HumBio3A-Notes1

Question 1

Why are cells different?

Answer 1

because they make different proteins

Question 2

What cells make insulin?

Answer 2

Pancreatic beta cells

Question 3

What protein does muscle make?

Answer 3

myosin

Question 4

What is myosin?

Answer 4

protein made by muscles

Question 5

How is the order of the amino acid in protein determined?

Answer 5

the order of the bases in the DNA/RNA

Question 6

The gene for insulin is _____ in the pancreas

Answer 6

active

Question 7

The gene for hemoglobin is _____ in red blood cells

Answer 7

active

Question 8

How is gene transcription regulated?

Answer 8

acivator proteins

Question 9

another name for activator proteins

Answer 9

transcription factors

Question 10

another name for binding site of activator protein

Answer 10

enhancer site

Question 11

transcription factor

Answer 11

activator proteins

Question 12

can one gene be an enhancer (activator binding site) and code for RNA?

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

Activator proetins bind to DNA with _________

Answer 13

great precision

Question 14

The genome is mostly __________

Answer 14

non-coding, regulatory

Question 15

why is insulin not created in a red blood cell?

Answer 15

the pancreas-specific activator is not present

Question 16

what is at the heart of developmental biology?

Answer 16

cell differentiation

Question 17

Different cell types express_______ genes

Answer 17

different

Question 18

What is epigenetics?

Answer 18

the mechanisms that cells use to remember that they’re different from eachother

Question 19

How do cells communicate with eachother?

Answer 19

signals

Question 20

cells are enclosed by a ______

Answer 20

plasma membrane

Question 21

3 main functions of the plasma membrane:

Answer 21

provides a barrier, organizational surface, requires a transport mechanism

Question 22

The plasma membrane is a ______

Answer 22

lipid bylayer

Question 23

define antipathic

Answer 23

ability to form membranes in water - combination of hydrophillic and hydrophobic

Question 24

the antipathic structure of the lipid bilayer is made of a_____

Answer 24

hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail

Question 25

a typical fat molecule is

Answer 25

hydrophobic

Question 26

type of lipid found in lipid bilayer

Answer 26

phospholipid

Question 27

type of molecule that dissolves into water

Answer 27

hydrophillic

Question 28

acetone is ______

Answer 28

hydrophillic

Question 29

components of a hydrophilic head

Answer 29

polar group, phosphate, glycerol

Question 30

comonents of hydrophobic tails

Answer 30

two fatty acid tails

Question 31

hydrophilic head groups face ______ towards water

Answer 31

out

Question 32

hydrophobic tails custer in the ________ shielded from water

Answer 32

interior

Question 33

tow types of membranes

Answer 33

plasma membrane and internal membrane

Question 34

ER

Answer 34

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 35

How are cells able to receive info from the outside, through a plasma membrane?

Answer 35

receptors

Question 36

receptors

Answer 36

transmembrane protein that spans the membrane

Question 37

What is the energy currency of the cell?

Answer 37

How do cells utilize nutrients to generate ATP

Question 38

Can activator proteins bind to multiple sites in the DNA?

Answer 38

yes - see genetic conservation

Question 39

activator proteins are grouped into

Answer 39

families