Midterm 1 Misc Textbook Flashcards
What is the difference between a sensitive period and a critical period?
Sensitive period is when smth is supposed to happen, critical period is when it has to happen to have development
What are the ecological systems that define developmental context?
Microsystem - immediate close people
Mesosystem- institutions
Macrosystem - culture, economics, etc.
Distinguish accommodation from assimilation in a Piagetian sense
Assimilation is the fitting of an idea into a scheme that already exists, accommodation is changing a scheme to “accommodate” new information
What are the three “methods of science”?
- Observation
- Experiments
- The survey
What is the advantage of qualitative research?
It takes into account cultural and contextual diversity.
Define epigenetics
It is the study of how environment affects genetic expression
What does methylation describe?
The idea that methyl is a chemical that continuously and plastically effects gene expressionW
What percentage of zygotes are not able to grow at each stage?
Germinal stage lose 65 % of zygotes
Embryonic stage loses 20% “early miscarriage”
Fetus 5% spontaneous abortion or still born child
What is the age of viability?
When the fetus is able to survive even if prematurely born
What is a fontanel and how does it relate to a preterm baby?
Fontanel is the unfused crown of the head to fit through the birth canal, preterm babies do not have it fully developed so higher risk of brain bleed
What are the two neural tube defects?
Spina bifida = caudal
anencephaly = cranial
What are the drawbacks of a cesarian?
breast feeding is harder after + more complications
Babies obese + asthma
What does the NBAS assess?
The reflexes of newborns
What are some early signs of postpartum depression?
Euphoria after birth
inability to function normally
At what point does the mother usually overcome postpartum depression?
6 months
What is covuade?
Paternal experiences of pregnancy…
What is the drawback of bed-sharing?
There is an increased risk of SIDS
What is transient exuberance?
It is the rapid growth of dendrites early in life.
What is the difference between experience-expectant and experience-dependent growth?
Experience expectant means that the developmental experiences to build this growth is a basic common experience that is needed to develop, experience dependent functions depend on particular specific niche experiences that not ever person will have
What are the consequences of shaken baby syndrome?
Broken blood vessels in the brain and broken nervous connections can lead to lifelong neurological stuntedness or even death
What is a gross motor skill?
Deliberate movements that produce large movements
How much do newborn infants sleep?
15-17 hrs a day
What is binocular vision and why is it not developed immediately at birth?
It is the usage of both eyes to see one image, and is impossible in the womb.
What assumptions are made about infant pain?
It is present but less intense than adult pain.
How many stages sensorimotor intelligence did Piaget describe?
6, grouped into primary, secondary, and tertiary circular reactions
What are Piaget’s first two stages of sensorimotor intelligence?
Reflexes, and then first acquired adaptations
What are Piaget’s secondary circular reactions?
Making sights last (responding) and new adaptations and anticipation
What are Piaget’s tertiary circular reactions?
Experimentation and mental combinations (memory)
When is gesturing generally introduced to a baby? What example does the textbook use for gesturing?
Pointing is a form of gesturing and is generally introduced around 6-12 mos.
What are the two ways immunization can occur?
Recovery from illness or vaccination
What is herd immunity?
The vaccination of most people stops transmission so it is not a problem for the less-able
What is idea nutrition for a newborn?
Only breastfeeding
