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PSY 2114 > Misc Textbook pt. 2 > Flashcards

Misc Textbook pt. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of infant social fear?

A

Separation anxiety and Stranger Wariness

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2
Q

What is the definition of temperament?

A

It is the born differences in emotions, activity, and self-regulation

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3
Q

What are the three proponents of temperament?

A
  1. Effortful control
  2. Negative Mood
  3. Exuberance
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4
Q

What is synchrony?

A

It is early parent-child interactions

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5
Q

What are the three aspects of infant social involvement?

A
  1. Synchrony
  2. Attachment
  3. Social Referencing
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6
Q

What is the hallmark of a social game that has become synchronized?

A

The infant will anticipate and react to moves

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7
Q

What experiment supports the experience-expectant nature of synchrony?

A

The still face technique - parent with a still unresponsive face

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8
Q

What two signs indicate attachment?

A

contact-maintaining and proximity-seeking

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9
Q

What is attachment parenting?

A

Prioritizing mother-infant relationship

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10
Q

What is the correlation between cesarian births and allergies?

A

A c-section triples the rate of allergies

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11
Q

What are the three aspects of executive functioning?

A

Memory, inhibition, and flexibility

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12
Q

When is the vocabulary explosion?

A

2-6

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13
Q

What is fast mapping?

A

learning a word after one exposure

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14
Q

What is overregularization?

A

It is applying the rules of language to too many cases

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15
Q

What are pragmatics?

A

The adjustment of language depending on the audience

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16
Q

At what Piagetian stage do children start to understand pragmatics?

A

Preoperational thought

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17
Q

What are the critical ages for emotional regulation?

A

3-5

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18
Q

What are the two types of motivation?

A

Intrinsic and Extrinsic

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19
Q

What are the five types of Parten’s stages of play in order?

A
  1. Solitary
  2. Onlooker
  3. Parallel
  4. Associative
  5. Cooperative
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20
Q

What is the developmental problem associated with high screen time?

A

Less active play

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21
Q

What does rough and tumble play help develop?

A

A connection between the limbic system and prefrontal cortex

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22
Q

What is sociodramatic play?

A

It is the acting out of roles and plots

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23
Q

What correlation is found between corporal punishment and adult temperament?

A

Spanking leads to agressiveness

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24
Q

What is empathy linked to?

A

Prosocial behaviour

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25
Q

What is the significant problem associated with childhood asthma described in the textbook?

A

Frequent absence from school

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26
Q

What is the hygiene hypothesis?

A

The immune system not having interaction with microbes when young leads to poorer immune response when older.

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27
Q

Define comorbidity

A

More than one disorder is present in the same person

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28
Q

Do IQ tests aim to measure aptitude or achievement?

A

Aptitude

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29
Q

What are the three learning disorders discussed in class?

A

Autism, specific learning disorders, and ADHD

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30
Q

What is parentification?

A

It is when a child feels responsible for the whole family

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31
Q

What is child culture?

A

It is the customs passed down from young children to younger ones

32
Q

What are the three problems peer rejected children usually face?

A
  1. Misinterpret Social Situations
  2. Lack emotional Regulation
  3. Experience mistreatment at home
33
Q

What is the purpose of bullying in middle childhood?

A

Status amongst peers

34
Q

What are the three moral imperatives of child culture?

A
  1. Defend your friends
  2. Don’t tell adults
  3. Conform to standards
35
Q

Is retribution or restitution more morally advanced?

A

Restitution

36
Q

What is the first period of a girl and first ejaculation of a boy called?

A

Menarche and spermarche

37
Q

What gland in the brain releases hormones?

A

The pituitary

38
Q

What are the two hormone pathways from the brain to the body?

A

Hypothalamus - Pituitary - adrenal gland OR gonad

39
Q

In puberty, which areas of the brain grow faster?

A

Instinctual/Emotional faster than reflective/analytic

40
Q

How does stress effect puberty timing?

A

It makes it come earlier

41
Q

Which organ is the only one that decreases in size during puberty?

A

The lymphoid system

42
Q

Define child sexual abuse

A

Any sexual activity between a minor and an adult

43
Q

What is the cohort trend for sexual activity in teens?

A

It is decreasing over time

44
Q

Why are STI number higher in adolescents?

A

The vaginal secretions are less in pubescent children, also a lack of awareness/shame leads to no treatment

45
Q

What is adolescent egocentrism?

A

It is when adolescents focus on themselves and what other think of them

46
Q

What is rumination?

A

It is obsessive overthinking about self-focused concerns.

47
Q

What is the name for the phenomenon resulting from egocentrism in adolescence?

A

Imaginary Audience

48
Q

What is a personal fable?

A

The belief that one s unique and destined to have a fabled life

49
Q

What is role confusion?

A

A lack of commitment to goals or values.

50
Q

What is foreclosure?

A

It is the acceptance of values without questioning or analysis

51
Q

What is coercive joining?

A

when two people make derogatory comments about a third

52
Q

When is the risk greatest for self-harm?

A

Right after puberty

53
Q

What is MDD?

A

Major depressive disorder, just major depression

54
Q

When is the prevalence and incidence of arrest the highest?

A

Adolescence

55
Q

What are the two distinctions of teenage law-breakers?

A

Adolescence-limited law breakers and life course persistent offenders

56
Q

What drug type is most accessible to the youngest adolescents?

A

Inhalants

57
Q

What should parents balance in terms of their children?

A

Lenience and Control

58
Q

Why is there a struggle between adolescents and parents?

A

Adolescents struggle for independence

59
Q

What is familism?

A

The belief that one should sacrifice everything for family

60
Q

How do adolescents choose peers?

A

Similarity

61
Q

What ways can adolescents learn about sex?

A

Media, Parents, Peers, Educators

62
Q

How can we rate media’s helpfulness to adolescents about sexual education?

A

It is a poor helper

63
Q

What is the difference in sexual activity onset between children with teachings on abstinence and on comprehensive sexual education?

A

Onset is the same

64
Q

Why are cluster suicides a problem in adolescents?

A

The are emotional and egocentric, adolescents are particularly affected by news of a suicide

65
Q

What is a Piagetian stage proposed fifth stage?

A

Postformal thought, more complex formal operational

66
Q

What is adult cognition?

A

Combination of logic and experience

67
Q

What trend is a sign of postformal thinking in mate selection?

A

Intermarriage is a type of consideration of nuanced compatibility.

68
Q

Define moratorium

A

It is a pause in the pursuit of identity achievement by doing something else, ie. a gap year

69
Q

What are Sternberg’s 3 postulates of relationships?

A

Intimacy, passion, and commitment

70
Q

What trend is observed in cohabitation (unmarried)?

A

It has increased over the last 50 years over every demographic

71
Q

What is the studied advantage and disadvantage (2) to cohabitation?

A

Advantage: economic
Disadvantage: Poorer child-rearing without marriage, also a higher incidence of partner violence

72
Q

What are the two forms of couple abuse?

A

Situational couple violence - both partners fight
intimate terrorism - power imbalance

73
Q

Generally at what period in life do people make the most friends?

A

Emerging adulthood

74
Q

What demographics have the highest rates of loneliness?

A

Young adults and over 80

75
Q

What is self-concept, when does it emerge, and how does it change with age?

A

It is how one defines oneself, and develops through middle childhood. They become more specific and logical in adolescence.

76
Q
A

PSY 2114 (16 decks)

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