MidTerm - Final push Flashcards
can phosphorylation inhibit?
yes
a molecule that resembles a substrate, and fills active/binding pocket without catalyzing a reaction is a __________
competitive inhibitor
malonate _______ succinate hydrogenase by filling its active site and preventing the conversion of succinate to fumarate
inhibits
where does phospholipid synthesis take place?
endoplasmic reticulum
covalent bond
two atoms share electrons (valence electrons)
AC - ref GPCR
adenylyl cyclase
providing ______ can be helpful for patients with methanol poisoning
ethanol
does catalysis change delta G
no
what’s an enzyme?
a highly specific catalyst
where does glycolysis take place?
cytoplasm
AP ref - RTK
adaptor protein
APC (ref cell cycle )
anaphase promoting complex
the lipid present in Wnt does what?
helps bind it to it’s origination cell
a kinase _____ a substrate
phosphorylates
nucleating element of microtubules
G turc
catabolism
glucose –> glycolysis or citric acid cycle
what motor proteins make sperm swim?
dynein motor proteins
is ATP stored?
no! it’s continuously generated
RAP ref- rtk
ras activating protein
are carbons oxidized to C02 in the CAC
yes
can phosphorylation activate?
yes
3 activities powered by ATP hydrolysis
pumping/transport
movement/mechanical
biosynthetic
can the CAC occur in anaerobic conditions?
no, it indirectly requires O2
cation
-electrons
what role do microtubules play in mitosis?
chromosomal organization
polar molecule
resulting from polar bonds, asymmetric electron sharing
APC (ref - wnt)
adenomatous polyposis coli)
what causes dynamic instability?
the GTP tubulin dimers hydrolyze into GDP, and lose stability
the inhibition/degradation of securin leads to ______
anaphase
motif/scheme of signaling pathways
- signal reception - on receptor, in or out2. relay mechanism - pathway/cascade3. downstream effects - on effector, what happens?
microtubule polarity (micro/macro)
polar/polar
kinesin purpose
motor protein, axonal transport etc.
APC ubiquitinates both ______ and _______
M-Cyclin, Securin
sperm are made of _______ exoskeletal component
microtubules
if you remove an electron from hydrogen, you get…
a proton
non-polar molecules are hydro_______
phobic
are enzymes and substrates bound by covalent bonds?
NO!
active transport
movement of molecules against the electrochemical gradient
passive transport
movement of molecules down the electrochemical gradient
channel protein
channel that facilitates transport without a major conformational change
symport
two proteins moving through one
opposite of channel protein
carrier or transporter protein
is a uniport a channel or carrier?
can be both
is a symport a channel or carrier?
carrier
is a symport passive or active?
both, a symport will usually have one solute that’s moving down the electrochemical gradient, while another is moving up
is an antiport passive or active?
both! An antiport will facilitate one molecule moving against the gradient, powered by one molecule moving down the gradiet
is an antiport a channel or carrier
carrier
Rab proteins
proteins on the cytoplasmic face of vesicle that provide the address code for interaction with correct target membrane
Where is the V-snare?
on the vesicle
where is the T- snare?
on the target membrane
what docks to the Rab?
tethering proteins
endocytosis
taking in of a vesicle
exocytosis
exportation of vesicle
dynamin
pinches off vesicle bud neck during exocytosis
clathrin coat
coat of vesicle that buds off
adaptin
barrier between clathrin coat and cargo receptor
kinesin movement
huge conformational change, moves it’s back head forward/”forward step” / power stroke
how does ATP affect myosin
it causes it to release
M-Cyclin ________ MCdk
activates
are the levels of MCdk in the cell variable
no
are the levels of M-Cyclin in a cell variable
yes
how does G protein stop the formation of cancer cells
G protein has inherent GTPAse activity. Can hydrolyze GTP–> GDP and become switched off, so it’s not constantly active.
