HumBio3A-Notes2

Question 1

sequence of food to cells

Answer 1

food, catabolic pathways, biosynthesis, anabolic pathways, cells

Question 2

what is the original source of all energy?

Answer 2

the sun

Question 3

respiration

Answer 3

sugars + O2 = H2o + CO2

Question 4

photosynthesis

Answer 4

Co2 +H20= O2 + Sugars

Question 5

Catabolism - type of reaction

Answer 5

energetically favorable reaction

Question 6

Anabolism - type of reaction

Answer 6

energetically unfavorable reaction

Question 7

ATP

Answer 7

adenisine tri-phosphate

Question 8

ATP is the ______ of the cell

Answer 8

energy currency of the cell

Question 9

How much ATP is needed in a cell?

Answer 9

100,000 X more than what is in the cell

Question 10

ATP hydrolysis provide______

Answer 10

chemical energy to power reactions that requre energy

Question 11

3 uses of energy/ATP

Answer 11

transport work, mechanical work, biosynthetic work

Question 12

transport work

Answer 12

pumping Na+ and K+ in nerves of the brain, pumping H+ into the stomach

Question 13

What is ATP?

Answer 13

small molecule, ribose ring coupled to an adenine base, with tri-phosphate chain

Question 14

Why does ATP contain so much energy?

Answer 14

it’s like a compressed spring. It takes A LOT of energy to form the bond, and that is released when it breaks apart

Question 15

ATP successor

Answer 15

ADP + Pi + energy

Question 16

Does ADP become ATP again?

Answer 16

yes, using energy from food via mitochondria

Question 17

ATP analogy in class

Answer 17

Starbucks charge card

Question 18

types of bonds that hold ATP together

Answer 18

covalent bonds

Question 19

How does ATP hydolysis power reactions that require input of energy to proceed?

Answer 19

energy coupling

Question 20

example of energy coupling

Answer 20

muscle contraction

Question 21

Relaxed muscle p + nATP=

Answer 21

contracted muscle +nADP + nPi

Question 22

△G

Answer 22

change in free energy of a reaction

Question 23

△G =

Answer 23

G(final) - G(initial)

Question 24

can delta G values for coupled reactions be added together?

Answer 24

yes

Question 25

If the final form has less free energy, then _________

Answer 25

△G is negative and the reaction can proceed

Question 26

Can a reaction that results in positive delta G occur?

Answer 26

yes, because of thermal bombardments

Question 27

Equilibrium

Answer 27

number of Y molecules being converted to X each second is exactly equal to the number of X molecules being convertted to Y molecules each second, so that ther is no net change in the ratio of X to Y.

Question 28

At equlibrium, delta G is ________

Answer 28

0

Question 29

Are most reactions in our cells at equilibrium?

Answer 29

no! we’d be dead

Question 30

ATP + H2O =

Answer 30

ADP + H3PO4

Question 31

Why is ATP an effective energy carrier?

Answer 31

because equilibirume in the basic reaction is reached very slowly

Question 32

does delta G predict the rate of a reaction?

Answer 32

no! it only predicst the types of reactions that may occur

Question 33

How can reactions be coupled?`

Answer 33

when a favorable reaction in the sequence uses up the product of an unfavorable reaction, thus driving the unfav reaction (unsettling the equilibirum)

Question 34

Another way of coupling reactions…?

Answer 34

Using the energy of ATP hydeolysis to drive formation of new chemical bonds

Question 35

what does delta G predict?

Answer 35

which reactions can occur

Question 36

Why can’t ATP be used to predict the rate of reactions?

Answer 36

the activation energy required

Question 37

Why can ATP be an energy carrier?

Answer 37

it has a large activation barrier

Question 38

How do cells get around the activation barrier?

Answer 38

Catalysis

Question 39

What lowers the activation barrier?

Answer 39

an enzyme

Question 40

Are enzymes broad or specific?

Answer 40

very specific