Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 9 > Chapter 34 > Flashcards

Chapter 34 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Caused by neisseria gonorrhea and transmitted by discharge from the mucus membrane. Urethritis in the men and vaginitis in women are the first effects along with pus discharge, but often no symptoms show. The infection can proceed further into the reproductive organs and lead to infertility due to scar tissue formation. The infection may also be passed to a baby at birth and can cause blindness

A

Gonorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Caused by treponema pallidum and transmitted by sexual contact, blood, and thru the placenta. The disease goes through various stages: begins with a chancre sore at the point of contact that heals in a few weeks. A rash, fever, and joint and muscular aches follow and the disease spreads to all system as the nervous system becomes involved the disease is termed “neurosyphilis”. Loss of motor control follow as well as memory loss, irritability and hallucinations occur

A

Syphilis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Caused by chlamydia trachomatis, a bacterium that reproduces inside of the body’s cells. Initially caused no symptoms, then leads to inflammation of the reproductive organs, leading to infertility in men and women, or the possibility of ectopic pregnancy due to inflammation of the uterine tubes

A

Chlamydia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Caused by a virus, and leads to cirrhosis of the liver. Individuals with hepatitis B can then contract hepatitis D which results in severe liver damage and is even more deathly than this one

A

Hepatitis B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Each species has a characteristics number of chromosomes
Humans & Black Mollies?
Redwood?

A

Humans and Black Mollies (46)

Redwood (22)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Chromosomes that carry the same genes

A

Homologous Chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Body cells

A

Somatic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Contain two sets of homologous chromosomes (2n)

A

Diploid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Reproductive cells

A

Gamete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Reproductive cell in the females

A

Ovum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Reproductive cells in males

A

Sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Contain only one set of unpaired chromosomes (n)

A

Haploid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Two successive cell divisions that produce gametes

A

Meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

True/False: In meiosis the first step reduces chromosome number to haploid. It provides genetic variation through random mixture of chromosomes in gametes

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

During prophase I. Breaking and exchange of homologous chromosomes at one or more sites along their length, resulting in genetic recombination

A

Crossing over

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

DNA transferred from donor to recipient cell via ________ bridge

A

Conjugation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Life cycle that includes both asexual and sexual forms

A

Alternation of Generations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ova

A

Ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sperm

A

Testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Male releases sperm into female reproductive organ

A

Internal Fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Stimulates the production of estrogen and progesterone. Released only during very early in pregnancy. Hormone which pregnancy test look for

A

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where testes are located and remain cooler for proper sperm production

A

Scrotum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where sperm are stored

A

Epididymis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Sperm duct

A

Vas Deferens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Transports sperm. Produced by prostate gland and seminal vesicle. Fructose

A

Seminal fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Spermicide and seminal fluid

A

Semen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Semen travel through vas urethane and out of the body

A

Ejaculation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Male hormones. Testosterone. FSH

A

Androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

True/False: secondary sex characteristics, like mature genitalia, femal breasts, body & facial hair, muscular development and deep male voice don’t happen at puberty

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Are released in one part of the body, travel through the blood and affect cells in other parts of the body

A

Hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the components of the endocrine system

A

Made up of glands that release hormones into the blood. Hormones deliver messages throughout the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Hormones act by binding to specific chemical receptors on cell membranes or within cells. Cells that have receptors for a particular hormone

A

Target cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

The body’s responses to hormones last how long

A

Can take up to several minutes, hours, or days for hormones to have full effect on its target cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Releases their sections through tube-like structures either out of the body or directly into the digestive system. Like sweating, crying and digestive enzymes

A

Exocrine Gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Releases their sections directly into the blood, which transports the secretions throughout the body

A

Endocrine Gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

makes hormones that control the pituitary gland and hormones that are stored in the pituitary gland

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

produces hormones that regulate many of the other endocrine glands and some organs. A bean like structure that dangles on slender stalk of tissue at the base of the brain

