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Biology 9 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

German. Stated all animals are made of cells. Studied animal tissues

A

Schwann

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1
Q

German. Stated all plants are made of cells

A

Schleiden

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2
Q

German. Concluded that new cells can be produced only from the division of existing cells

A

Virchow

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3
Q

Father of cell biology. Came up with the term cell

A

Hooke

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4
Q

Made powerful microscopes

A

Leeuwenhoek

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5
Q

are cells that enclose their DNA in the nuclei The nucleus separates the genetic material from the rest of cell. Has a true nucleus
Examples: bacteria

A

Eukaryotes

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6
Q

are cells that do not enclose DNA in the nuclei. Do not separate their. genetic material within the nucleus. Do not have a nucleus
Examples: fungi and protist

A

Prokaryotes

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7
Q

Stores material within the cell

A

Vacuole

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8
Q

Closely stacked, flattened sacs. Contains chlorophyll, a green pigment that traps energy from the sunlight and gives plants their green color

A

Chloroplast

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9
Q

The sites of protein synthesis. Small bumps located on portions of the Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Ribosomes

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10
Q

Transports material within the cell. Provides temporary storage of food, enzymes and waste products

A

Vesicles

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11
Q

The region inside the cell expect the nucleus

A

Cytoplasm

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12
Q

Organelle that manages or controls all the cell functions in the eukaryotic cell

A

Nucleus

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13
Q

Digests excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles and invading viruses or bacteria

A

Lysosomes

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14
Q

Firm, protective structure that gives the cell it’s shape in plants, fungi, most bacteria and some protests

A

Cell wall

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15
Q

Produces a useable form of energy for the cell

A

Mitochondria

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16
Q

Packages protein for transport out of cell

A

Golgi Apparatus

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17
Q

Everything inside the cell including the nucleus

A

Cell structure

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18
Q

Site where ribosomes are made

A

Nucleolus

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19
Q

The membrane around the cell

A

Plasma Membrane

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20
Q

Provides support for the cell, has two “sub parts”

A

Cytoskeleton

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21
Q

Name for the collection of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells

A

Chromatin

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22
Q

Hollow tubes which provide cell support

A

Microtubules

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23
Q

Small-hair like structures used for movement or sensing things

A

Microfilaments

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24
Q

Composed of phospholipid bilayer

A

Cell membrane

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25
Q

Longer whip like structure used for movement

A

Flagellum

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26
Q

Only plays a role during cell division, becomes centrioles

A

Centromere

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27
Q

Transforms glucose into starch. Nonpigamented

A

Amyploplasts

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28
Q

Acts like a storage organelle. Important in the creation and storage of lipids and steroid

A

Smooth ER

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29
Q

The movement of substances into and out of the cell through the membrane

A

Cellular Transport

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30
Q

No energy expenditure (no ATP), substances move from high concentration to low concentration, substance move down the concentration gradient, occurs until equilibrium is reached

A

Passive Transport

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31
Q

The movement of solutes, in and out of the cell, through the cell membrane until equilibrium is reach

A

Diffusion

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32
Q

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane (plasma membrane)

A

Osmosis

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33
Q

The diffusion of solute through the cell membrane from high to love concentration with the assistance of a carrier protein. No ATP is used

A

Facilitated Diffusion

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34
Q

Uses energy (ATP), moves substances up the concentration gradient, solute moves from low to high concentration

A

Active Transport

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35
Q

Actively expelling substances from the cell

A

Exocytosis

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36
Q

Pumps water out of the cell when it enters a hypotonic environment

A

Contractile Vacuole

37
Q

Actively pumps ions into or out of the cell against the concentration gradient using ATP

A

Cellular Pump

38
Q

Types of Solutions

A

Isotonic, Hypertonic, Hypotonic Solution

39
Q

The concentration is dissolved solute is equal outside the cell compared to inside the cell. Human Red Blood Cells (RBC) prefer this environment

A

Isotonic Solution

40
Q

The concentration of dissolved solute is less outside the cell compared to inside the cell. Creates turgor pressure which is preferred by plants. This can lead to the destruction of cell

A

Hypotonic Solution

41
Q

The destruction of cells

A

Lysis

42
Q

The concentration of dissolved solute is greater outside the cell compared to inside the cell. This can lead to dehydration (plasmolysis in plants and crenation in RBCs) of the cell

