Housing for Pigs and Horses Flashcards
Essentials of Swine Housing
- BUILDING ORIENTATION
- ROOFING
- PARTITION WALLS
- HOUSING SYSTEM
- WASTE MANAGEMENT
The long axis of the building should be in an east-west direction because the first requirement is to protect the pigs from direct sunlight
BUILDING ORIENTATION
Factors to consider in Building Orientation
- AIR TEMPERATURE
- AIR VELOCITY
- FLOOR INSULATION
- INFRARED RADIATION
- RELATIVE HUMIDITY
Designed to reduce the ambient heat load reaching the animals and to provide for an efficient removal of body heat
ROOFING
Common roofing materials
- CORRUGATED GALVANIZED IRON SHEETS
2. HEAT INSULATORS
- Outer surface must be light colored to efficiently reflect solar radiation
- Inner surface should be dark to minimize heat build up
ROOFING
- Provide easy access to and from the pen
- Doors should be durable with security-tight locks
PARTITION WALLS
Common partition walls materials
- IRON BARS
- ROUND BLACK IRON PIPE
- ROUND GALVANIZED IRON
- SQUARE IRON BAR
- FLAT BAR
- WOOD
- BAMBOO
Depend on the size and operational extent
HOUSING SYSTEM
Adopt the conventional or all-purpose housing
BACKYARD & SMALL FARMS
Adopt the life cycle housing
MEDIUM SCALE or COMMERCIAL FARMS
Purpose of Housing System
- PROPER SPACE REQUIREMENT
- MAXIMIZE LABOR EFFICIENCY
- PROMOTE BETTER BIOSECURITY
Units of Life Cycle
- PREGESTATIONAL & BOAR UNIT
- GESTATION UNIT
- FARROWING UNIT
- GROWING PEN
- Space is provided to accommodate mating activities
- Mating should be at the boar’s pen because of its labor and safety advantages
PREGESTATIONAL & BOAR UNIT
Houses recently bred and pregnant individual stalls
GESTATION UNIT
Purpose of Gestation Unit
- PREVENT INJURY
- PREVENT FEED COMPETITION
- UNNECESSARY STRESS THAT MAY LEAD TO FAILURE IN FERTILIZATION AND ABORTION
Pregnant sows are transferred to this unit a week before their expected farrowing date
FARROWING UNIT
- This is where sows are usually confined between two tubular gates
- Provide a creep area equipped with efficient heat source
- Light bulb, ultraviolet lamps and LPG direct convection lamps as sources of heat
- Floors are elevated and slatted for hygienic purposes
FARROWING UNIT
- Adopt an all-in and all-out system
- Animals are house in a conventional pen
GROWING PEN
Environmental concerns associated with piggeries relate to water quality, soil degradation, air pollution and rural-urban interface issues
WASTE MANAGEMENT
Waste Management Practices
- AS FERTILIZERS
- AS FEEDS
- AS SOURCE OF ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS
Importance of Housing Horses
- WELFARE OF THE HORSE
- SAFETY, HEALTH AND COMFORT OF THE HUMAN HANDLER
- EFFICIENCY IN LABOR
- COST EFFECTIVENESS
4 Main Areas to be considered in Horse Housing
- PHYSICAL
- SOCIAL
- CHEMICAL
- BIOLOGICAL
Temperature, heat-loss factors, stall space, feeder space, flooring
PHYSICAL
Behavioral considerations
SOCIAL
- Water
- Air quality
- Existence of ammonia, carbon dioxide, air contaminants
CHEMICAL
- Disease organism
- Toxins in the air, feed, stall materials and other animals
BIOLOGICAL
Factors to Consider before Construction of a Horse House
- PURPOSE OF THE FACILITY
- NUMBER AND BREED OF ANIMALS TO BE HOUSED
- ROOM FOR FUTURE EXPANSIONS
- REGULATORY CONFINEMENT
- BUDGET
- LAY-OUT FOR DAY TO DAY ACTIVITIES
Purpose of Fencing
- TO MARK PROPERTY BOUNDARIES
- DESIGNED TO KEEP INTRUDERS OUT AND TO KEEP LIVESTOCK AND OTHER ANIMALS IN
- BUILT OUT OF CRUDE MATERIALS SUCH AS BRUSH, ROCKS AND STONES, FALLEN TIMBER
- MAKES HANDLING, MOVING, SORTING HORSES EASIER
- LESS STRESS FOR THE HORSE AND LESS WORK FOR HANDLERS
Types of Housing
- POST AND BOARD
- PIPE FENCE
- WOVEN WIRE
- DIAMOND WIRE
- HIGH TENSILE WIRE
- POLYVINYLCHLORIDE (PVC)
- CABLE
- COVERED BOARDS
- ELECTRIC AND FIBER GLASS WEBBING
- NYLON AND RUBBER FENCING
- BARBED WIRE - less expensive but dangerous
Fencing Dimensions
TOP OF FENCE: 54-60 inches
LINE POSTS: 30-36 inches
CORNER POSTS: 8.5-9 feet; 36-42 inches deep
