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Biology 9 > Chapter 2 Part 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Part 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Matter is made out of _______

A

Elements

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1
Q

Weight

A

Mass

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2
Q

Elements are made out of _______

A

Atoms

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3
Q

Is anything that takes up space and has mass

A

Matter

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4
Q

Example of matter

A

Human Body and a table

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5
Q

Makes up matter,a pure form of a substance

A

Elements

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6
Q

The smallest unit of matter that retains the identify of the substance. It can also have the chemical properties of elements. First proposed by Democratus

A

Atoms

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7
Q

Sub-atomic particle with a positive charge. It’s in the nucleus. Equals atomic number

A

Protons

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8
Q

Sub-atomic particle with a negative charge. Has no mass. Found in the “cloud” around nucleus. Distributed into electron shells based on levels of energy. Attracted to the nucleus. # electrons=positive charge

A

Electron

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9
Q

Sub-atomic particle with no charge. Number of protons plus _____ equal the atomic mass

A

Neutrons

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10
Q

Greek word for atom. Means “unable to cut”

A

Atomos

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11
Q

It’s a force that holds molecules together. The sharing or transferring of electrons. It’s how atoms come together

A

Chemical bonding

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12
Q

When two different atoms combine together

A

Compound

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13
Q

The smallest particle of a compound

A

Molecule

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14
Q

The electrons found in the outermost energy level

A

Valence electron

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15
Q

To make atoms stable

A

1-4 atoms: lose the electrons

4-7 atoms: gains the electrons

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16
Q

Atoms of the same element that differ only in the number of neutrons they contain. Used for medical treatment

A

Isotopes

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17
Q

a picture/drawing of valence electrons

A

Lewis Dot Diagram

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18
Q

An equal sharing of electrons. Fats and oils don’t dissolve in h2o

A

Non-Polar Covalent Bond

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19
Q

An unequal sharing of electrons. Sugar and ions dissolve and make h2o

A

Polar Covalent Bonds

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20
Q

Are the sharing of electron. Takes place between two non metals

A

Covalent Bond

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21
Q

Transfer electron from one element to another. Takes place between a metal and a non metal

A

Iconic Bond

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22
Q

Positively and negatively charged atoms

A

Ions

23
Q

An ion that has a positive charge

A

Cation

24
Q

An ion that has a negative charge

A

Anion

25
Q

How do you get the number of neutrons?

A

Atomic Mass-Atomic Number=Number of Neutrons

26
Q

A process that changes some chemical substance into others. Needed to form a compound and separate the substance in a compound

A

Chemical Reaction

27
Q

Thought that the smallest fragment was an atom

A

Democritus

28
Q

The center of an atom that contains the mass of an atom

A

Nucleus

29
Q

Region that surrounds the nucleus that contains most of the space in the atom

A

Electron Cloud

30
Q

The nucleus contains 2 of the 3 subatomic particles

A

Protons and Neutrons

31
Q

Live compacted in the tiny positively charged nucleus accounting for most of the mass of the atom

A

Protons and Neutrons

32
Q

This number indicates the number of protons in atom

A

Atomic Number

33
Q

The number of protons and and neutrons in the nucleus

A

Mass Number

34
Q

How are the particles arranged?

A 
Circle: protons and neutrons 
1st Circle: holds up 2 e- 
2nd Circle: holds up 8 e-
3rd Circle: holds up 18 e-
4th Circle: holds up 32 e-
35
Q

Are small and have a relatively small mass but occupy a large volume of space outside the nucleus

A

Negatively Charged Electrons

36
Q

Water is a _________ and has a high _______

A

Polar molecule and has a high heat capacity

37
Q

A weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and electronegative atom in the other

A

Hydrogen Bond

38
Q

Nondissolved material

A

Suspension

39
Q

One or two parts of a solution. Does the dissolving

A

Solvent

40
Q

What’s being dissolved

A

Solute

41
Q

When water molecules stick together

A

Cohesion

42
Q

When water molecules don’t stick together

A

Adhesion

43
Q

Concentration of hydronium ions in a solution.

Ranges from 1-14. 1 being the strongest acid and 14 being the strongest base. 7 is the point of neutrality

A

PH scale

44
Q

Any compound that forms H+ ions in solution
A solution with ph lower then 7
The more acidic the solution is, the lower the ph value is
Sour
Stronger ____can be harmful to organism and also damage materials

A

Acid

45
Q 
A compound that produces hydroxide 
A solution with a ph higher then 7 
Can harm organisms and damage materials
Bitter 
Slimy
A

Base

46
Q

are weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases , to prevent sharp, sudden changes

A

Buffers

47
Q

When nonionic compound is converted to ions

A

Ionization

48
Q

Matter is neither created or destroyed in chemical rxns. # of atoms of reactants=# atoms of product

A

Law of conversion of matter

49
Q

The energy needed to get a chemical reaction started

A

Activation Energy

50
Q

Breakdown of water

A

Hydrolysis rxn

51
Q

Stands for the “log off”

A

P

52
Q

Stands for H+ ion concentration

A

H

53
Q

Smallest unit

A

Monomers

54
Q

Monomers join together and form _____. Means many parts

A

Polymers

55
Q

Used physical laws and measurement to understand chemicals-father of modern chemistry

A

Lavoisier

56
Q

Form new molecules for growth and maintenance and May store release or use energy to do work

A

Rxns

Biology 9 (12 decks)

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