A

Hypertonic Solution

43
Q

Two Types of Electron Microscopes

A

Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopes

44
Q

makes it possible to explore cell structures and large protein molecules

A

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

45
Q

produces stunning three-dimensional images of the specimen’s surface

A

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

46
Q

protects the cells from its own production of toxic hydrogen peroxide

A

Peroxisomes

47
Q

Three Types of Passive Transport

A

Simple diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, Osmosis

48
Q

Two Types of Active Transport

A

Endocytosis and Exocytosis

49
Q

Moves through the membrane through the use of a vesicle. Cell wraps around bacteria and releases its waste

A

Endocytosis

50
Q

Same as endocytosis only with liquid

A

Pinocytosis

51
Q

Same as endocytosis only with solids

A

Phagocytosis

52
Q

Type of membrane protein that is permanently attached to the biological membrane

A

Integral

53
Q

Proteins that stick to side

A

Peripheral

54
Q

Transports proteins

A

Carrier

55
Q

Two types of Endocytosis

A

Pinocytosis and Phagocytosis

56
Q

Environment in which water is flowing into the cell

A

Hypotonic Environment

57
Q

Formula of Solution

A

Solution=Solvent+Solute

58
Q

Example of the formula of solution

A

Koolaid= water+ koolaid powder

59
Q

In plants, causes plant cells to wither and shrivel. Plant cell losses water

A

Plasmolysis

60
Q

When RBCs shrivel and shrink. RBC loses water

A

Cremation

61
Q

What’s the cell theory

A

All living things are made up of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells

62
Q

How does a microscope work?

A

Most microscopes use lenses to magnify the image of an object by focusing light or electrons

63
Q

Are the basic unit of life

A

Cells

64
Q

Why is the cell membrane sometimes called the plasma membrane?

A

Because many cells in the body are in direct contact with the fluid portion of the blood-the plasma

65
Q

Is dotted with thousands of nuclear pores, which allow material to move into and out of the nucleus

A

Nuclear Envelope

66
Q

Are located near the nucleus and help organize cell division. Not found in plant cells

A

Centrioles

67
Q

Gives the cell membrane a flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cells and its surrounding

A

Lipid Bilayer

68
Q

Some substances can pass across them and others cannot. Also called semipermeable membranes

A

Selectively Permeable

69
Q

What’s the difference between animal and plant cells?

A

Animal Cells: centrioles

Plant Cells: chloroplasts

70
Q

Cells that allow water to pass right through them

A

Aquaporins

71
Q

The net movement of water out of or into s cell that produces a force

A

Osmotic Pressure

72
Q

Moves calcium, potassium, and sodium ions across the cell membrane

A

Protein Pumps

73
Q

Large molecules and even solid clumps of material can be transported by movements of the cell membrane

A

BulkTransport

74
Q

Internal physical and chemical conditions

A

Homeostasis

75
Q

How do you maintain homeostasis?

A

Unicellular organisms grow, respond to the environment, transform energy, and reproduce

76
Q

Do multicellular organisms live on their own?

A

No, they are interdependent

77
Q

How do the cells of multicellular organisms work together to maintain homeostasis?

A

They become specialized for particular tasks and communicate with one another

78
Q

What are the roles of cells?

A

Some are specialized to move; other to react to the environment; to produce substances that the organisms need, and contribute to homeostasis in the organisms

79
Q

Is a group of similar cells that performs a particular function

A

Tissue

80
Q

Many groups of tissues that work together

A

Organs

81
Q

A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function

A

Organ system

82
Q

Example of organ system

A

The stomach, pancreas, and the intensities work together as the digestive system

83
Q

Are two of the remarkable attributes of living things

A

Specialization and Interdependence

84
Q

To respond to one of the chemical signals a cell must have this to which the signaling molecule can blind

A

Receptor

85
Q

Can cause important changes in cellular activity

A

Chemical signals

86
Q

Example of Eukaryotes

A

Bacteria

87
Q

Example of Prokaryotes

A

Fungi and Protist

88
Q

Is a fluid in which a substance is dissolved

A

Solvent

89
Q

Is a substance dissolved in a solvent

A

Solute

90
Q

Is a combination of solute and solvent

A

Solution

Biology 9 (12 decks)

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