life cycle

A

Non-burrowing on skin

24
Q

P. ovis of cattle

A

Cattle scab

- back, tail head, shoulders

25
Q

P. ovis of sheep

A

Neck, back

26
Q

P. ovis of horses

A

Base of mane

27
Q

Psoroptes ovis is reportable in

A

Cattle, sheep

28
Q

Chorioptes spp

A

Most common mite of cattle, horses

  • also in small ruminants
  • NOT reportable!
  • chorioptic mange: mild or no clinical signs
  • non-burrowing
29
Q

Chorioptes in cattle

A

Foot and tail mange, tail scab

- base of tail, udder, hind feet

30
Q

Chorioptes in sheep, goats

A

Foot and tail mange

- interdigital, base of tail, scrotum (sheep)

31
Q

Chorioptes in horses

A

Foot mange, itchy leg

  • foot, base of tail
  • especially occurs in draft breeds
32
Q

Otodectes cynotis

A

Dogs, cats, ferrets (is transferable among different animal species)

  • common ear mite
  • mites in external ear canal
33
Q

Ear mites

A

Canals become excessively moist

  • inflammation –> pruritus –> self trauma
  • secondary infection, ruptured ear drum
  • bilateral
34
Q

Purulent black exudate

A

Cerumen

35
Q

Otodectes cynotis - diagnosis

A

Ear swabs

- all dogs, cats in household need to be treated

36
Q

Demodex spp.

A

Most species are normal fauna of skin

  • transmission by direct contact (mother) –> neonate
  • immunosuppression –> overgrowth –> disease
37
Q

Which demodex species is a primary pathogen?

A

D. cornei

38
Q

Demodex life cycle

A

All stages develop on host within hair follicle lumen and sebaceous gland ducts

39
Q

Squamous demodicosis

A

Localized or generalized

  • primarily dogs
  • seen in cats, horses, sheep
  • dry, scaly dermatitis, alopecia
40
Q

Papulonodular demodicosis

A

Cattle, goats, pigs

- hair follicles/glands obstructed –> nodules

41
Q

Localized demodectic mange in dogs

A

Small, well-defined patchy lesions

  • young (less than 1 year)
  • self limiting with spontaneous recovery
42
Q

Generalized demodectic mange in dogs

A

Usually underlying disease

  • large coalescing lesions (pruritus, secondary infection)
  • no age predilection
  • poor prognosis if no aggressive treatment
43
Q

Is demodex pruritic on its own?

A

No, requires secondary infection

44
Q

Feline demodectic mange

A

Rare

  • D. cati is normal flora (eyelids, head, neck)
  • D. gatoi is transmissible = pruritus, superficial (ventrum limbs) –> is a primary pathogen
45
Q

Demodectic mange - cattle

A

Common in pregnant, lactating cows

- nodular, neck, shoulders

46
Q

Demodectic mange - sheep

A

Rare

- diffuse, scaly, neck, flank, shoulders

47
Q

Demodectic mange - goats

A

Young or pregnant

- nodular, face, neck, axilla, udder

48
Q

Demodectic mange - horses

A

Rare, chronic corticosteroids

- diffuse, scaly

49
Q

Demodectic mange - pigs

A

Rare

- nodular, snout

50
Q

Cheyletiella

A

Dog, cats

  • very contagious, potentially zoonotic!
  • walking dandruff
  • nonburrowing
51
Q

Cheyletiella clinical signs

A
  • dogs: exfoliative dermatitis, inflammation, hyperaesthesia

- cats: long haired breeds, similar signs as dog on head/trunk

52
Q

Pneumonyssoides caninum

A

Dog

  • nasal mite!
  • rhinitis, hyperemic mucosa
  • diagnose via rhinoscopy, nasal swab
53
Q

Knemidocoptes mutans

A

Chickens, pet birds

- severe hyperkeratosis

54
Q

Dermanyssus gallinae

A

Chickens, wild birds

- anemia: decreased production

55
Q

Ornithonyssus sylvarium

A

Chickens, turkeys

- anemia: soiled vent feathers

Parasitology (28 decks)

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