Lecture 8

Question 1

What Piagetian stage is associated with 7-11 yrs old?

Answer 1

Concrete operational stage

Question 2

What is the description of the concrete operational stage?

Answer 2

The child acquires conservation and can reason logically with a real world example.

Question 3

What is decentration?

Answer 3

The ability to consider multiple aspects of a situation

Question 4

What is the first form of conservation achieved?

Answer 4

Conservation of number

Question 5

What is the organization of things into hierarchies and classes called?

Answer 5

Categorization

Question 6

What is seriation?

Answer 6

The ordering of stimuli along a quantitative dimension

Question 7

What is transitive inference?

Answer 7

The combination of relations in a logical sense. If AB is true and BC is true, AC is true

Question 8

What ability is associated with the “Mental Walk”?

Answer 8

Spatial reasoning

Question 9

What do concrete operational kids struggle with?

Answer 9

Doing things in their mind (abstract thinking) ie. transitive inference without pictures, or negative numbers

Question 10

What is Piaget’s final stage of cognitive development? What years does it encompass?

Answer 10

The formal operational stage (11-12 years)

Question 11

What is the classic example of formal thought?

Answer 11

Hypothetical-Deductive reasoning (a logical system for testing hypotheses)

Question 12

What is propositional thought?

Answer 12

There can be logic to statements that are not real-world circumstances, there is reasoning in hypothetical/imaginary statements

Question 13

What is the consistent pattern across Piaget stages?

Answer 13

He underestimates kids

Question 14

Does modern theory support stage like or continuous development?

Answer 14

It is a combination of the two with social/cultural /interventional influences

Question 15

What are the three subcategories of differences in cognition?

Answer 15

1. ADHD
2. Autism Spectrum Disorder
3. Learning Disorders

Question 16

What are the three subcategories of learning disorder (with explanations?)

Answer 16

1. Dyslexia (difficulty reading)
2. Dysgraphia (difficulty writing)
3. Dyscalculia (difficulty with mathematics)

Question 17

Why is ADHD not technically a deficit?

Answer 17

It is more of a lack of control over action.

Question 18

What is a possible explanation of why ADHD is more commonly diagnosed in men?

Answer 18

It presents differently by gender

Question 19

What are some social impairments of austism?

Answer 19

Emotional Understanding,
Theory of Mind, language use

Question 20

What is the medical brain biology difference of children with autism?

Answer 20

There are differences in neural communication and brain structure

Question 21

Why is autism considered a spectrum?

Answer 21

There are a multitude of symptoms that show up in subjective combinations

Question 22

What are some small risk factors of autism?

Answer 22

1. Increased parental age
2. Genetics
3. Pregnancy/Birth complications

Question 23

How early are learning disorders diagnosed?

Answer 23

2 years old when social behaviours arise

Question 24

What metabolic differences potentially lead to learning disorders?

Answer 24

toxins in the CNS

Question 25

What is the main hypothesis for increase in the diagnoses of learning disorders?

Answer 25

increase in awareness/diagnosis criteria