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Parasitology > Intro to Helminths > Flashcards

Intro to Helminths Flashcards

1
Q

Are helminths ecto or endoparasites?

A

Endoparasites

  • acanthocephala
  • nematoda
  • platyhelminthes
    • cestoda and trematoda
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2
Q

________ and _______ are long, non segmented

A

Acanthocephalan and nematode

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3
Q

Cestodes have ______ bodies

A

Long, segmented

- flat

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4
Q

Trematodes are _______ shaped

A

Leaf-like/petal shaped

- flat

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5
Q

Acoelomate

A

All parenchyma, no body cavity

  • trematodes
  • cestodes
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6
Q

Pseudocoelomate

A

Have a body cavity, but the mesoderm does not coat the organs (are more likely to move around)

  • nematodes
  • acanthocephalans
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7
Q

Trematodes have a _____ digestive tract

A

Partial

- cecum does not have a direct opening to the outside

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8
Q

Cestodes have _____ digestive tract

A

No!

  • no mouth opening = no digestive tract
  • acquire nutrients via absorption thru integument
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9
Q

Nematodes have a ________ digestive tract

A

Complete

- feeding mechanism with an excretory system

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10
Q

Dioecious

A

Split, separate sexes

  • clear male and female with their own repro organisms
  • thorny headed worms and nemotodes
  • males smaller than females
  • heartworm males have a coiled tail and are smaller
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11
Q

Monoecious

A

Hermaphrodites

  • one body system, one set of repro organisms
  • cestodes: every segment is its own living entity
  • trematodes: contain both sets of repro tracts
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12
Q

General characteristics of nematodes

A
  • long, round, unsegmented
  • pseudocoelomate
  • complete digestive tract
  • dioecious
    (barber pole worm)
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13
Q

General characteristics of cestodes

A
  • long, dorsoventrally flat, segmented
  • acoelomate
  • lack digestive tract
  • monoecious
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14
Q

General characteristics of trematodes

A
  • dorsoventrally flattened, unsegmented
  • acoelomate
  • incomplete digestive tract
  • monoecious
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15
Q

What is the one exception of monoecious trematodes?

A

Schistosomes

  • present in dogs, male and females are separate, but they have a close relationship
  • females lie in canal of the male
  • usually found in veins
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16
Q

General characteristics of acanthocephalans

A
  • long, round, unsegmented
  • pseudocoelomate
  • lack digestive tract
  • dioecious
17
Q

No body cavity, solid with embedded structures, body usually flattened

A

Cestodes and Trematodes

18
Q

Body cavity, coelom or pseudocoelom, body usually cylindrical

A

Acanthocephala and nematoda

19
Q

Anterior end armed with proboscis, no digestive tract

A

Acanthocephala

20
Q

No proboscis, digestive tract present

A

Nematoda

21
Q

No digestive tract, segmented body

A

Cestoda

22
Q

Digestive tract, no segmentation

A

Trematoda

23
Q

Acanthocephala

A

Thorny headed worms

  • long, cylindrical
  • anterior spiny proboscis
  • no digestive tract
  • pseudocoelomates (hydrostatic system)
24
Q

Hydrostatic system

A

Pushes proboscis in and out
- if the worm is in the intestine, then the thorny head is used for attachment = lesion that goes thru the intestine (peritonitis)

25
Q

Acanthocephalans are _______

A

Dioecious

- female is larger!!

26
Q

General acathocephalan life cycle

A

Mature adults in DH intestine, produce eggs –> eggs shed in feces –> eggs in environment, contain acanthor –> IH ingests eggs with acanthor –> acanthor (infective stage) –> acanthella –> cystacanth (infective stage for definitive host) –> DH ingests IH

27
Q

Acanthocephalans cause disease due to their _____

A

Proboscis

  • amount of inflammation or other damage depends on various factors (inclu proboscis morphology)
  • clinical signs are rare unless perforate intestines
28
Q

Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus

A
  • DH: swine
  • IH: grubs (larvae)
  • -> dung beetle, may beetle, water beetle (also adult beetles)
  • may be zoonotic
29
Q

M. hirudinaceus life cycle

A

DH: adult worms in SI –> eggs in environment –> IH: dung beetles –> DH ingests IH
- PPP: 2-3 months

30
Q

M. hirudinaceus pathogenesis and clinical signs

A

Usually asymptomatic

  • possible GI signs
  • enteritis/pain, decrease feeding or weight gain, diarrhea
31
Q

M. hirudinaceus diagnosis

A

Eggs in pig feces, requires dense, high SG float solution
- almond shaped
- multiple layers
- dark brown
Recovery adult throny-headed worms at necropsy

32
Q

Must differentiate M. hirudinaceus from _______

A 
Ascaris suum (nematode)
- look for proboscis
33
Q

M. hirudinaceus treatment and control

A

No approved anthelmintics

  • ivermectin, some benzimidazoles
  • control intermediate hosts
  • regular disposal of feces
34
Q

Macracanthorhynchus ingens

A 
DH: mainly raccoons
IH: milipedes
- similar life cycle to M. hirudinaceus
- no clinical signs
- off-label treatment (ivermectin)
35
Q

Must differentiate Macracanthorhynchus ingens from

A

Cestodes

  • ex: taenia spp in dogs
  • also some large nematodes

Parasitology (28 decks)

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