Lec 9

Question 1

What are “popular” kids good at? (3)

Answer 1

1. Initiating interaction
2. Maintaining Interaction
3. Resolving Conflict

Question 2

What are the three types of poor peer relations? How do they score on peer relations tests?

Answer 2

1. Rejected Child (disliked by many)
2. Neglected Child (Few nominations)
3. Controversial Child (Lots of likes and dislikes)

Question 3

What are the two types of rejected child?

Answer 3

Aggressive-rejected (aggressive, disruptive)
Withdrawn-Rejected (unhappy, anxious)

Question 4

What are typical characteristics of controversial children?

Answer 4

High on aggression and high on sociability

Question 5

Define bullying

Answer 5

Intentional, repeated behaviour against weaker individuals for social power or status

Question 6

What are the 4 types of bullying and are they overt or covert?

Answer 6

1. Physical (overt)
2. Verbal (overt)
3. Relational (covert) (excluding)
4. Cyberbullying

Question 7

What are some differences between cyberbullying and traditional bullying?

Answer 7

1. Anonymity
2. It can happen 24/7
3. Victims are at risk of losing privileges if reporting

Question 8

What are characteristics of Erikson’s Cognitive Theory?

Answer 8

It is a stage like development of lifelong development where individuals need to resolve conflict to develop

Question 9

At what ages will children BE ABLE TO begin categorizing things into concepts such as gender?

Answer 9

2

Question 10

What is CAH?

Answer 10

It is the overproduction of androgens in females

Question 11

What is an andorgen?

Answer 11

A male sex hormone

Question 12

What does exposing animals prenatally to androgens lead to?

Answer 12

More male-type behaviour

Question 13

What does CAH stand for?

Answer 13

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Question 14

What does CAH lead to physically in women?

Answer 14

1. Ambiguous genitals
2. More hair and acne
3. Rapid growth during childhood

Question 15

What does CAH lead to behaviourally in women?

Answer 15

Male typical play, and reduced female activities

Later in life the pattern is the same too

Question 16

How do parents influence the gender typing of kids?

Answer 16

1. They supply different expectations
2. They buy different toys
3. They interact more when the child engages in gender-typical activities

Question 17

How do peers influence gender typing?

Answer 17

They praise gender typical activity and ridicule cross gender activity

Question 18

What are the 4 ways to decrease gender typing?

Answer 18

1. Model atypical gender behaviour
2. Provide toys for both genders
   3 Minimize language and media perpetuating gender stereotypes
3. Point out exceptions to gender stereotypes

Question 19

When are peer relations increasingly important?

Answer 19

7-9 years old

Question 20

What do peer relations consist of between 7-9 years of age?

Answer 20

1. Seeking to be included
2. Expecting prosocial behaviour from friends

Question 21

What do peer relations consist of in early adolesence?

Answer 21

Hanging out in cliques (small groups of 5-10 with shared interests)

Question 22

What do peer relations consist of in high school?

Answer 22

crowds with social identity

Question 23

Why are peers important to children?

Answer 23

1. They model behaviour
2. They reinforce or punish behaviour
3. Social comparison

Question 24

What are the three reasons for friendship formation in middle childhood?

Answer 24

Proximity, similarity, and trust

Question 25

What are the three benefits of friendship in adolesence?

Answer 25

1. Self-Esteem
2. Prosocial behaviour
3. Conflict Resolution