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Biology 9 > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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0
Q

In order for a cell to divide successfully, the cell must first

A

Duplicate its genetic information

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1
Q

The rate at which materials enter and leave the cell depends on the cells?

A

Surface Area

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2
Q

Offspring by sexual reproduction inherit some of their genetic information from each parent

A

Sexual reproduction

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3
Q

Is the amount of material inside a cell

A

Cell volume

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4
Q

Is the total area of the cells membrane

A

Cell surface area

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5
Q

Is the surface area compared to the volume

A

Ratio of surface area to volume

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6
Q

Sister chromatids are attached to each other at an area called the

A

Centromere

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7
Q

In plant cells, what forms midway between the divided nuclei during cytokinesis?

A

Cell plate

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8
Q

What is the relationship between interphase and cell division

A

Interphase is the period of growth between cell division

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9
Q

The timing in the cell cycle is believed to be controlled by a group of closely related proteins known as

A

Cyclins

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10
Q

Two nuclei’ with the same set of chromosomes are formed

A

Cytokinesis

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11
Q

When does cytokinesis start

A

During anaphase and telophase

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12
Q

Cytokinesis completes

A

Cell division

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13
Q

Cell parts used during cytokinesis?

A

Cytoplasm and nucleus

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14
Q

The membrane that goes inward is separated. Each part of that membrane that separates has a nucleus and organelles

A

Animal Cell Cytokinesis

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15
Q

The cell creates a cell plate that forms between the divided nuclei. As the cell plate starts to grow it separates the 2 daughter cells. After it separates the 2 daughter cells it forms a cell wall

A

Plant Cell Cytokinesis

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16
Q

The resting phase between the first and second division of meiosis

A

Interphase

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17
Q

Interphase has 3 stages

A

G1, S, G2

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18
Q

The first step of interphase. This is where most of the growing of the cells occur

A

G1

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19
Q

Second stage of interphase. Replicates chromosomes and new DNA is synthesized

A

S phase

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20
Q

Last stage of interphase. Shortest stage. It is the growth and preparation for cell division

A

G2 phase

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21
Q

The process of diving chromosomes during cell division in eukaryotic cells

A

Mitosis

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22
Q

The process that follows mitosis is

A

Cytokinesis

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23
Q

First stage of Mitosis.Chromatin condenses into chromosomes and the Nucleolus disappears. Longest phase

A

Prophase

24
Q

Second stage of mitosis. Chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate. Spindle fibers connect to the centromere of each chromosomes to the two poles of the spindle

A

Metaphase

25
Q

Third stage of mitosis. Chromosomes break at centromeres and sister chromatids move to opposite end of the cell

A

Anaphase

26
Q

The fourth stage of mitosis. Nuclear membrane reforms, nucleoli reappear, chromosomes unwind into chromatin. The end result is two new cells that are genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell

A

Telophase

27
Q

(L x w x 6)

A

Formula of an area

28
Q

(L x w x h)

A

Formula for volume

29
Q

Limits the size of cells

A

DNA

30
Q

The splitting of a cell. Prevents the cell from getting to big. 2 parents cells splitting into 2 daughter cells

A

Cell division

31
Q

What is the purpose of reproduction?

A

To maintain a species

32
Q

The production of genetically identical offspring from a single parent

A

Asexual reproduction

33
Q

Types of asexual reproduction

A

Binary fission, budding, fragmentation

34
Q

Which reproduction is faster?

A

Asexual reproduction

35
Q

Before any cell can divide DNA has to be

A

Divided

36
Q

The highly condensed form of DNA. Genetic information is bundled into packages of DNA

A

Chromosome

37
Q

The chromosomes in eukaryotic cells form a close association with Histone, a type of protein. Complex of chromosomes and protein

A

Chromatin

38
Q

The time it takes to get a cell to grow and divide

A

Cell Cycle

39
Q

Steps in Cell Cycle

A

Interphase, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis

40
Q

The duplicated strands of the DNA molecule can be seen to be attached along their length

A

Centromere

41
Q

Each DNA strand in the duplicated chromosome.

Example: sister chromatid

A

Chromatid

42
Q

Spindle fiber extended from a region, where tiny paired structures are located

A

Centrioles

43
Q

Skin cells

A

24 hours

44
Q

Nerve cells

A

After maturity

45
Q

Cancer cell

A

Very short

46
Q

The cell cycle is controlled by _________both inside and outside the cell

A

Regulatory protein

47
Q

Responds to events occurring to the cells. Allows the cell cycle to proceed only when certain events have occurred in the cell itself

A

Internal regulation

48
Q

Proteins that respond to events outside of the cell. Direct cells to sped up or slow down the cell cycle

A

External regulation

49
Q

Stimulates the growth and division of cells

A

Growth factor

50
Q

The death of a cell

A

Apoptosis

51
Q

How do cancer cell differ from other cells

A

They don’t respond to signals that regulate the growth of most cells

52
Q

Cancer cells

A

Tumors

53
Q

2 types of Tumors

A

Benign and Malignant

54
Q

Not harmful

A

Benign

55
Q

Harmful

A

Malignant

56
Q

The pause in the cycle to fix a problem

A

Cell cycle arrest

57
Q

Pack together to form thick fibers, which condenses even further during cell division

A

Nucleosomes

Biology 9 (12 decks)

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