Lecture 5 Flashcards
What are the three components of emotions? Give one example each
- Physiological (heart rate)
- Expressive (facial expression)
- Experiential (feelings)
What are Ekman’s 6 basic emotions according to his model, and what does he model about its canalization?
- Happiness
- Anger
- Sadness
- Fear
- disgust
- surprise
They are all universal/innate
What is the difference between primary and secondary emotion?
Secondary emotion is self conscious and arrives in the second year of life
Primary emotion emerges at 2-7 mos
What is the order of appearance of the basic emotions?
- Happiness
- Anger
- Fear
What is is called when infants use the emotions of adults to regulate their behaviours?
Social referencing
What are the two categories of infant emotional regulation?
Do it yourself, and parental help
What are 4 reasons emotional regulation relies less on parents as infants age?
- They implement cognitive strategies i.e.. delulu
- They use language to express and regulate emotions
- They learn consequences of emotional outburst
- Physical growth/maturation (frontal lobe)
What are the two types of smile? When does the second type occur and how do they differ?
Reflex smile, and social smile occurs between 6-10 weeks and is a result of stimulus
What sex assigned at birth generally smiles more?
Girls
When is anger thought to be recorded first?
2-6 ish months, hard to tell
When do infants exhibit fear of strangers?
Around 6 mos
What characteristics do babies react less to?
Babies perceive children as less threatening, and obv friendly acting people
What two contexts are studied that influence baby reactions to strangers?
- Familiar setting
- Social referencing is important
What is a purpose of secondary emotion?
It helps to develop socially-appropriate behaviour
What does the Harlow-Zimmerman experiment demonstrate?
Monkeys fed by wire “moms” will still prefer cloth ones, this suggests an innate tendency for attachment to certain traits
What are the 4 results of the strange situation experiment?
- Secure attachment
- Insecure-Avoidant
- Insecure-Resistant
- Insecure-Disorganized
What strange situation test results are associated with Secure attachment? What are the trends in development associated with this?
Children will be upset when parents leave, and will be consolable upon return. Children in this category have less psychopathologies, and are better able to cope with issues later in life.
What strange situation test results are associated with insecure avoidant children? What are the trends in development associated with this?
Children will be indifferent to parents leaving or entering. This is associated with non-anxiety related disorders, and problems forming attachment and seeking support.
What strange situation test results are associated with insecure resistant children? What are the trends in development associated with this?
Children are clingy in the absence of the parent and inconsolable on return. These children are more likely to develop anxiety-related disorders and are more dependent on adults.
What strange situation test results are associated with insecure disorganized children? What are the trends in development associated with this?
These children show contradictory behaviour on return. These children are correlated with the most insecurity, most behavioral problems, and a greater risk for less common types of psychopathologies.
What is a criticism of the extrapolation of attachment studies?
This is all done with North American culture. Cultural practices may impact the measurement of attachment.
