Lecture 6 Flashcards
In terms of childhood weight/height curves, what is the main concern of a physician?
That a child stays on the same part of the curve, not that they are in the middle
What are short term risks associated with childhood obesity? (8)
- Blount’s disease
- Asthma
- Sleep disturbance
- Intracranial pressure increase
- Gallstones
- Hepatitis
- Diabetes
- Menstrual abnormalities
What are long term risks associated with childhood obesity? (5)
- Premature death
- heart disease
- stroke
- osteoarthritis
- cancer
What are social risks associated with childhood obesity? (5)
- Discrimination
- Stereotyping
- Unpopular amongst peers
- Problems with body image
- Long term affects on salary, academics
What are three statistics related to female “fear of fatness”
50% of girls grades 1-3 would like to be thinner
50% of 3rd grade girls have tried a diet
70% of adolescents have attempted to lose weight
What years of Piaget’s models include the preoperational thought stage?
Years 2-7
What are two main operations of the Pre-operational thought stage?
- Thinking and limited representation
2.Symbolic activity
What is centration?
The tendency of children to focus on one thing at a time
What are the three proofs that 2-7 year old can form only limited representation?
- Centration
- Fooled by appearances
- Egocentric
What are three proofs that 2-7 year old can utilize symbolic activity?
- Language
- Deferred Imitation
- Make-Believe Play
What is animistic thinking?
Applying human characteristics to inanimate objects
What does the snoopy test test?
Dual representation: viewing something as an object and a symbol
What is egocentrism?
All of my thinking is about my perspective
What ages generally pass and fail the snoopy test?
2.5 yrs fail, 3 yrs pass
What does the 3 mountains test test?
Ego central thought
What is conservation in the pre-operational period?
The understanding that changes in appearance does not equal a change in amount
What are the three problems children have with conservation?
- Inability to understand reversibility
- Centration (focused on one characteristic)
- Current state vs. previous transformation
What are two criticisms of Piaget’s studies?
- There are different outcomes if problems are simplified
- There are naturally occurring instances of reasoning in kids
What is the updated egocentrism experiment?
The policeman experiment (all kids passed)
What items are more likely to be represented animistically by kids?
Items that move/ have headlights
Are kids more likely to pass the conservation test with high numbers of objects or low?
Low
What is a main criticism of Piaget’s experiments?
They are language heavy, which could be a poor indicator of what children understand
What is the zone of proximal development?
The zone of proximal development is theorized by Vygotsky and is where someone can do something with help but not on their own
Define scaffolding
A process that allows a child to solve a problem outside their ability
What are the 4 types of conservation?
- Volume conservation (graduated cylinder)
- Number conservation ( spaced out candies)
- Matter conservation (cookie dough)
- Length (pencils staggered)
