Lecture 6

Question 1

In terms of childhood weight/height curves, what is the main concern of a physician?

Answer 1

That a child stays on the same part of the curve, not that they are in the middle

Question 2

What are short term risks associated with childhood obesity? (8)

Answer 2

1. Blount’s disease
2. Asthma
3. Sleep disturbance
4. Intracranial pressure increase
5. Gallstones
6. Hepatitis
7. Diabetes
8. Menstrual abnormalities

Question 3

What are long term risks associated with childhood obesity? (5)

Answer 3

1. Premature death
2. heart disease
3. stroke
4. osteoarthritis
5. cancer

Question 4

What are social risks associated with childhood obesity? (5)

Answer 4

1. Discrimination
2. Stereotyping
3. Unpopular amongst peers
4. Problems with body image
5. Long term affects on salary, academics

Question 5

What are three statistics related to female “fear of fatness”

Answer 5

50% of girls grades 1-3 would like to be thinner
50% of 3rd grade girls have tried a diet
70% of adolescents have attempted to lose weight

Question 6

What years of Piaget’s models include the preoperational thought stage?

Answer 6

Years 2-7

Question 7

What are two main operations of the Pre-operational thought stage?

Answer 7

1. Thinking and limited representation
   2.Symbolic activity

Question 8

What is centration?

Answer 8

The tendency of children to focus on one thing at a time

Question 9

What are the three proofs that 2-7 year old can form limited representation?

Answer 9

1. Centration
2. Fooled by appearances
3. Egocentric

Question 10

What are three proofs that 2-7 year old can utilize symbolic activity?

Answer 10

1. Language
2. Deferred Imitation
3. Make-Believe Play

Question 11

What is animistic thinking?

Answer 11

Applying human characteristics to inanimate objects

Question 12

What does the snoopy test test?

Answer 12

Dual representation: viewing something as an object and a symbol

Question 13

What is egocentrism?

Answer 13

All of my thinking is about my perspective

Question 14

What ages generally pass and fail the snoopy test?

Answer 14

2.5 yrs fail, 3 yrs pass

Question 15

What does the 3 mountains test test?

Answer 15

Ego central thought

Question 16

What is conservation in the pre-operational period?

Answer 16

The understanding that changes in appearance does not equal a change in amount

Question 17

What are the three problems children have with conservation?

Answer 17

1. Inability to understand reversibility
2. Centration (focused on one characteristic)
3. Current state vs. previous transformation

Question 18

What are two criticisms of Piaget’s studies?

Answer 18

1. There are different outcomes if problems are simplified
2. There are naturally occurring instances of reasoning in kids

Question 19

What is the updated egocentrism experiment?

Answer 19

The policeman experiment (all kids passed)

Question 20

What items are more likely to be represented animistically by kids?

Answer 20

Items that move/ have headlights

Question 21

Are kids more likely to pass the conservation test with high numbers of objects or low?

Answer 21

Low

Question 22

What is a main criticism of Piaget’s experiments?

Answer 22

They are language heavy, which could be a poor indicator of what children understand

Question 23

What is the zone of proximal development?

Answer 23

The zone of proximal development is theorized by Vygotsky and is where someone can do something with help but not on their own

Question 24

Define scaffolding

Answer 24

A process that allows a child to solve a problem outside their ability

Question 25

What are the 4 types of conservation?

Answer 25

1. Volume conservation (graduated cylinder)
2. Number conservation ( spaced out candies)
3. Matter conservation (cookie dough)
4. Length (pencils staggered)