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Biology 9 > Midterm 2014 > Flashcards

Midterm 2014 Flashcards

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0
Q

One goal of science

A

To provide natural explanation for events in the world. It also aims to use those explanations to understand patterns in nature and to make useful predictions about natural events

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1
Q

Organized way of gathering and analyzing evidence about the natural world

A

Science

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2
Q

Help scientists generate new ideas

A

Curiosity, skepticism, open-mindedness, and creativity

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3
Q

Explain the Scientific theory

A

It applies to a well-tested explanation that unites broad range of observation and hypotheses and that enables scientists to make accurate prediction about new situations

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4
Q

Relationship between science and society

A

Using science involves understanding its contexts in society and its limitations

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5
Q

Characteristics of life

A

Cells, organization, energy use, homeostasis, growth, reproduction and response

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6
Q

Central theme of biology

A

Cellular structure and function, reproduction, metabolism, homeostasis, heredity, evolution, and interdependence

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7
Q

How can life be explained at different levels?

A

Biology includes many overlapping fields that use different tools to study life from the level of molecules to the entire planet

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8
Q

What is the importance of the universal system of measurement

A

Scientists use it when collecting data and performing experiments

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9
Q

Positively charged particles (+)

A

Protons

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10
Q

Carry no charge

A

Neutrons

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11
Q

Negatively charged participle (-) with only 1/1840 mass of a proton

A

Electors

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12
Q

Is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions

A

Compound

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13
Q

Is a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

A

Element

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14
Q

Two main types of chemical bonds?

A

Ionic and Covalent

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15
Q

Describe waters unique properties

A

Water is a polar molecule, it able to form multiple hydrogen bonds, which account for many of water special properties. Water expands upon freezing

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16
Q

Is a type of mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed

A

Solution

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17
Q

Is a mixture of war and nondissolved material

A

Suspensions

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18
Q

Is a compounds that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution; a solution with a pH of less than 7

A

Acidic solution

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19
Q

Is a compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in a solution; a solution with a pH of more than 7

A

Basic solution

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20
Q

Unique qualities of carbon

A

Carbon can bond with many elements, including hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and nitrogen to form the molecules life

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21
Q

Living things use _______ as their main source of energy

A

Carbohydrates

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22
Q

Plants, some animals, and other organisms also use carbohydrates for

A

Structural purposes

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23
Q

How does chemical reaction affect chemical bonds

A

Chemical reactions involve changes in the chemical bonds that join atoms in compounds

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24
Q

Speed up chemical reactions that take place in the cells

A

Enzymes

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25
Q

Is the scientific study of interaction among organisms and between organisms and their physical enivornment

A

Ecology

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26
Q

How does biotic and abiotic influence an ecosystem

A

The biological influence on organisms are called biotic factors and physical components of an ecosystem are called abiotic factor

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27
Q

Non-living

A

Abiotic

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28
Q

Living

A

Biotic

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29
Q

What is the method to study ecology

A

Observation, experimentation, and modeling

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30
Q

Are the first producers of energy rich compounds that are later used by other organisms

A

Primary producers

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31
Q

an organism requiring organic compounds for its principal source of food

A

Heterophs

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32
Q

organisms that make their own food

A

Autotrophs

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33
Q

animal feeding on plants

A

Herbivores

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34
Q

animal eating both animal and plants

A

Omnivore

35
Q

animal that eats flesh

A

Carnviore

36
Q

an organism, usually a bacterium or fungus, that breaks down the cells of dead plants and animals into simpler substances

A

Decomposers

37
Q

feeds on detritus particles. earthworms

A

Detritivores

38
Q

are animals that consume that carcasses of other animals that have been killed by predators or have died of other causes

A

Scavengers

39
Q

Is a series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten

A

Food chain

40
Q

Is a network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem

A

Food web

41
Q

What are three types of ecological pyramids?

A

Energy pyramid, biomass pyramid, and number pyramid

42
Q

Is the key ingredient of all organic compounds

A

Carbon

43
Q

Processes involved in the carbon cycle include what

A

Photosynthesis and human activities such as burning

44
Q

Continuously moves between the ocean, the atmosphere, and land-sometimes outside living organisms and sometimes inside them

A

Water

45
Q

The cell theory states

A

All living things are made up of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells

46
Q

How does light microscopes work?

