Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Parasitology > Lungworms > Flashcards

Lungworms Flashcards

1
Q

Lungworm classification

A 
Phylum: Nematoda
Order: Strongylida
Superfamily: Trichostrongyloidea
- Dictyocalus viviparous (cattle and deer)
- Dictyocalus filaria (sheep, goats)
Superfamily: Metastrongyloidea
- Muellerius capillaris (sheep, goats)
- Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (felids)
- Filaroides osleri (canids)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dictyocaulus viviparus - hosts

A

DH: cattle, deer, elk, bison

- sites: trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dictyocaulus viviparus - life cycle

A 
External environment (4-6 days) 
- L1 in feces --> L2 --> L3 ingested alone or on Pilobolus fungus --> L3 penetrates SI, mesenteric LN --> L4 thoracic duct and right heart, lung, alveoli --> +/- ALD --> adults in lumen of bronchial tree --> eggs embryonate (coughed up. swallowed) --> L1 usually hatch in airway or GIT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pilobolus

A

Commonly grows on herbivore manure

  • larval lungworm nematodes excreted by host, climb up Philobolus sporangiophores –> discharged with sporangium
  • exploding fungi spores cast larvae for long distances from cow paddy
  • nematodes complete life cycle when they are ingested by new host
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Dictyocaulus viviparus - pathology

A
  • inflammation of bronchi, plug of eosinophils obstructing small bronhiole
  • collapsed alveoli
  • epithelialized alveoli
  • fibrotic lobes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dictyocaulus viviparus - adult pathology

A

Moderate to heavy infection

  • impaired respiratory function
  • death
  • infections in deer appear to be associated with cross-contamination with infected domestic species (problem in cattle near deer)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Dictyocaulus viviparus - clinical signs

A
  • respiratory: chronic bronchitis, tachypnea, severe dyspnea, extended head, harsh cough
  • anorexia
  • emaciation
  • death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dictyocaulus viviparus - diagnosis

A

L1 in feces!!

  • only L1 of parasitic nematodes found in fresh cattle manure
  • prominent granules, bluntly pointed tail, rounded head, granules
  • males are bursate
  • use Baermann with fresh feces!!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dictyocaulus viviparus - treatment and control

A
  • labeled for cattle: fenbendazole, albendazole, oxfendazole
  • vaccine in Europe
  • -> disadvantages: short shelf life, radiation attenuated, has to be produced annually, uses donor calves, calves must be boosted from natural challenge to maintain protective immunity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dictyocaulus filaria - hosts

A

DH: sheep, goats

  • sites: bronchi and trachea
  • distribution: worldwide, US (NE, central)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Dictyocaulus filaria - life cycle

A

External environment (6-7 days) –> L1 in feces –> L2 –> L3 ensheathed infective stage –> L3 ingested –> L3 penetrates SI, mesenteric LN –> L4 thoracic duct and right heart, lung, alveoli –> +/- ALD, can arrest in L4 or early adults –> adults in lumen of bronchial tree –> eggs embryonate (cough/swallow) –> L1 usually hatch in airway or GIT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dictyocaulus filaria - pathology

A
  • inflammation
  • catarrhal bronchitis
  • atelectasis
  • pneumonia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dictyocaulus filaria - clinical signs

A

Usually mild, unless large infections

  • respiratory: cough, nasal discharge, tachypnea, dyspnea
  • weight loss
  • febrile with secondary infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dictyocaulus filaria - diagnosis

A 
L1 in fresh feces 
- bluntly pointed end
- brownish intestinal granules
- button at mouth
- Baermann
- adults on necropsy
Eggs from sputum/nasal discharge (fully larvated)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Dictyocaulus filaria - treatment and control

A

Labeled for sheep: Albendazole, levamisole, ivermectin, fenbendazole (goats)
- management: avoid moist or contaminated pastures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Muellerius capillaris - host

A

DH: sheep, goats
IH: gastropods (snail, slug)
- site: lungs (parenchyma, bronchioles)
- distribution: worldwide, US

17
Q

Muellerius capillaris - life cycle

A

L1 in feces –> L1 penetrates IH or is swallowed –> L2 –> L3 (infective) –> DH ingests IH –> L3 penetrates gut –> mesenteric LN, heart and lungs –> L4 lung parenchyma –> forms nodules –> adults in nodules in lung parenchyma –> eggs in lung parenchyma –> L1 hatch in lungs –> coughed up and swallowed

18
Q

Muellerius capillaris pathology

A

Not usually pathogenic

  • inflammation
  • small nodular lesions
19
Q

Muellerius capillaris - diagnosis

A

L1 in feces

  • Baermann technique of choice
  • wavy, pointed tail with dorsal spine!!
20
Q

Muellerius capillaris - treatment and control

A

Generally not treated

- could use off label dewormers

21
Q

Aelurstongylus abstrusus - hosts

A

DH: cats
IH: snails, slugs
PH: rodents, birds, amphibians, reptiles
- site: lung parenchyma, terminal respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts in nodules

22
Q

Aelurostrongylus abstrusus - pathology

A
  • subpleural nodules
  • smooth muscle hypertrophy
  • milky lung exudate with eggs and larvae
23
Q

Aelurostrongylus abstrusus - clinical signs

A

Respiratory

  • severe pulmonary disease
  • coughing
  • tachypnea
  • dyspnea
  • sneezing
  • nasal discharge
24
Q

Aelurostrongylus abstrusus - diagnosis

A

L1 in fresh feces
- tail curved, dorsal spine
- Baermann
Adults are thread like

25
Q

Aelurostrongylus abstrusus - treatment and control

A

Off label: fenbendazole, ivermectin

- management: prevent ingestion of intermediate or paratenic host

26
Q

Filaroides osleri - hosts

A

DH: canids, including wild canids

  • site: in nodules and trachea and bronchi!
  • rarely in lungs!!!
27
Q

Filaroides osleri - life cycle

A

L1 and eggs in feces and saliva –> prepatent period of 10 weeks –> DH ingests L1 or L1 in egg –> lymphatic and venous portal systems –> L1-L4 –> migrates to heart and lungs, bronchi, tracheal bifurcation –> adults in nodules in trachea and bronchi
- eggs: larvated, shed in respiratory tract

28
Q

Filaroides osleri - clinical signs

A
  • chronic dry cough
  • severe respiratory distress
  • emaciation
29
Q

Filaroides osleri - pathology

A

Nodules in bifurcation of trachea

30
Q

Filaroides osleri - diagnosis

A

L1: wavy tail kinked, no dorsal spine
- ZnSO4 flotation, NOT Baermann!
Direct smears: confirm by bronchoscopy, lesions observed by bronchoscope are pathognomonic

31
Q

Filaroides osleri - treatment

A

Off label: ivermectin, fenbendazole

  • successful chemotherapy
  • nodules resolve, clinical signs disappear, disappearance of larvae from feces

Parasitology (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions