Chapter 8

Question 0

Light

Answer 0

Photo

Question 1

process that converts sunlight into chemical energy. Using light to put something together. Plants use it to make sugar

Answer 1

Photosynthesis

Question 2

Putting together

Answer 2

Synthesis

Question 3

all living things have to require this, without it they would not survive

Answer 3

Energy

Question 4

Why are plants autotrophs?

Answer 4

Because they can make their own food

Question 5

Producing energy, that comes in the form of

Answer 5

ATP

Question 6

one of the most important compounds that cells use to store and release energy. Most common fuel supply

Answer 6

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Question 7

Why don’t use glucose?

Answer 7

Because glucose has more energy then a single organism could ever use

Question 8

every time you release energy you release what?

Answer 8

Heat

Question 9

is a compound that looks like ATP, expect it has 2 phosphate groups instead of 3. This difference is the key way in which living things store energy

Answer 9

Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)

Question 10

Example of ADP

Answer 10

Rechargeable battery

Question 11

ATP can easily release and store energy by doing what?

Answer 11

By breaking down and re-forming the bonds between its phosphate groups. This characteristic makes it exceptionally useful as a basic energy source for all cells

Question 12

The energy in ATP is found where?

Answer 12

Is in the bond between the second and third phosphate

Question 13

What do cells need energy for?

Answer 13

To reproduce new cells and for active transport

Question 14

ATP can be used to do what?

Answer 14

To produce light

Question 15

have a small amount of ATP because even though ATP is a great molecule for transferring energy, it is not good for storing large amount of energy for a long time

Answer 15

Cells

Question 16

cells can regenerate ATP and ADP by doing what?

Answer 16

Using energy in foods like glucose

Question 17

animals that get their food by eating other organisms. They don’t make your own energy

Answer 17

Heterotrophs

Question 18

Examples of Heterotrophs

Answer 18

Horses, humans, cheetah, and firefly

Question 19

organisms that make their own food

Answer 19

Autotrophs

Question 20

Example of Autotrophs

Answer 20

Plants

Question 21

Do we use energy in protein synthesis?

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

Where does photosynthesis occur?

Answer 22

Chloroplast

Question 23

plants gather the sun’s energy with light-absorbing molecules. Green is not the only color pigment, there are many other colors

Answer 23

Pigment

Question 24

photosynthetic organisms capture energy from sunlight with what?

Answer 24

Pigment

Question 25

the plants principle pigment. Give plants their green color. Found in clusters

Answer 25

Chlorophyll

Question 26

There are two types of Chlorophyll

Answer 26

Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b

Question 27

where photosynthesis occurs. Are interconnected and arranged stacks known as granum

Answer 27

Thylakoid

Question 28

the fluid portion of the chloroplast

Answer 28

Stroma

Question 29

connects granum together

Answer 29

Stroma Lamella

Question 30

chlorophyll absorbs what

Answer 30

Visible light. When it absorbs light, a large fraction of that light energy is transferred directly to electrons in the chlorophyll molecule

Question 31

What does photosynthesis do?

Answer 31

Plants use carbon dioxide+water=sugar+oxygen

Question 32

Chemical Equation of Photosynthesis

Answer 32

6CO2 + 6H2O-->C6H12O6 +6O

Question 33

Chemical Equation of Photosynthesis in words

Answer 33

Carbon Dioxide + Water--> Sugars+Oxygen

Question 34

Sugar is what? | Oxygen is what?

Answer 34

Sugar=product | Oxygen=byproduct

Question 35

anything produce in the course of making another thing

Answer 35

By product

Question 36

Photosynthesis occurs in two stages

Answer 36

Light dependent and Light independent

Question 37

light reaction. Requires the direct involvement of light and light absorbing pigments. Use energy from the sunlight to produce energy-rich compounds (ATP) First Step: when ATP/NADPH is made

Answer 37

Light Dependent

Question 38

Light Dependent takes place where

Answer 38

In the thylakoid membrane

Question 39

electron carrier molecule; carries it in a form of a hydrogen molecule

Answer 39

NADPH

Question 40

Calvin Cycle. Is used to produce high-energy sugars from carbon dioxide Second/Final Step: when the sugar/oxygen is made

Answer 40

Light independent

Question 41

plants use the energy that ATP and NADPH contains to build stable high-energy carbohydrate compounds that can be stored for a long time

Answer 41

Calvin Cycle

Question 42

Where does light independent occurs where?

