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PSY 2114 > Lec 10 > Flashcards

Lec 10 Flashcards

Adolescence

1
Q

How much earlier than boys do girls typically begin puberty?

A

2 yrs

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2
Q

What hormones are purposed towards body growth?

A

Growth hormones (GH), and thyroxine

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3
Q

What sex hormones are released during puberty?

A

Boys = testosterone
Girls = estrogen

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4
Q

What body proportions change in puberty?

A

The hands, feet, and legs grows first (reverse cephalocaudal)
Boys= Shoulders >hips
Girls = Hips > waist/shoulders

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5
Q

What % of boys reported PED use?

A

2-8%

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6
Q

What is involvement in sports correlated with (positive)?

A

Cognitive, social, motor development benefits
Peer admiration / Self-esteem

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7
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary sex characteristics?

A
  1. Changes to reproductive organs
  2. Visible on outside of body
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8
Q

What is the phase shift production of melatonin associated with puberty?

A

Some adolescents have a phase shift later (night owls)

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9
Q

What are the two types of sleep phase delay?

A
  1. Biological
  2. Behavioural (schedule/light exposure)
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10
Q

What are some reasons teens are so moody?

A
  1. May be the hormones
  2. Also facing negative life experiences
  3. Lots of expectation to live up to the cultural expectation
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11
Q

What brain development is linked with adolescence? (4)

A
  1. Pruning of unused synapses
  2. Growth/myelination of fibers
  3. Links between brain areas
  4. Neurons are more responsive to excitatory NTs
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12
Q

What is a reasonable explanation for parent-adolescent conflict?

A

In evolution, children would leave the family to reproduce at this age

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13
Q

What gender of child is more likely to have parental conflict, why?

A

Girls because maybe parents are more restrictive

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14
Q

What were the results of the pubertal timing survey?

A
  1. harsh maternal control accelerated the onset of puberty in girls
  2. Positive family experiences dud not predict timing
  3. The biggest factor was biological, parental timing of puberty.
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15
Q

What does familiar instability lead to in boys?

A

It tends to lead to earlier puberty.

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16
Q

What is life history theory?

A

There is a trade off between growth (somatic effort) or sexual maturity (reproductive effort)

17
Q

What were the three measures tested in the life history theory study?

A
  1. Environmental harshness
  2. Environmental unpredictability
  3. Maternal Attachment
18
Q

What was the result of the Life History Theory Study?

A

Unpredictable environment has no effect, environmental harshness would lead to an earlier menarche if no secure attachment to mother

19
Q

What are the effects of early maturation?

A

Males tend to do well socially, females tend to have emotional and social difficulty

20
Q

What do early puberty, poor body image, and family focus on weight constitute risk factors for?

A

Eating disorders

21
Q

What is anorexia (nervosa)

A

Excessive limitation of food intake by a compulsive fear of getting fat

22
Q

What are the social risks of early maturation?

A

Tend to seek out older groups with a social disconnect

23
Q

What percent of anorexia patients are male?

A

10%

24
Q

What is the treatment for anorexia?

A

(family) Therapy, hospitalization, medication

25
Q

What effect did deep brain stimulation have on anorexic patients? What does it do?

A

It is the electric stimulation of anxiety/mood, and could benefit anorexia patients, where 3/6 patients gained weight and improved their mood

26
Q

What is bulimia

A

Strict dieting/exercising and then binge eating and then purging by laxatives and vomiting

27
Q

What mental driving force is behind bulimia?

A

A pathological anxiety about weight gain.

28
Q

What are the risk factors for bulimia?

A

Genetics, overweight, early puberty, risk-takers, sensation-seekers

29
Q

What is the difference in treatment between bulimia and anorexia?

A

Bulimia generally is a shameful subject, which makes it easier to treat than anxiety which is sometimes seen as a prideful point

30
Q

What is the treatment for bulimia?

A

Support groups, nutrition education, medication

31
Q

How many active teenagers use consistent contraception?

A

roughly 80%

32
Q

What are two factors affecting sexual activity?

A

Early activity easier among low SES teens, and living in a hazardous neighbourhood

33
Q

What are risk factors for adolescent parenthood?

A
  1. Low SES
  2. Ethnic minority and low income
  3. Parent had adolescent preganancy
34
Q

What are general outcomes of adolescent parents?

A

Chance of completing high school decreases, higher rate of divorce/ lower of marriage, more likely to have poor/no job

35
Q
A

PSY 2114 (12 decks)

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