A

They use lenses to magnify the image of an object by focusing light or electrons. Light microscopes allows light to pass through the specimen and uses two lenses to form an image

47
Q

Makes it possible to explore cell structure and large protein molecules. But because beams of electrons can only pass through thin samples, cells and tissues must be cut into ultra think slices to be examined. Produces flat and two dimensional images

A

Transmission electron microscope

48
Q

A pencil like beam of electrons is scanned over the surface of specimen. Samples do not have to be cut. Produces stunning three-dimensional images of the specimens surface

A

Scanning electron microscope

49
Q

Are cells that enclose their DNA in nuclei. Separates their genetic material within a nucleus

A

Eukaryotes

50
Q

Are cells that do not enclose DNA in nuclei. They do not separate their genetic material within the nucleus

A

Prokaryotes

51
Q

A thin, flexible barrier, composed of a phospholipid bilayer. It’s how you get material in and out of the cell

A

Cell membrane

52
Q

Organelle that manages or controls all the cell functions

A

Nucleus

53
Q

Stores material within the cell

A

Vacuoles

54
Q

Digests excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles and invading viruses or bacteria

A

Lysosomes

55
Q

Provides support for the cell, has two “sub parts”

A

Cytoskeleton

56
Q

Small hair-like structures used for movements or sensing things

A

Microfilaments

57
Q

Consist of hollow tubes which provides support for the cell

A

Microtubules

58
Q

Small bumps located on portions of the Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Ribosomes

59
Q

Is where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

60
Q

Has ribosomes attached to it

A

Rough ER

61
Q

Does not have ribosomes attached to it

A

Smooth ER

62
Q

Packages protein for transport out of the cell

A

Golgi apparatus

63
Q

Contains chlorophyll, a green pigment that traps energy from sunlight and gives plant their green color

A

Chloroplast

64
Q

Produces usable form of energy for the cell

A

Mitochondrion

65
Q

Site where ribosomes are made

A

Nucleolus

66
Q

Carries the cells genetic

A

Chromosomes

67
Q

The movement of materials across the cell membrane without using cellular energy

A

Passive Transport

68
Q

Example of passive transport

A

Going down a hill

69
Q

Movement of solutes, in and out of the cells, through the cell membrane until equilibrium is reached

A

Simple Diffusion

70
Q

Diffusion of solute through the cell membrane from high to low concentration with the assistance of a carrier protein

A

Facilitated Diffusion

71
Q

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

A

Osmosis

72
Q

Examples of Passive Transport

A

Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis

73
Q

The movement of materials against a concentration difference. Requires energy

A

Active transport

74
Q

Example of active transport

A

Going up a hill

75
Q

Moves through the membrane through the use of a vesicle. Cell wraps around bacteria and releases it waste

A

Endocytosis

76
Q

Same as endocytosis only with liquid

A

Pinocytosis

77
Q

Same as endocytosis only with solids

A

Fagocytosis

78
Q

Examples of active transport

A

Endocytosis, pinocytosis, fagocytosis

79
Q

Amount of solutes in or out of cell. Concentration of dissolved solute is equal outside the cell compared to inside the cell. Human red blood cells prefer this environment

A

Isotonic

80
Q

The solution has a higher solute concentration than the cell. Causes cells to shrink (dehydrate). Plants wilt. Crenation-red blood cells

A

Hypertonic

81
Q

The concentration of dissolved solute is less outside the cell compared to inside. creates turgor pressure which is preferred by plants, it could lead to destruction of the cell

A

Hypotonic

82
Q

Uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide (reactant) into high-energy sugars and oxygen (product)

A

Photosynthesis

83
Q

Uses energy from sunlight to produce oxygen and convert ADP and NADP into the energy carriers ATP and NADPH

A

Light dependent reaction

84
Q

ATP and NADPH form the light-dependent are used to produce high-energy sugars

A

Light-independent reactions

85
Q

Energy from ATP and high-energy electrons from NADPH are used to convert the 3 carbon molecules to higher-energy forms. Two of these 3 carbon molecules are removed from the cycle to produce this, lipids, amino acids, and other compounds

A

Sugar production

86
Q

It is the process by which organisms convert light energy into chemical energy that all organisms can use directly or indirectly to carry out life functions

A

Overall process of photosynthesis

Biology 9 (12 decks)

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