Feeds and Ingredients Flashcards
Grains
A. CORN B. SORGHUM C. OATS AS GRAIN D. BARLEY E. WHEAT F. RYE GRAIN G. RICE BRAN
- Most extensively produced feed grain
- Most widely used energy feed
- Low in calcium but fair in phosphorus content
- Deficient in cyanocobalamin. low in riboflavin and pantothenic acid
- Low in lysine, methionine and tryptophan
- Must be supplemented with protein for most livestock
CORN
- Produced in semi-arid areas where corn does not grow
- Slightly higher protein content than in corn
- Low carotene
- Drought resistant
- Grain sorghum should be rolled or ground for most classes of livestock
SORPGHUM
- Has higher crude protein than in corn
- Has slightly higher calcium and phosphorus
- Use as rations for horses, young growing stock, show stock and breeding animals
OATS AS GRAIN
- “Beer Grain”
- Used for fattening animals
BARLEY
2 Kinds of Wheat
- AS GRAIN
2. AS BRAN
- Not usually use on animals due to its high demand for human consumption
- Expensive
- Has higher protein than corn
- Due to the high solubility of its starch, feeding wheat to cattle is conducive to acidosis
AS GRAIN
- The seed coat of the wheat that is removed during the process of making wheat flour
- Used for livestock as:
a. Primary
1. Source of bulk
2. Mild laxative
3. Source of phosphorus
b. Secondary
1. Source of Energy
2. Source of Protein
AS BRAN
- Less palatable in comparison to other grains
- Can be contaminated with ergot which is toxic
RYE GRAIN
Comes from the fungus that grows once grain goes rancid
ERGOT
- Comparable to wheat in feeding value but less protein
- Seed coat and germ that is removed from rice
RICE BRAN
Protein Meal (Animal Source)
A. DRIED SKIMMED MILK B. MEAT MEAL C. MEAT AND BONE MEAL D. FISH MEAL E. FEATHER MEAL F. BLOOD MEAL
- Deffated, dehydrated cow’s milk
- Contains around 34% protein
- Used in early weaning diets for calves and pigs
DRIED SKIMMED MILK
- Meat that is cooked in steam jacketed kettles on its own fat
- Used as feed for swine and poultry
MEAT MEAL
- Meat scraps and bone
- Has higher calcium and phosphorus than protein
- Production of meat and bone meal has been discouraged due to the incidence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy or mad cow disease
MEAT AND BONE MEAL
In humans, this is known as Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
MAD COW DISEASE
- Consist of fish and fish by-products
- Protein content is usually 60% and is usually good quality
- Has high calcium and phosphorus
FISH MEAL
- Extremely high in protein at over 80%
- It is 75% digestible if processed properly
- Amino acid balance is not too desirable to single-stomach animals
FEATHER MEAL
- Coagulated blood that has been dried and grounded
- High protein (80%) but the protein is low in digestibility
- Not palatable to most livestock animals
BLOOD MEAL
Protein Source (Plants)
A. SOYBEAN OIL MEAL/SOYBEAN MEAL (SBM)
B. COTTONSEED MEAL (CSM)
C. COPRA MEAL
- Usually solven extracted
- Has two protein grades: 44% for SB Oil Meal and 49% for SBM
- Widely used in high protein feed; high biological value
- Excellent source of protein for all livestock classes except for juveniles
- 49% SBM is primarily used for broilers
SOYBEAN OIL/SOYBEAN MEAL (SBM)
- Dehulled, fat-extracted cottonseed ground with grounded hulls added
- Excellent high protein feed for ruminants
- Has a toxic factor called gossypol which may kill growing pigs if the ration exceeds 9%
COTTONSEED MEAL (CSM)
- Composed of dried coconut meat that have subjected to fat extraction and grounded
- Has low protein even if it is regarded as protein source
- Excellent for dairy cattle
COPRA MEAL
Oil and Meal
A. SESAME OIL
B. SUNFLOWER OIL/SUNFLOWER OIL MEAL