Minerals Flashcards
- Sometimes referred as ASH
- There are 16 elements that are important in animal nutrition
MINERALS
Considered as non-mineral elements
CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN & NITROGEN
2 Groups of Minerals
MACRO MINERALS & MICRO MINERALS
- Usually considered together due to their biochemical relationships
- Usually in the form of salt or sodium chloride
SODIUM & CHLORIDE
Functions of Sodium & Chloride
A. FORMATION OF DIGESTIVE JUICES
B. CONTROL OF BODY FLUID CONCENTRATION
C. CONTROL OF BODY FLUID PH
D. NERVE AND MUSCLE ACTIVITY
- As a supplement in usually paired with carbonate and phosphorus in the form of phosphate
CALCIUM
Functions of Calcium
A. BONE AND TEETH FORMATION-99% OF BODY CALCIUM ARE FOUND IN THE BONES AND TEETH
B. NERVE AND MUSCLE FOUNDATION
C. ACID-BASE BALANCE
D. MILK AND EGG PRODUCTION
Functions of Phosphorus
A. BONE AND TEETH FORMATION-80% OF BODY PHOSPHORUS IS IN THE TEETH
B. COMPONENT OF PROTEIN IN THE SOFT TISSUES
C. MILK AND EGG PRODUCTION
D. VARIOUS METABOLIC PROCESSES
Functions of Magnesium
A. NECESSARY FOR MANY ENZYME SYSTEMS
B. PLAY A ROLE IN THE CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
C. NECESSARY FOR THE PROPER FUNCTIONING OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Functions of Potassium
A. REQUIRED IN OSMOTIC RELATIONS, ACID-BASE BALANCE AND RUMEN DIGESTION
B. PRIMARY INTRACELLULAR CATION IN THE NEUROMUSCULAR ACTIVITY
Functions of Sulfur
A. AS A COMPONENT OF THE AMINO ACIDS CYSTINE AND METHIONINE AND THE VITAMINS BIOTIN AND THIAMINE
B. IN THE SYNTHESIS OF SULFUR CONTAINING AMINIO ACIDS IN THE RUMEN
C. IN THE FORMATION OF VARIOUS BODY COMPOUNDS AS SULFATE
Macro Minerals
- SODIUM & CHLORIDE
- CALCIUM
- PHOSPHORUS
- MAGNESIUM
- POTASSIUM
- SULFUR
Micro Minerals
- IRON
- IODINE
- COBALT
- COPPER
- FLOURINE
- MANGANESE
- MOLYBDENUM
- SELENIUM
- ZINC
Functions of Iron
A. NECESSARY FOR HEMOGLOBIN FORMATION
B. ESSENTIAL FOR THE FORMATION OF CERTAIN ENZYMES RELATED TO OXYGEN TRANSPORT UTILIZATION
C. ENTERS INTO THE FORMATION OF CERTAIN COMPOUNDS THAT SERVE AS IRON STORES IN THE BODY
Found in the liver and spleen
FERRITIN
Found in the blood and blood vessels
HEMOSIDERIN
Function of Iodine
USE IN THE PRODUCTION OF THYROXINE BY THE THYROID GLANDS
A hormone that regulates an animal’s metabolism
THYROXINE
Functions of Cobalt
A. AS A COMPONENT OF THE VITAMIN B12 MOLECULE
B. IN THE RUMEN SYNTHESIS OF VITAMIN B12
Functions of Copper (as a participant)
A. IN IRON ABSORPTION
B. HEMOGLOBIN FORMATION
C. IN THE SYNTHESIS OF KERATIN FOR HAIR AND WOOL GROWTH
D. IN VARIOUS ENZYME SYSTEMS
Functions of Fluorine (always in the form of fluoride)
A. REDUCES INCIDENCES OF DENTAL CARIES (CAVITIES) IN HUMAN AND ANIMALS
B. POSSIBLY RETARDS OSTEOPOROSIS IN MATURE ANIMALS
Functions of Manganese
PROBABLY IN ENZYME SYSTEMS INFLUENCING ESTRUS, OVULATION, FETAL DEVELOPMENT, UDDER DEVELOPMENT, MILK PRODUCTION, GROWTH AND SKELETAL DEVELOPMENT
Functions of Molybdenum
A. AS A COMPONENT OF THE ENZYME XANTHINE OXIDASE, ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT TO POULTRY FOR URIC ACID FORMATION
B. STIMULATES ACTION OF RUMEN ORGANISMS
Functions of Selenium
A. IN VITAMINE E ABSORPTION AND UTILIZATION
B. ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF THE ENZYME GLUTHATHIONE PEROXIDASE, WHICH FUNCTIONS TO DESTROY TOXIC PEROXIDES (free radicals) IN THE TISSUES, THEREBY HAVING A SPARING EFFECT IN THE VITAMIN E REQUIREMENT
C. OTHER SELENIUM COMPOUNDS WORK IN SYNERGY WITH VITAMIN E IN THE MAINTENANCE OF NORMAL CELL FUNCTIONS AND CELL MEMBRANE HEALTH
Functions of Zinc
A. PREVENTS PARAKERATOSIS
B. PROMOTES GENERAL THRIFTINESS AND GROWTH
C. PROMOTES WOUND HEALING
D. RELATED TO HAIR AND WOOL GROWTH
E. ALSO HAS A FUNCTION IN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
F. TESTICULAR GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
A disease characterized by severe crusting on the skin especially in pigs
PARAKERATOSIS
Nutritional diseases caused by deficiency and toxicity (amount beyond its requirement)
RICKETS, OSTEOPOROSIS, ANEMIA, GOITER, to name a few
