Chapter 9

Question 0

Where do organisms get energy

Answer 0

Organisms get the energy they need from food

Question 1

For all organisms, ________ contain chemical energy that is released when their chemicals bonds are broken

Answer 1

Food molecules

Question 2

Is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius

Answer 2

Calorie

Question 3

The calorie (capital C) that is used on food labels is _______, or 1000 calories

Answer 3

Kilocalorie

Question 4

Cells can use all sorts of molecules for foods, including

Answer 4

Fats, protein, and carbohydrate

Question 5

The energy stored in each of these macromolecules varies because of their ______________, and therefore their energy-storing bonds, differ

Answer 5

Chemical structure

Question 6

Beef releases ________ calories of heat energy when it’s bonds are broken

Answer 6

8893

Question 7

Carbohydrates and protein contain _________ calories (4 Calories) energy per gram

Answer 7

4000

Question 8

Fats contain ________ calories (9 calories) per gram

Answer 8

9000 calories

Question 9

Is the process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen

Answer 9

Cellular Respiration

Question 10

Formula of Cellular Respiration in Symbols

Answer 10

6O2+C6H12O6—>6CO2+6H2O+Energy

Question 11

Formula of Cellular Respiration In Words

Answer 11

Oxygen+Glucose—> Carbon Dioxide+Water+Energy

Question 12

3 Main Stages of Cellular Respiration

Answer 12

Glycolysis, The Kreb Cycle, Electron Transport Chain

Question 13

Glucose first enters a chemical pathway, only a small amount of energy is captured to form ATP. In the end of this stage, about 90% of the chemical energy that was available is still unused, locked in the chemical bonds of molecule called pyruvic acid. Occurs in the cytoplasm

Answer 13

Glycolysis

Question 14

The pyruvic acid enters this stage, where a little more energy is generated. Occurs in the way to the mitochondria, matrix

Answer 14

The Kreb Cycle

Question 15

The bulk of energy go to this stage. This stage requires reactants from the other two stages of the process. Occurs in the cristea of the mitochondria

Answer 15

Electron Transport Chain

Question 16

How does the electron transport chain extract so much energy from these reactants?

Answer 16

It uses oxygen

Question 17

Is require at the very of the electron transport chain

Answer 17

Oxygen

Question 18

Breathing

Answer 18

Respiration

Question 19

Refers to energy releasing pathways within the cell

Answer 19

Cellular Respiration

Question 20

In air

Answer 20

Aerobic

Question 21

Are both aerobic processes

Answer 21

The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain

Question 22

Does not directly require oxygen, it is classified as an aerobic process before it cannot run without the oxygen-requiring electron transport chain

Answer 22

The Kreb Cycle

Question 23

Without air

Answer 23

Anaerobic

Question 24

Is an anaerobic process

Answer 24

Glycolysis

Question 25

Are structures in the cell that convert chemical energy stored in food or usable energy for the cell

Answer 25

Mitochondria

Question 26

What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Answer 26

Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back. Photosynthesis releases oxygen into the atmosphere, and cellular uses that oxygen to releases energy from food

Question 27

The release of energy by cellular respiration take place in nearly all life

Answer 27

Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protists, Most bacteria

Question 28

Energy captured by photosynthesis occurs in

Answer 28

Plants, Algae, and Some bacteria

Question 29

What happens during the process of glycolysis?

Answer 29

1 molecules of glucose, a 6 carbon compound, is transformed into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid, a 3 carbon compounds. As the bonds in glucose are broken and rearranged, energy is released

Question 30

In the pathway's beginning, ___ATP molecules are used up

Answer 30

2

Question 31

Although the cell puts 2ATP molecules into its "account" to get glycolysis going, glycolysis produces __ATP molecules

Answer 31

4

Question 32

One of the reactions of glycolysis removes 4 electrons, now in high-energy stage, and passes the, to an electron carried called

Answer 32

NAD*

Question 33

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Answer 33

NAD*

Question 34

_____molecules accepts a pair of high-energy electrons

Answer 34

NAD*

Question 35

_______, holds the electrons until they can be transferred to other molecules

Answer 35

NADH

Question 36

In the process of glycolysis, 4 ATP molecules are synthesized from __ADP. Given that 2ATP molecules are used to start the process, there is a net gain of just 2ATP molecules

Answer 36

4

Question 37

Although the _________ from glycolysis is small, the process is so fast that cells can produce thousands of ATP molecules in just a few milliseconds

Answer 37

Energy yield

Question 38

The _____ of glycolysis can be a big advantage when the energy demands of a cell suddenly increase

Answer 38

Speed

Question 39

Can quickly supple chemical energy to cells when oxygen is not available

Answer 39

Glycolysis

Question 40

When _____is available, however, the pruvic acid and NADH "outputs" generated during glycolysis becomes the "inputs" from the other processes of cellular respiration

Answer 40

Oxygen

Question 41

Energy Storing Molecules

Answer 41

ATP, NADPH, FADH, FADH2

Question 42

Glyco

Answer 42

Glucose

Question 43

Lysis

Answer 43

Breakdown

Question 44

Result of Glycolysis

Answer 44

4 ATP and 2 NADH

Question 45

Is the structure in the cell that converts chemical energy stored in food to usable energy for the cell

Answer 45

Mitochondrion

Question 46

Result of the Kreb Cycle

Answer 46

Carbon Dioxide, 8 NADH, 2FADH

Question 47

The Krebs Cycle could also be called

Answer 47

The Citric Acid Cycle

Question 48

Is a series of reactions that convert NADH (from glycolysis) back into NAD allowing glycolysis to keep producing a small amount of ATP

Answer 48

Fermentation

Question 49

Happens when there is no oxygen available and occurs in the cytoplasm

Answer 49

Fermentation

Question 50

Yeasts use this process to form ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide as waste products. Causes bread dough to rise and it is how some alcoholic beverages are made

Answer 50

Alcoholic Fermentation

Question 51

Equation of Alcoholic Fermentation

Answer 51

Pryuvic Acid+NADH-->alcohol+CO2+NAD*

Question 52

Occurs in bacteria (unicellular organisms). This is how cheese, yogurt, and pickles are made. Occurs in muscles during rapid exercise. It happens when your body runs out of oxygen your muscle cells must produce some ATP using fermentation and glycolysis. Causes muscle soreness or burning after intense activity

Answer 52

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Question 53

Equation for Lactic Acid Fermentation

Answer 53

Pyruvic Acid+NADH-->Lactic Acid+NAD*

Question 54

Folds of the inner membrane. Embedded with enzymes used in ATP formation and electron transport some Krebs Cycle

Answer 54

Cristea

Question 55

Fluid-filled interior space

Answer 55

Matrix

Question 56

Able to switch back and forth between fermentation and aerobic respiration. Dependent on Oxygen

Answer 56

Facultative Aerobes

Question 57

Poisoned by Oxygen. Fermentation and Anaerobic respiration

Answer 57

Obligate Anaerobes

Question 58

Cannot survive without oxygen

Answer 58

Obligate Aerobes

Question 59

Similarities between Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis

Answer 59

Provides carbon for biosynthesis. Uses ETS for form ATP. Products of one are reactants of the other