Misc Textbook pt. 2 Flashcards
What are the two types of infant social fear?
Separation anxiety and Stranger Wariness
What is the definition of temperament?
It is the born differences in emotions, activity, and self-regulation
What are the three proponents of temperament?
- Effortful control
- Negative Mood
- Exuberance
What is synchrony?
It is early parent-child interactions
What are the three aspects of infant social involvement?
- Synchrony
- Attachment
- Social Referencing
What is the hallmark of a social game that has become synchronized?
The infant will anticipate and react to moves
What experiment supports the experience-expectant nature of synchrony?
The still face technique - parent with a still unresponsive face
What two signs indicate attachment?
contact-maintaining and proximity-seeking
What is attachment parenting?
Prioritizing mother-infant relationship
What is the correlation between cesarian births and allergies?
A c-section triples the rate of allergies
What are the three aspects of executive functioning?
Memory, inhibition, and flexibility
When is the vocabulary explosion?
2-6
What is fast mapping?
learning a word after one exposure
What is overregularization?
It is applying the rules of language to too many cases
What are pragmatics?
The adjustment of language depending on the audience
At what Piagetian stage do children start to understand pragmatics?
Preoperational thought
What are the critical ages for emotional regulation?
3-5
What are the two types of motivation?
Intrinsic and Extrinsic
What are the five types of Parten’s stages of play in order?
- Solitary
- Onlooker
- Parallel
- Associative
- Cooperative
What is the developmental problem associated with high screen time?
Less active play
What does rough and tumble play help develop?
A connection between the limbic system and prefrontal cortex
What is sociodramatic play?
It is the acting out of roles and plots
What correlation is found between corporal punishment and adult temperament?
Spanking leads to agressiveness
What is empathy linked to?
Prosocial behaviour
What is the significant problem associated with childhood asthma described in the textbook?
Frequent absence from school
What is the hygiene hypothesis?
The immune system not having interaction with microbes when young leads to poorer immune response when older.
Define comorbidity
More than one disorder is present in the same person
Do IQ tests aim to measure aptitude or achievement?
Aptitude
What are the three learning disorders discussed in class?
Autism, specific learning disorders, and ADHD
What is parentification?
It is when a child feels responsible for the whole family
What is child culture?
It is the customs passed down from young children to younger ones
What are the three problems peer rejected children usually face?
- Misinterpret Social Situations
- Lack emotional Regulation
- Experience mistreatment at home
What is the purpose of bullying in middle childhood?
Status amongst peers
What are the three moral imperatives of child culture?
- Defend your friends
- Don’t tell adults
- Conform to standards
Is retribution or restitution more morally advanced?
Restitution
What is the first period of a girl and first ejaculation of a boy called?
Menarche and spermarche
What gland in the brain releases hormones?
The pituitary
What are the two hormone pathways from the brain to the body?
Hypothalamus - Pituitary - adrenal gland OR gonad
In puberty, which areas of the brain grow faster?
Instinctual/Emotional faster than reflective/analytic
How does stress effect puberty timing?
It makes it come earlier
Which organ is the only one that decreases in size during puberty?
The lymphoid system
Define child sexual abuse
Any sexual activity between a minor and an adult
What is the cohort trend for sexual activity in teens?
It is decreasing over time
Why are STI number higher in adolescents?
The vaginal secretions are less in pubescent children, also a lack of awareness/shame leads to no treatment
What is adolescent egocentrism?
It is when adolescents focus on themselves and what other think of them
What is rumination?
It is obsessive overthinking about self-focused concerns.
What is the name for the phenomenon resulting from egocentrism in adolescence?
Imaginary Audience
What is a personal fable?
The belief that one s unique and destined to have a fabled life
What is role confusion?
A lack of commitment to goals or values.
What is foreclosure?
It is the acceptance of values without questioning or analysis
What is coercive joining?
when two people make derogatory comments about a third
When is the risk greatest for self-harm?
Right after puberty
What is MDD?
Major depressive disorder, just major depression
When is the prevalence and incidence of arrest the highest?
Adolescence
What are the two distinctions of teenage law-breakers?
Adolescence-limited law breakers and life course persistent offenders
What drug type is most accessible to the youngest adolescents?
Inhalants
What should parents balance in terms of their children?
Lenience and Control
Why is there a struggle between adolescents and parents?
Adolescents struggle for independence
What is familism?
The belief that one should sacrifice everything for family
How do adolescents choose peers?
Similarity
What ways can adolescents learn about sex?
Media, Parents, Peers, Educators
How can we rate media’s helpfulness to adolescents about sexual education?
It is a poor helper
What is the difference in sexual activity onset between children with teachings on abstinence and on comprehensive sexual education?
Onset is the same
Why are cluster suicides a problem in adolescents?
The are emotional and egocentric, adolescents are particularly affected by news of a suicide
What is a Piagetian stage proposed fifth stage?
Postformal thought, more complex formal operational
What is adult cognition?
Combination of logic and experience
What trend is a sign of postformal thinking in mate selection?
Intermarriage is a type of consideration of nuanced compatibility.
Define moratorium
It is a pause in the pursuit of identity achievement by doing something else, ie. a gap year
What are Sternberg’s 3 postulates of relationships?
Intimacy, passion, and commitment
What trend is observed in cohabitation (unmarried)?
It has increased over the last 50 years over every demographic
What is the studied advantage and disadvantage (2) to cohabitation?
Advantage: economic
Disadvantage: Poorer child-rearing without marriage, also a higher incidence of partner violence
What are the two forms of couple abuse?
Situational couple violence - both partners fight
intimate terrorism - power imbalance
Generally at what period in life do people make the most friends?
Emerging adulthood
What demographics have the highest rates of loneliness?
Young adults and over 80
What is self-concept, when does it emerge, and how does it change with age?
It is how one defines oneself, and develops through middle childhood. They become more specific and logical in adolescence.