A

Pituitary Gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

release parathyroid hormone, which regulates the level of calcium in the blood

A

Parathyroid Gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

releases thymosin which stimulates T cell development and proper immune response

A

Thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

release hormones that help the body respond to stress

A

Adrenal Gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

releases melatonin, which is involved in rhythmic activists, such as sleep

A

Pineal Gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

produces thyroxine, which regulates metabolism throughout the body

A

Thyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

produces insulin and glucagon, which regulates the level of glucose in the blood

A

Pancreas

44
Q

produce estrogen and progesterone

A

Ovaries

45
Q

female secondary sex characteristics and the development of the egg

A

Estrogen

46
Q

prepares the uterus for a fertilized egg

A

Progesterone

47
Q

produce testosterone, which is responsible for spermicide production and the development of male secondary sex characteristics

A

Testes

48
Q

Can enter the nucleus and change the pattern of gene expression in a target cell
1. Enters a cell by passing directly across the cell membrane
2. The hormone binds to a receptor and forms a hormone-receptor complex
Found only in the hormone’s target cell
3. The hormone-receptor enters the cell, and binds to regions of DNA
4. The binding initiates the transcription of specific genes
5. mRNA moves into the cytoplasm and directs protein synthesis

A

Steroid Hormone

49
Q

Binds to receptors on cell membranes and cause the release of secondary messenger that affect cell activities

  1. Binds into the receptor on the cell membrane
  2. The binding of the hormone activates enzymes on the inner surface of the cell membrane
  3. The enzymes release secondary messengers such as calcium ions, nucleotides, and even fatty acids
  4. The secondary messenger can activate or inhibit a wide range of cell activities
A

Nonsteroid Hormone

50
Q

Are modified fatty acids that are produced by a wide range of cells. Are generally affect only nearby cells and tissues and thus are sometimes known as “local hormones”. Some can cause smooth muscles, such as those in the uterus, bronchioles and blood vessels to contract. One group causes the sensation of pain during most headaches

A

Prostaglandins

51
Q

Controls the secretions of the pituitary gland. It activities are influenced by levels of hormones and other substances in the blood and by sensory information collected by other parts of the central nervous system

A

Hypothalamus

52
Q

Stimulates the kidney to absorb water, and oxytocin, which stimulates contractions during childbirth

A

Antidiuretic Hormone

53
Q

Stimulates production of mature eggs in ovaries and sperm in testes

A

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

54
Q

Stimulates ovaries and testes; prepares uterus for implantation of fertilized egg

A

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

55
Q

Stimulates the synthesis and release of thyroxine from the thyroid gland

A

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

56
Q

Stimulates releases of some hormones from the adrenal cortex

A

Adreno-Corticotrooic Hormone (ACTH)

57
Q

Stimulates protein synthesis and growth in cells

A

Growth Hormone (GH)

58
Q

Stimulates milk production in nursing mother

A

Prolactin

59
Q

Stimulates melanocytes in the skin to increase the production of the pigment melanin

A

Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (MSH)

60
Q

Are secreted into blood vessels leading to the anterior pituitary

A

Releasing Hormones

61
Q

When the body fails to produce or properly respond to insulin. Very high blood glucose levels that result this can damage almost every system and cell in the body

A

Diabetes Mellitus

62
Q

Is an autoimmune disorder that usually develops in people before the age of 15. The immune system kills beta cells, resulting in little or no secretion of insulin

A

Type 1 Diabetes

63
Q

Most commonly develops in people after the age of 40. Produce low to normal amounts of insulin. Their cells do not properly respond to the hormone because the interaction of insulin receptors and insulin is ineffiecent

A

Type 2 Diabetes

64
Q

Where is the thyroid gland located?

