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Biology 9 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

non-living

A

abiotic

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1
Q

consists of all life on earth and all parts of the earth in which life exists

A

Biosphere

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2
Q

living

A

biotic

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3
Q

examples of abiotic

A

rock and water

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4
Q

examples of biotic

A

dog and tiger

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5
Q

is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their physical environment

A

ecology

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6
Q

whats the smallest way to study the earth

A

cell

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7
Q

whats the largest to study the earth is

A

biosphere

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8
Q

the assemblage of a specific type of organism living in a given area

A

population

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9
Q

Plants are what we call

A

producers

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10
Q

producers are what we call

A

autotrophs

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11
Q

make their own food

A

autotrophs

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12
Q

example of autotrophs

A

plants

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13
Q

are the first producers of enery-rich compounds that are later used by other organisms. are essential to the flow of energy through the biosphere

A

primary producers

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14
Q

other feeders. cannot make their own food

A

Heterotroph

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15
Q

animal feeding on plants

A

Herbivores

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16
Q

example of a herbivore

A

horse

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17
Q

animal that eats flesh

A

carnivore

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18
Q

example of omnivore

A

bear

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19
Q

animal that eats both plants and flesh

A

omnivore

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20
Q

example of carnivores

A

tiger

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21
Q

order of the food chain

A

primary producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, top consumer

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22
Q

are animals that consume that carcasses of other animals that have been killed by predators or have died of other causes

A

scavengers

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23
Q

examples of a scavenger

A

king vulture

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24
Q

like bacteria and fungi “feed” by chemically breaking down organic matter

A

decomposers

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25
Q

example of decomposer

A

small pieces of dead or decay plants and animals

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26
Q

feed on detritus particles

A

detritivores

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27
Q

example of detritivores

A

earthworms

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28
Q

producers gain energy from

A

the sun

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29
Q

herbivores gain energy from

A

producer

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30
Q

carnivores gain energy from

A

herbivore

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31
Q

omnivores gain energy from

A

carnivore

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32
Q

captures light energy and uses it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates such as sugars and starches. Adds oxygen to the atmosphere and removes carbon dioxide

A

photosynthesis

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33
Q

the flow of energy goes

A

one direction

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34
Q

energy decreasing by

A

10%

35
Q

chemical energy used to produce carbohydrates

A

chemosynthesis

36
Q

animals gain sodium and nutrients from

A

dead tissues

37
Q

How does Nitrogen get put into the environment?

A

lightning

38
Q

what do we release when we breathe out

A

carbon dioxide

39
Q

can heat be lost?

A

yes

40
Q

can nutrients be lost?

A

no but it can be changed

41
Q

examples of matter being recycled in the atmosphere

A

water cycle, nitrogen cycle, and phosphorus cycle

42
Q

is energy recyclable?

A

no

43
Q

the ability to do something. it requires energy

A

work

44
Q

the total amount of living tissues with a given trophic level

A

biomass

45
Q

a group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring

A

species

46
Q

an assemblage of different population that live together in a defined area

A

community

47
Q

all the organisms that live in a place, together with their physical environment

A

ecosystem

48
Q

is a group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms

A

biome

49
Q

is often the first step in asking ecological questions

A

observation

50
Q

can be used to test a hypothesis

A

experimentation

51
Q

help them understand

A

models

52
Q

organisms that rely on other organisms for energy and nutrients

A

consumers

53
Q

organisms need _______ for growth, reproduction, and their own metabolic processes

A

energy

54
Q

is the ultimate energy source

A

sunlight

55
Q

primary producers are a mixture of floating alge

A

phytoplankton

56
Q

a diverse group of small swimming animals

A

zooplankton

57
Q

examples of zooplankton

A

krills

58
Q

each step in a food chain

A

trophic level

59
Q

shows the relative amount of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a given food chain or food web

A

ecological pyramid

60
Q

elements pass from one organism to another and among parts of the biosphere through closed loops

A

biogeochemical cycle

61
Q

consist of any and all activities performed by living organisms. these processes include eating, breathing, “burning” food, and eliminating waste products

A

biological processes

62
Q

includes volcanic eruptions, the formation and breakdown of rock, and major movements of matter within and below the surface of the earth

A

geological processes

63
Q

include the formation of clouds and precipitation, the flow of running water, and the action of lightning

A

chemical and physical processes

64
Q

affect cycles of matter on a global scale include the mining and burning of fossils fuels, the clearing of land for building and farming, the burning of forests, and the manufacture and use of fertilizers

A

human activity

65
Q

how does water cycle through the biosphere

A

water continuously moves between the oceans, the atmosphere, and land–sometimes outside living organisms and sometimes inside them and transpiration

66
Q

the chemical substance that an organism needs to sustain life

A

nutrients

67
Q

what is the importance of main nutrient cycle?

A

every organism need nutrients to build tissues and carry out life functions. like water, nutrients pass through organisms and the environment through biogeochemical cycle

68
Q

is a major component of all organic compounds, including carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic cids

A

carbon

69
Q

how does carbon move through the biosphere

A

plants take in carbon dioxide during photosynthesis and use carbon to build carbohydrates to build carbohydrates

70
Q

how is carbon released into the atmosphere

A

through volcanic activity or by human activities , such as burning of fossil fuels and the clearing and burning of forests

71
Q

all organisms require _______ to make amino acids

A

nitrogen

72
Q

the bacteria converts nitrogen gas into ammonia

A

nitrogen fixation

73
Q

other soil bacteria obtain energy by converting nitrates into nitrogen gas, which is released into the atmosphere

A

denitrification

74
Q

how is nitrogen added into the biosphere

A

through the manufacture and use of fertilizers

75
Q

is essential to living organisms because it forms a part of vital molecules such as DNA and RNA

A

phosphorus

76
Q

where is phosphorous

A

on land

77
Q

the nutrient whose supply limits productivity

A

limiting nutrient

78
Q

Why do we study ecology?

A

We live in the natural world and use it resources. The natural world affects our lives (weather, fire, economy). To protect biodiversity

79
Q

Levels of organization

A

Biosphere, biome ecosystem, community, population, and organisms

80
Q

How do we study ecology?

A

Observing, experimentation, and modeling

81
Q

How do organisms obtain energy in an ecosystem?

A

Sunlight and Autotrophs

82
Q

Example of Autotrophs

A

Plants, algae, and Cyanobacteria

83
Q

A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten

A

Food chain

84
Q

Steps of the phosphorus cycle

A

It is found in rocks and sediment in which gets moved by water, plants absorb phosphorus in the form of phosphate from soil and water, and Heterotrophs consume plants

Biology 9 (12 decks)

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