midterm

Question 1

The study of the structural features and functions of the cell is

Select one:
a. cytology.
b. histology.
c. molecular biology.
d. microbiology.
e. surface anatomy.

Answer 1

a. cytology.

Question 2

A tissue is a

Select one:
a. structure contained within a cell.
b. lower level of organization than a cell.
c. group of organs that performs specific functions.
d. group of cells with similar structure and function.
e. structure that contains a group of organs.

Answer 2

d. group of cells with similar structure and function.

Question 3

Posterior means

Select one:
a. toward the middle or midline of the body.
b. away from the surface.
c. closer to the head.
d. closer than another structure to the point of attachment to the trunk.
e. toward the back of the body.

Answer 3

e. toward the back of the body.

Question 4

Which of the following is not a term that describes a cut that separates the body into left and right portions?

Select one:
a. sagittal
b. median
c. parasagittal
d. coronal

Answer 4

d. coronal

Question 5

The suffix “-itis” means inflammation. Which of the following terms means inflammation of the membrane lining the body cavity that contains the liver?

Select one:
a. pericarditis
b. peritonitis
c. pleurisy
d. colitis
e. hepatitis

Answer 5

b. peritonitis

Question 6

X-rays can be used to view bones because

Select one:
a. x-rays pass through bone.
b. x-rays react with bone.
c. x-rays can not pass through bone.
d. bones are less dense than soft tissue.

Answer 6

c. x-rays can not pass through bone.

Question 7

The amount of matter in an object is its

Select one:
a. mass.
b. weight.
c. atomic number.
d. element.
e. ionic charge.

Answer 7

a. mass.

Question 8

The building blocks of proteins are

Select one:
a. triglycerides.
b. phospholipids.
c. amino acids.
d. monosaccharides.
e. eicosanoids.

Answer 8

c. amino acids.

Question 9

Which of the following lists includes only monosaccharides that are isomers of one another?

Select one:
a. glycogen, glucose, sucrose
b. starch, glycogen, cellulose
c. ribose, glycogen, glucose
d. glucose, fructose, galactose
e. deoxyribose, glycogen, starch

Answer 9

d. glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 10

The molecule used most frequently by cells as a fuel belongs to which of the following groups?

Select one:
a. prostaglandins
b. carbohydrates
c. nucleic acids
d. steroids
e. phospholipids

Answer 10

b. carbohydrates

Question 11

The lower limit of resolution of a light microscope is

Select one:
a. 100μm
b. 0.1μm
c. 10μm
d. 0.01μm
e. 1.0μm

Answer 11

b. 0.1μm

Question 12

A

Answer 12

isotonic

Question 13

B

Answer 13

hypotonic

Question 14

C

Answer 14

hypertonic

Question 15

White blood cells digest other cells and so would be expected to

Select one:
a. have large numbers of lysosomes.
b. possess cilia on their surfaces so they can move quickly.
c. excrete excess salt as a result of all this eating.
d. expel their nuclei to make room for all of the cells they eat.
e. have mitochondria to energize them.

Answer 15

a. have large numbers of lysosomes.

Question 16

The structural RNA of ribosomes is a

Select one:
a. pre-mRNA.
b. proenzyme.
c. gene.
d. ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
e. codon.

Answer 16

d. ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

Question 17

DNA replication results in two new DNA molecules. Each of these new molecules

Select one:
a. has two newly synthesized strands of nucleotides.
b. has one strand of nucleotides from the parent DNA and one newly synthesized strand of nucleotides.
c. has two strands of nucleotides from the parent.
d. has a single strand of nucleotides.
e. are incomplete copies of the original.

Answer 17

b. has one strand of nucleotides from the parent DNA and one newly synthesized strand of nucleotides.

Question 18

ells that maintain bone are called

Select one:
a. osteoblasts.
b. osteoclasts.
c. osteocytes.
d. fibroblasts.
e. chondroblasts.

Answer 18

c. osteocytes.

Question 19

C

Answer 19

blood vessel

Question 20

What type of cells release chemicals in response to injury and play an important role in inflammation?

Select one:
a. mast cells
b. adipocytes
c. osteoclast
d. stem cells
e. macrophages

Answer 20

a. mast cells

Question 21

This is the site of fat storage in the skin.

Select one:
a. epidermis
b. reticular layer
c. papillary layer
d. stretch marks
e. hypodermis

Answer 21

e. hypodermis

Question 22

When comparing the dermis with the hypodermis, the dermis

Select one:
a. has more fat cells than the hypodermis.
b. is a more vascular tissue than the hypodermis.
c. is divided into two layers; the hypodermis is not.
d. contains melanocytes; the hypodermis does not.
e. and the hypodermis do not contain collagen.

Answer 22

c. is divided into two layers; the hypodermis is not.

Question 23

The blue color of superficial blood vessels results from

Select one:
a. a lack of melanin in the area.
b. the light-scattering properties of collagen.
c. the superficial location of skin pigments.
d. an increase in arterial blood circulating in the area.
e. a lack of oxygen in the blood.

Answer 23

b. the light-scattering properties of collagen.

Question 24

The bluish tinge of skin due to a reduction of oxygen in the blood is called

Select one:
a. hemolysis.
b. desquamation.
c. cyanosis.
d. carotenosis.
e. albinism.

Answer 24

c. cyanosis.

Question 25

D

Answer 25

Diaphysis

Question 26

Some marrow of long bones is termed “yellow” marrow under normal conditions. The function of yellow marrow is to

Select one:
a. manufacture blood cells.
b. manufacture tissue cells for the skin.
c. store adipose tissue.
d. store bone-forming cells.
e. make vitamin D.

Answer 26

c. store adipose tissue.

Question 27

The connective tissue sheath of cartilage is called the

Select one:
a. matrix.
b. chondrocyte.
c. ligamentous cord.
d. lacuna.
e. perichondrium.

Answer 27

e. perichondrium.

Question 28

Osteoclast activity would decrease when ________ levels are elevated.

Select one:
a. parathyroid hormone.
b. vitamin D.
c. calcitonin.
d. growth hormone.
e. vitamin C.

Answer 28

c. calcitonin.

Question 29

Which of the following statements is true?

Select one:
a. The first cervical vertebra is called the axis.
b. The spinal cord protects the vertebral column.
c. Thoracic vertebrae have long, thin spinous processes.
d. The sacral vertebrae are superior to the lumbar vertebrae.
e. Lumbar vertebrae are generally smaller than thoracic vertebrae.

Answer 29

c. Thoracic vertebrae have long, thin spinous processes.

Question 30

he point of the elbow is the

Select one:
a. trochlea.
b. capitulum.
c. olecranon fossa.
d. styloid process.
e. olecranon process.

Answer 30

e. olecranon process.

Question 31

What results from damage to annulus fibrosus and release of nucleus pulposus?

Select one:
a. lordosis
b. kyphosis
c. scoliosis
d. spina bifida
e. herniated disk

Answer 31

e. herniated disk

Question 32

The glenoid cavity is where the

Select one:
a. clavicle articulates with the scapula.
b. clavicle articulates with the sternum.
c. humerus articulates with the clavicle.
d. humerus articulates with the scapula.
e. radius articulates with humerus.

Answer 32

d. humerus articulates with the scapula.

Question 33

Which of the following situations could interfere with normal child birth?

Select one:
a. small ischial spines
b. a small pelvic outlet
c. an enlarged iliac crest
d. a wide, circular pelvic inlet
e. widely spaced ischial spines

Answer 33

b. a small pelvic outlet

Question 34

This type of joint is multiaxial allowing a wide range of movement.

Select one:
a. saddle
b. hinge
c. pivot
d. plane
e. ball and socket

Answer 34

e. ball and socket

Question 35

B

Answer 35

costochondral joint

Question 36

Rheumatoid arthritis is

Select one:
a. a bacterial infection transmitted by ticks.
b. an inflammation of any joint.
c. a metabolic disorder caused by increased uric acid in blood.
d. a condition that may involve an autoimmune disease.
e. the most common type of arthritis.

Answer 36

d. a condition that may involve an autoimmune disease.

Question 37

Which of the following does NOT occur due to the effects of aging on the joints?

Select one:
a. decreased range of motion
b. decreased flexibility and elasticity
c. increased production of synovial fluid
d. weakening of muscles
e. decreased tissue repair

Answer 37

c. increased production of synovial fluid

Question 38

An organism’s genetic makeup is its ____ while its physical appearance is its ____.

Select one:
a. chromotype; phenotype
b. genotype; phenotype
c. phenotype; genotype
d. genotype; chromotype
e. aminotype; prototype

Answer 38

b. genotype; phenotype

Question 39

A __________ is a display of the chromosomes of a somatic cell during metaphase of mitosis.

Select one:
a. karyotype
b. genome
c. gamete
d. locus

Answer 39

a. karyotype

Question 40

A mutation involving a single nucleotide is a _____ mutation.

Select one:
a. deletion
b. duplication
c. nondisjunction
d. point
e. aneuploidy

Answer 40

d. point

Question 41

What genetic disorder is the inability to produce normal hemoglobin?

Select one:
a. albinism
b. sickle-cell disease
c. hemophilia
d. Down syndrome
e. achondroplasia

Answer 41

b. sickle-cell disease