Answer 42

Stroma

Question 43

accepts and holds 2 high-energy electrons, along with a hydrogen ion. This converts NADP to NADPH

Answer 43

NADP

Question 44

can carry the high-energy electrions that were produced by light absorption in chlorophyll to chemical reactions in the cell

Answer 44

NADPH

Question 45

are chlorophyll found in clusters. It is where light is absorbed

Answer 45

Photosystem

Question 46

electron transport system

Answer 46

ETS

Question 47

embedded protein that make up ETS

Answer 47

Cytochrome

Question 48

thylakoid membrane contains a protein. it spans the membrane and allows H ions to pass through it

Answer 48

ATP Synthase

Question 49

General structure is found where?

Answer 49

Cytoplasm

Question 50

Named the Calvin Cycle after him

Answer 50

Melvin Cycle

Question 51

combines with carbon dioxides and becomes a 6 carbon molecule, which splits into 2-PGA

Answer 51

RUBP

Question 52

phosphoglyerate

Answer 52

PGA

Question 53

phophoglyeraldehyd

Answer 53

G3P

Question 54

Whats the differs between PGA and G3P?

Answer 54

What's attached to it

Question 55

prevents water from escaping

Answer 55

Cuticle

Question 56

the space in between the upper and lower epidermis. Aids in the gas exchange

Answer 56

Mesophyll

Question 57

Contains chloroplast and the main cells that carry out photosynthesis

Answer 57

Palisade Cell

Question 58

Major site of photosynthesis

Answer 58

Spongy Layer

Question 59

carries water and nutrients from the plant

Answer 59

Xylem

Question 60

carries products of photosynthesis

Answer 60

Phloem

Question 61

covers up the xylem and phloem

Answer 61

Vascular Bundle

Question 62

What's the end result of the Clavin Cycle?

Answer 62

Sugar

Question 63

What molecule is used to make sugar?

Answer 63

Carbon Dioxide

Question 64

What are the factors that affect photosynthesis?

Answer 64

Temperature, Light, Water

Question 65

When it's above or below may affect those enzymes, slowing down the rate of photosynthesis

Answer 65

Temperature

Question 66

high light intensity reaches a certain level, however the plant reaches its maximum rate of photosynthesis

Answer 66

Light

Question 67

is one raw material of photosynthesis, a shortage of water can slow or even stop photosynthesis

Answer 67

Water

Question 68

have a specialized chemical pathway that allows them to capture even very low levels of carbon dioxide and pass it to the Calvin cycle. The name comes from the fact that the first compound formed in this pathways contains 4 carbon atoms

Answer 68

C4 Plants

Question 69

Examples of C4 Plants

Answer 69

Corn, Sugar cane, and sorghum

Question 70

plants adapted to dry climates use a different strategy to obtain carbon dioxide while minimizing water loss. Admit air into their leaves only at night

Answer 70

CAM Plant

Question 71

Examples of CAM Plant

Answer 71

Cacti, pineapple, ice plants

Question 72

This trapping at night prevents water loss

Answer 72

CO2

Question 73

Where does the Carbon Dioxide come from?

Answer 73

From the air, people coughing, animals, the burning of fossil fuels

Question 74

during the day they produce sugar by photosynthesis and at night the process is reversed and stomate closes

Answer 74

Guard cells

Question 75

allows carbon dioxide into the leaf. transpiration is the loss of water a leaf

Answer 75

Stomate

Question 76

allow light to pass through and prevents water loss

Answer 76

Upper epidermis

Question 77

prevents transportation | Transpiration: lose of water

Answer 77

Lower Epidermis