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Principles of Animal Science > Minerals > Flashcards

Minerals Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q
  • Sometimes referred as ASH

- There are 16 elements that are important in animal nutrition

A

MINERALS

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2
Q

Considered as non-mineral elements

A

CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN & NITROGEN

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3
Q

2 Groups of Minerals

A

MACRO MINERALS & MICRO MINERALS

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4
Q
  • Usually considered together due to their biochemical relationships
  • Usually in the form of salt or sodium chloride
A

SODIUM & CHLORIDE

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5
Q

Functions of Sodium & Chloride

A

A. FORMATION OF DIGESTIVE JUICES
B. CONTROL OF BODY FLUID CONCENTRATION
C. CONTROL OF BODY FLUID PH
D. NERVE AND MUSCLE ACTIVITY

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6
Q
  • As a supplement in usually paired with carbonate and phosphorus in the form of phosphate
A

CALCIUM

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7
Q

Functions of Calcium

A

A. BONE AND TEETH FORMATION-99% OF BODY CALCIUM ARE FOUND IN THE BONES AND TEETH
B. NERVE AND MUSCLE FOUNDATION
C. ACID-BASE BALANCE
D. MILK AND EGG PRODUCTION

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8
Q

Functions of Phosphorus

A

A. BONE AND TEETH FORMATION-80% OF BODY PHOSPHORUS IS IN THE TEETH
B. COMPONENT OF PROTEIN IN THE SOFT TISSUES
C. MILK AND EGG PRODUCTION
D. VARIOUS METABOLIC PROCESSES

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9
Q

Functions of Magnesium

A

A. NECESSARY FOR MANY ENZYME SYSTEMS
B. PLAY A ROLE IN THE CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
C. NECESSARY FOR THE PROPER FUNCTIONING OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

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10
Q

Functions of Potassium

A

A. REQUIRED IN OSMOTIC RELATIONS, ACID-BASE BALANCE AND RUMEN DIGESTION
B. PRIMARY INTRACELLULAR CATION IN THE NEUROMUSCULAR ACTIVITY

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11
Q

Functions of Sulfur

A

A. AS A COMPONENT OF THE AMINO ACIDS CYSTINE AND METHIONINE AND THE VITAMINS BIOTIN AND THIAMINE
B. IN THE SYNTHESIS OF SULFUR CONTAINING AMINIO ACIDS IN THE RUMEN
C. IN THE FORMATION OF VARIOUS BODY COMPOUNDS AS SULFATE

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12
Q

Macro Minerals

A
  1. SODIUM & CHLORIDE
  2. CALCIUM
  3. PHOSPHORUS
  4. MAGNESIUM
  5. POTASSIUM
  6. SULFUR
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13
Q

Micro Minerals

A
  1. IRON
  2. IODINE
  3. COBALT
  4. COPPER
  5. FLOURINE
  6. MANGANESE
  7. MOLYBDENUM
  8. SELENIUM
  9. ZINC
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14
Q

Functions of Iron

A

A. NECESSARY FOR HEMOGLOBIN FORMATION
B. ESSENTIAL FOR THE FORMATION OF CERTAIN ENZYMES RELATED TO OXYGEN TRANSPORT UTILIZATION
C. ENTERS INTO THE FORMATION OF CERTAIN COMPOUNDS THAT SERVE AS IRON STORES IN THE BODY

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15
Q

Found in the liver and spleen

A

FERRITIN

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16
Q

Found in the blood and blood vessels

A

HEMOSIDERIN

17
Q

Function of Iodine

A

USE IN THE PRODUCTION OF THYROXINE BY THE THYROID GLANDS

18
Q

A hormone that regulates an animal’s metabolism

A

THYROXINE

19
Q

Functions of Cobalt

A

A. AS A COMPONENT OF THE VITAMIN B12 MOLECULE

B. IN THE RUMEN SYNTHESIS OF VITAMIN B12

20
Q

Functions of Copper (as a participant)

A

A. IN IRON ABSORPTION
B. HEMOGLOBIN FORMATION
C. IN THE SYNTHESIS OF KERATIN FOR HAIR AND WOOL GROWTH
D. IN VARIOUS ENZYME SYSTEMS

21
Q

Functions of Fluorine (always in the form of fluoride)

A

A. REDUCES INCIDENCES OF DENTAL CARIES (CAVITIES) IN HUMAN AND ANIMALS
B. POSSIBLY RETARDS OSTEOPOROSIS IN MATURE ANIMALS

22
Q

Functions of Manganese

A

PROBABLY IN ENZYME SYSTEMS INFLUENCING ESTRUS, OVULATION, FETAL DEVELOPMENT, UDDER DEVELOPMENT, MILK PRODUCTION, GROWTH AND SKELETAL DEVELOPMENT

23
Q

Functions of Molybdenum

A

A. AS A COMPONENT OF THE ENZYME XANTHINE OXIDASE, ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT TO POULTRY FOR URIC ACID FORMATION
B. STIMULATES ACTION OF RUMEN ORGANISMS

24
Q

Functions of Selenium

A

A. IN VITAMINE E ABSORPTION AND UTILIZATION
B. ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF THE ENZYME GLUTHATHIONE PEROXIDASE, WHICH FUNCTIONS TO DESTROY TOXIC PEROXIDES (free radicals) IN THE TISSUES, THEREBY HAVING A SPARING EFFECT IN THE VITAMIN E REQUIREMENT
C. OTHER SELENIUM COMPOUNDS WORK IN SYNERGY WITH VITAMIN E IN THE MAINTENANCE OF NORMAL CELL FUNCTIONS AND CELL MEMBRANE HEALTH

25
Q

Functions of Zinc

A

A. PREVENTS PARAKERATOSIS
B. PROMOTES GENERAL THRIFTINESS AND GROWTH
C. PROMOTES WOUND HEALING
D. RELATED TO HAIR AND WOOL GROWTH
E. ALSO HAS A FUNCTION IN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
F. TESTICULAR GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

26
Q

A disease characterized by severe crusting on the skin especially in pigs

A

PARAKERATOSIS

27
Q

Nutritional diseases caused by deficiency and toxicity (amount beyond its requirement)

A

RICKETS, OSTEOPOROSIS, ANEMIA, GOITER, to name a few

Principles of Animal Science (24 decks)

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