Lecture 8 Flashcards
Middle Childhood
What Piagetian stage is associated with 7-11 yrs old?
Concrete operational stage
What is the description of the concrete operational stage?
The child acquires conservation and can reason logically with a real world example.
What is decentration?
The ability to consider multiple aspects of a situation
What is the first form of conservation achieved?
Conservation of number
What is the organization of things into hierarchies and classes called?
Categorization
What is seriation?
The ordering of stimuli along a quantitative dimension
What is transitive inference?
The combination of relations in a logical sense. If AB is true and BC is true, AC is true
What ability is associated with the “Mental Walk”?
Spatial reasoning
What do concrete operational kids struggle with?
Doing things in their mind (abstract thinking) ie. transitive inference without pictures, or negative numbers
What is Piaget’s final stage of cognitive development? What years does it encompass?
The formal operational stage (11-12 years)
What is the classic example of formal thought?
Hypothetical-Deductive reasoning (a logical system for testing hypotheses)
What is propositional thought?
There can be logic to statements that are not real-world circumstances, there is reasoning in hypothetical/imaginary statements
What is the consistent pattern across Piaget stages?
He underestimates kids
Does modern theory support stage like or continuous development?
It is a combination of the two with social/cultural /interventional influences
What are the three subcategories of differences in cognition?
- ADHD
- Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Learning Disorders
What are the three subcategories of learning disorder (with explanations?)
- Dyslexia (difficulty reading)
- Dysgraphia (difficulty writing)
- Dyscalculia (difficulty with mathematics)
Why is ADHD not technically a deficit?
It is more of a lack of control over action.
What is a possible explanation of why ADHD is more commonly diagnosed in men?
It presents differently by gender
What are some social impairments of austism?
Emotional Understanding,
Theory of Mind, language use
What is the medical brain biology difference of children with autism?
There are differences in neural communication and brain structure
Why is autism considered a spectrum?
There are a multitude of symptoms that show up in subjective combinations
What are some small risk factors of autism?
- Increased parental age
- Genetics
- Pregnancy/Birth complications
How early are learning disorders diagnosed?
2 years old when social behaviours arise
What metabolic differences potentially lead to learning disorders?
toxins in the CNS
What is the main hypothesis for increase in the diagnoses of learning disorders? What are some other hypotheses?
increase in awareness/diagnosis criteria
Toxins
Metabolic differences
Genetics