A

At the base of the neck and wraps around the upper part of the trachea

65
Q

Increases the metabolic rate of cells throughout the body. Cells become more active, use more energy and produce more heat

A

Thyroxine

66
Q

How are endocrine glands controlled

A

Regulated by feedback mechanisms that function to maintain homeostasis

67
Q

During this week of development, the reproductive systems of males and female embryos begin to develop along different lines

A

7

68
Q

Is a period of rapid growth and sexual maturation during why the reproductive system becomes fully functional. It actually begins in the brain, when hypothalamus signals that pituitary to produce two hormones that affect the gonads

A

Puberty

69
Q

True/False: when puberty is complete, the reproductive system is fully functional meaning that the male can produce and release active speak

A

True

70
Q

Within each testis are clusters of hundred of tiny tubes

A

Seminiferous

71
Q

Where the sperm develops

A

Tubules

72
Q

The process where the penis becomes erect and the sperm are ejected from the penis by contraction of smooth muscles lining the glands in the reproductive tract. About 2-6 milliners of semen are released in an average ejaculation

A

Ejaculation

73
Q

What does a mature sperm consist of

A

A head, mid piece, a tail, and the tip of the head

74
Q

Where eggs are held and produced. He,d in place by ligaments and tendons

A

Ovary

75
Q

Also called oviducts. 8-10 centimeters long tubes that eggs travels to make it into the uterus. Take the egg 3-5 days to travel

A

Fallopian Tubes

76
Q

Also called the womb. Pear-shaped muscular organ. Only held in place by ligaments and tendons. Site where menstruation occurs

A

Uterus

77
Q

Passageway for the menstrual flow and babies to exit the body. Where sperm is deposited

A

Vagina

78
Q

Found outside of the body. Where the sperm is made and made up of seminiferous tubules

A

Testis

79
Q

The way sperm and urine exit the May. With the help of accessory gland (seminal duct, ejaculatory duct, and prostate duct). Produced seminal fluid (nourishment and protection for the sperm)

A

Urethra

80
Q

Fertilization occurs in the

A

Fallopian tube

81
Q

Fertilized egg

A

Zygote

82
Q

3-4 days after fertilization. Solid ball of 50-64 cells

A

Morula

83
Q

4-5 days after fertilization. Hollow ball of cells

A

Blastocyst

84
Q

Formation of 3 layers ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

A

Gastrulation

85
Q

Skin and nervous system

A

Ectoderm

86
Q

Blood, muscle, bone

A

Mesoderm

87
Q

Lining of organs, stomach, intestines, respiratory system and excretory system

A

Endoderm

88
Q

Formation of the backbone

A

Neurolation

89
Q

Embryo buries itself in uterine wall

A

Implantation

90
Q

The process by which unspecialized cells become specialized. Start the organ making

A

Differentiation

91
Q

Temporary organ that begins to form from the trophoblast later of cells shortly after implantation. Connects the baby to the mother

A

Placenta

92
Q

An enclosed membrane that surrounds and protects the fetus. Allows the baby to move. Cushions the fetus and protects it form injury

A

Amniotic Sac

93
Q

The carrying of one or more offspring from fertilization until birth

A

Pregnancy

94
Q

Hormone made by the hypothalamus. Stoked in the pituitary gland causes contractions (cervix expanding)

A

Oxytocin

95
Q

First year after birth

A

Infancy

96
Q

1-3 years after birth

A

Toddler

97
Q

4-9 years after birth

A

Kid

98
Q

10-12 years after birth

A

Pre-teen

99
Q

13-18 years after birth

A

Teenager

100
Q

19-35 years after birth

A

Early adulthood

101
Q

36-65 years after birth

A

Middle adulthood

102
Q

66-end of life

A

Old age

103
Q

Caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV-2). Painful blisters along the all parts of the penis and the vulva and vagina develop. Blisters appear and disappear with various recurrences in a year. It is incurable. Released to HSV-1, which causes cold sores in the mouth

A

Genital Herpes

104
Q

Ovulation occurs on what day

A

15

105
Q

How long is the menstrual cycle?

A

28 days

Biology 9 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions