Chapter 3 Flashcards
0
Q
non-living
A
abiotic
1
Q
consists of all life on earth and all parts of the earth in which life exists
A
Biosphere
2
Q
living
A
biotic
3
Q
examples of abiotic
A
rock and water
4
Q
examples of biotic
A
dog and tiger
5
Q
is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their physical environment
A
ecology
6
Q
whats the smallest way to study the earth
A
cell
7
Q
whats the largest to study the earth is
A
biosphere
8
Q
the assemblage of a specific type of organism living in a given area
A
population
9
Q
Plants are what we call
A
producers
10
Q
producers are what we call
A
autotrophs
11
Q
make their own food
A
autotrophs
12
Q
example of autotrophs
A
plants
13
Q
are the first producers of enery-rich compounds that are later used by other organisms. are essential to the flow of energy through the biosphere
A
primary producers
14
Q
other feeders. cannot make their own food
A
Heterotroph
15
Q
animal feeding on plants
A
Herbivores
16
Q
example of a herbivore
A
horse
17
Q
animal that eats flesh
A
carnivore
18
Q
example of omnivore
A
bear
19
Q
animal that eats both plants and flesh
A
omnivore
20
Q
example of carnivores
A
tiger
21
Q
order of the food chain
A
primary producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, top consumer
22
Q
are animals that consume that carcasses of other animals that have been killed by predators or have died of other causes
A
scavengers
23
Q
examples of a scavenger
A
king vulture
24
like bacteria and fungi "feed" by chemically breaking down organic matter
decomposers
25
example of decomposer
small pieces of dead or decay plants and animals
26
feed on detritus particles
detritivores
27
example of detritivores
earthworms
28
producers gain energy from
the sun
29
herbivores gain energy from
producer
30
carnivores gain energy from
herbivore
31
omnivores gain energy from
carnivore
32
captures light energy and uses it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates such as sugars and starches. Adds oxygen to the atmosphere and removes carbon dioxide
photosynthesis
33
the flow of energy goes
one direction
34
energy decreasing by
10%
35
chemical energy used to produce carbohydrates
chemosynthesis
36
animals gain sodium and nutrients from
dead tissues
37
How does Nitrogen get put into the environment?
lightning
38
what do we release when we breathe out
carbon dioxide
39
can heat be lost?
yes
40
can nutrients be lost?
no but it can be changed
41
examples of matter being recycled in the atmosphere
water cycle, nitrogen cycle, and phosphorus cycle
42
is energy recyclable?
no
43
the ability to do something. it requires energy
work
44
the total amount of living tissues with a given trophic level
biomass
45
a group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring
species
46
an assemblage of different population that live together in a defined area
community
47
all the organisms that live in a place, together with their physical environment
ecosystem
48
is a group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms
biome
49
is often the first step in asking ecological questions
observation
50
can be used to test a hypothesis
experimentation
51
help them understand
models
52
organisms that rely on other organisms for energy and nutrients
consumers
53
organisms need _______ for growth, reproduction, and their own metabolic processes
energy
54
is the ultimate energy source
sunlight
55
primary producers are a mixture of floating alge
phytoplankton
56
a diverse group of small swimming animals
zooplankton
57
examples of zooplankton
krills
58
each step in a food chain
trophic level
59
shows the relative amount of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a given food chain or food web
ecological pyramid
60
elements pass from one organism to another and among parts of the biosphere through closed loops
biogeochemical cycle
61
consist of any and all activities performed by living organisms. these processes include eating, breathing, "burning" food, and eliminating waste products
biological processes
62
includes volcanic eruptions, the formation and breakdown of rock, and major movements of matter within and below the surface of the earth
geological processes
63
include the formation of clouds and precipitation, the flow of running water, and the action of lightning
chemical and physical processes
64
affect cycles of matter on a global scale include the mining and burning of fossils fuels, the clearing of land for building and farming, the burning of forests, and the manufacture and use of fertilizers
human activity
65
how does water cycle through the biosphere
water continuously moves between the oceans, the atmosphere, and land--sometimes outside living organisms and sometimes inside them and transpiration
66
the chemical substance that an organism needs to sustain life
nutrients
67
what is the importance of main nutrient cycle?
every organism need nutrients to build tissues and carry out life functions. like water, nutrients pass through organisms and the environment through biogeochemical cycle
68
is a major component of all organic compounds, including carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic cids
carbon
69
how does carbon move through the biosphere
plants take in carbon dioxide during photosynthesis and use carbon to build carbohydrates to build carbohydrates
70
how is carbon released into the atmosphere
through volcanic activity or by human activities , such as burning of fossil fuels and the clearing and burning of forests
71
all organisms require _______ to make amino acids
nitrogen
72
the bacteria converts nitrogen gas into ammonia
nitrogen fixation
73
other soil bacteria obtain energy by converting nitrates into nitrogen gas, which is released into the atmosphere
denitrification
74
how is nitrogen added into the biosphere
through the manufacture and use of fertilizers
75
is essential to living organisms because it forms a part of vital molecules such as DNA and RNA
phosphorus
76
where is phosphorous
on land
77
the nutrient whose supply limits productivity
limiting nutrient
78
Why do we study ecology?
We live in the natural world and use it resources. The natural world affects our lives (weather, fire, economy). To protect biodiversity
79
Levels of organization
Biosphere, biome ecosystem, community, population, and organisms
80
How do we study ecology?
Observing, experimentation, and modeling
81
How do organisms obtain energy in an ecosystem?
Sunlight and Autotrophs
82
Example of Autotrophs
Plants, algae, and Cyanobacteria
83
A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
Food chain
84
Steps of the phosphorus cycle
It is found in rocks and sediment in which gets moved by water, plants absorb phosphorus in the form of phosphate from soil and water, and Heterotrophs consume plants
