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Biology 9 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

0
Q

German. Stated all animals are made of cells. Studied animal tissues

A

Schwann

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1
Q

German. Stated all plants are made of cells

A

Schleiden

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2
Q

German. Concluded that new cells can be produced only from the division of existing cells

A

Virchow

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3
Q

Father of cell biology. Came up with the term cell

A

Hooke

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4
Q

Made powerful microscopes

A

Leeuwenhoek

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5
Q

are cells that enclose their DNA in the nuclei The nucleus separates the genetic material from the rest of cell. Has a true nucleus
Examples: bacteria

A

Eukaryotes

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6
Q

are cells that do not enclose DNA in the nuclei. Do not separate their. genetic material within the nucleus. Do not have a nucleus
Examples: fungi and protist

A

Prokaryotes

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7
Q

Stores material within the cell

A

Vacuole

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8
Q

Closely stacked, flattened sacs. Contains chlorophyll, a green pigment that traps energy from the sunlight and gives plants their green color

A

Chloroplast

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9
Q

The sites of protein synthesis. Small bumps located on portions of the Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Ribosomes

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10
Q

Transports material within the cell. Provides temporary storage of food, enzymes and waste products

A

Vesicles

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11
Q

The region inside the cell expect the nucleus

A

Cytoplasm

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12
Q

Organelle that manages or controls all the cell functions in the eukaryotic cell

A

Nucleus

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13
Q

Digests excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles and invading viruses or bacteria

A

Lysosomes

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14
Q

Firm, protective structure that gives the cell it’s shape in plants, fungi, most bacteria and some protests

A

Cell wall

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15
Q

Produces a useable form of energy for the cell

A

Mitochondria

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16
Q

Packages protein for transport out of cell

A

Golgi Apparatus

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17
Q

Everything inside the cell including the nucleus

A

Cell structure

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18
Q

Site where ribosomes are made

A

Nucleolus

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19
Q

The membrane around the cell

A

Plasma Membrane

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20
Q

Provides support for the cell, has two “sub parts”

A

Cytoskeleton

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21
Q

Name for the collection of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells

A

Chromatin

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22
Q

Hollow tubes which provide cell support

A

Microtubules

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23
Q

Small-hair like structures used for movement or sensing things

A

Microfilaments

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24
Composed of phospholipid bilayer
Cell membrane
25
Longer whip like structure used for movement
Flagellum
26
Only plays a role during cell division, becomes centrioles
Centromere
27
Transforms glucose into starch. Nonpigamented
Amyploplasts
28
Acts like a storage organelle. Important in the creation and storage of lipids and steroid
Smooth ER
29
The movement of substances into and out of the cell through the membrane
Cellular Transport
30
No energy expenditure (no ATP), substances move from high concentration to low concentration, substance move down the concentration gradient, occurs until equilibrium is reached
Passive Transport
31
The movement of solutes, in and out of the cell, through the cell membrane until equilibrium is reach
Diffusion
32
The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane (plasma membrane)
Osmosis
33
The diffusion of solute through the cell membrane from high to love concentration with the assistance of a carrier protein. No ATP is used
Facilitated Diffusion
34
Uses energy (ATP), moves substances up the concentration gradient, solute moves from low to high concentration
Active Transport
35
Actively expelling substances from the cell
Exocytosis
36
Pumps water out of the cell when it enters a hypotonic environment
Contractile Vacuole
37
Actively pumps ions into or out of the cell against the concentration gradient using ATP
Cellular Pump
38
Types of Solutions
Isotonic, Hypertonic, Hypotonic Solution
39
The concentration is dissolved solute is equal outside the cell compared to inside the cell. Human Red Blood Cells (RBC) prefer this environment
Isotonic Solution
40
The concentration of dissolved solute is less outside the cell compared to inside the cell. Creates turgor pressure which is preferred by plants. This can lead to the destruction of cell
Hypotonic Solution
41
The destruction of cells
Lysis
42
The concentration of dissolved solute is greater outside the cell compared to inside the cell. This can lead to dehydration (plasmolysis in plants and crenation in RBCs) of the cell
Hypertonic Solution
43
Two Types of Electron Microscopes
Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopes
44
makes it possible to explore cell structures and large protein molecules
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
45
produces stunning three-dimensional images of the specimen's surface
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
46
protects the cells from its own production of toxic hydrogen peroxide
Peroxisomes
47
Three Types of Passive Transport
Simple diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, Osmosis
48
Two Types of Active Transport
Endocytosis and Exocytosis
49
Moves through the membrane through the use of a vesicle. Cell wraps around bacteria and releases its waste
Endocytosis
50
Same as endocytosis only with liquid
Pinocytosis
51
Same as endocytosis only with solids
Phagocytosis
52
Type of membrane protein that is permanently attached to the biological membrane
Integral
53
Proteins that stick to side
Peripheral
54
Transports proteins
Carrier
55
Two types of Endocytosis
Pinocytosis and Phagocytosis
56
Environment in which water is flowing into the cell
Hypotonic Environment
57
Formula of Solution
Solution=Solvent+Solute
58
Example of the formula of solution
Koolaid= water+ koolaid powder
59
In plants, causes plant cells to wither and shrivel. Plant cell losses water
Plasmolysis
60
When RBCs shrivel and shrink. RBC loses water
Cremation
61
What's the cell theory
All living things are made up of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells
62
How does a microscope work?
Most microscopes use lenses to magnify the image of an object by focusing light or electrons
63
Are the basic unit of life
Cells
64
Why is the cell membrane sometimes called the plasma membrane?
Because many cells in the body are in direct contact with the fluid portion of the blood-the plasma
65
Is dotted with thousands of nuclear pores, which allow material to move into and out of the nucleus
Nuclear Envelope
66
Are located near the nucleus and help organize cell division. Not found in plant cells
Centrioles
67
Gives the cell membrane a flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cells and its surrounding
Lipid Bilayer
68
Some substances can pass across them and others cannot. Also called semipermeable membranes
Selectively Permeable
69
What's the difference between animal and plant cells?
Animal Cells: centrioles | Plant Cells: chloroplasts
70
Cells that allow water to pass right through them
Aquaporins
71
The net movement of water out of or into s cell that produces a force
Osmotic Pressure
72
Moves calcium, potassium, and sodium ions across the cell membrane
Protein Pumps
73
Large molecules and even solid clumps of material can be transported by movements of the cell membrane
BulkTransport
74
Internal physical and chemical conditions
Homeostasis
75
How do you maintain homeostasis?
Unicellular organisms grow, respond to the environment, transform energy, and reproduce
76
Do multicellular organisms live on their own?
No, they are interdependent
77
How do the cells of multicellular organisms work together to maintain homeostasis?
They become specialized for particular tasks and communicate with one another
78
What are the roles of cells?
Some are specialized to move; other to react to the environment; to produce substances that the organisms need, and contribute to homeostasis in the organisms
79
Is a group of similar cells that performs a particular function
Tissue
80
Many groups of tissues that work together
Organs
81
A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function
Organ system
82
Example of organ system
The stomach, pancreas, and the intensities work together as the digestive system
83
Are two of the remarkable attributes of living things
Specialization and Interdependence
84
To respond to one of the chemical signals a cell must have this to which the signaling molecule can blind
Receptor
85
Can cause important changes in cellular activity
Chemical signals
86
Example of Eukaryotes
Bacteria
87
Example of Prokaryotes
Fungi and Protist
88
Is a fluid in which a substance is dissolved
Solvent
89
Is a substance dissolved in a solvent
Solute
90
Is a combination of solute and solvent
Solution

Biology 9 (12 decks)

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