midterm Flashcards
The study of the structural features and functions of the cell is
Select one:
a. cytology.
b. histology.
c. molecular biology.
d. microbiology.
e. surface anatomy.
a. cytology.
A tissue is a
Select one:
a. structure contained within a cell.
b. lower level of organization than a cell.
c. group of organs that performs specific functions.
d. group of cells with similar structure and function.
e. structure that contains a group of organs.
d. group of cells with similar structure and function.
Posterior means
Select one:
a. toward the middle or midline of the body.
b. away from the surface.
c. closer to the head.
d. closer than another structure to the point of attachment to the trunk.
e. toward the back of the body.
e. toward the back of the body.
Which of the following is not a term that describes a cut that separates the body into left and right portions?
Select one:
a. sagittal
b. median
c. parasagittal
d. coronal
d. coronal
The suffix “-itis” means inflammation. Which of the following terms means inflammation of the membrane lining the body cavity that contains the liver?
Select one:
a. pericarditis
b. peritonitis
c. pleurisy
d. colitis
e. hepatitis
b. peritonitis
X-rays can be used to view bones because
Select one:
a. x-rays pass through bone.
b. x-rays react with bone.
c. x-rays can not pass through bone.
d. bones are less dense than soft tissue.
c. x-rays can not pass through bone.
The amount of matter in an object is its
Select one:
a. mass.
b. weight.
c. atomic number.
d. element.
e. ionic charge.
a. mass.
The building blocks of proteins are
Select one:
a. triglycerides.
b. phospholipids.
c. amino acids.
d. monosaccharides.
e. eicosanoids.
c. amino acids.
Which of the following lists includes only monosaccharides that are isomers of one another?
Select one:
a. glycogen, glucose, sucrose
b. starch, glycogen, cellulose
c. ribose, glycogen, glucose
d. glucose, fructose, galactose
e. deoxyribose, glycogen, starch
d. glucose, fructose, galactose
The molecule used most frequently by cells as a fuel belongs to which of the following groups?
Select one:
a. prostaglandins
b. carbohydrates
c. nucleic acids
d. steroids
e. phospholipids
b. carbohydrates
The lower limit of resolution of a light microscope is
Select one:
a. 100μm
b. 0.1μm
c. 10μm
d. 0.01μm
e. 1.0μm
b. 0.1μm
A
isotonic
B
hypotonic
C
hypertonic
White blood cells digest other cells and so would be expected to
Select one:
a. have large numbers of lysosomes.
b. possess cilia on their surfaces so they can move quickly.
c. excrete excess salt as a result of all this eating.
d. expel their nuclei to make room for all of the cells they eat.
e. have mitochondria to energize them.
a. have large numbers of lysosomes.
The structural RNA of ribosomes is a
Select one:
a. pre-mRNA.
b. proenzyme.
c. gene.
d. ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
e. codon.
d. ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
DNA replication results in two new DNA molecules. Each of these new molecules
Select one:
a. has two newly synthesized strands of nucleotides.
b. has one strand of nucleotides from the parent DNA and one newly synthesized strand of nucleotides.
c. has two strands of nucleotides from the parent.
d. has a single strand of nucleotides.
e. are incomplete copies of the original.
b. has one strand of nucleotides from the parent DNA and one newly synthesized strand of nucleotides.
ells that maintain bone are called
Select one:
a. osteoblasts.
b. osteoclasts.
c. osteocytes.
d. fibroblasts.
e. chondroblasts.
c. osteocytes.
C
blood vessel
What type of cells release chemicals in response to injury and play an important role in inflammation?
Select one:
a. mast cells
b. adipocytes
c. osteoclast
d. stem cells
e. macrophages
a. mast cells
This is the site of fat storage in the skin.
Select one:
a. epidermis
b. reticular layer
c. papillary layer
d. stretch marks
e. hypodermis
e. hypodermis
When comparing the dermis with the hypodermis, the dermis
Select one:
a. has more fat cells than the hypodermis.
b. is a more vascular tissue than the hypodermis.
c. is divided into two layers; the hypodermis is not.
d. contains melanocytes; the hypodermis does not.
e. and the hypodermis do not contain collagen.
c. is divided into two layers; the hypodermis is not.
The blue color of superficial blood vessels results from
Select one:
a. a lack of melanin in the area.
b. the light-scattering properties of collagen.
c. the superficial location of skin pigments.
d. an increase in arterial blood circulating in the area.
e. a lack of oxygen in the blood.
b. the light-scattering properties of collagen.
The bluish tinge of skin due to a reduction of oxygen in the blood is called
Select one:
a. hemolysis.
b. desquamation.
c. cyanosis.
d. carotenosis.
e. albinism.
c. cyanosis.
D
Diaphysis
Some marrow of long bones is termed “yellow” marrow under normal conditions. The function of yellow marrow is to
Select one:
a. manufacture blood cells.
b. manufacture tissue cells for the skin.
c. store adipose tissue.
d. store bone-forming cells.
e. make vitamin D.
c. store adipose tissue.
The connective tissue sheath of cartilage is called the
Select one:
a. matrix.
b. chondrocyte.
c. ligamentous cord.
d. lacuna.
e. perichondrium.
e. perichondrium.
Osteoclast activity would decrease when ________ levels are elevated.
Select one:
a. parathyroid hormone.
b. vitamin D.
c. calcitonin.
d. growth hormone.
e. vitamin C.
c. calcitonin.
Which of the following statements is true?
Select one:
a. The first cervical vertebra is called the axis.
b. The spinal cord protects the vertebral column.
c. Thoracic vertebrae have long, thin spinous processes.
d. The sacral vertebrae are superior to the lumbar vertebrae.
e. Lumbar vertebrae are generally smaller than thoracic vertebrae.
c. Thoracic vertebrae have long, thin spinous processes.
he point of the elbow is the
Select one:
a. trochlea.
b. capitulum.
c. olecranon fossa.
d. styloid process.
e. olecranon process.
e. olecranon process.
What results from damage to annulus fibrosus and release of nucleus pulposus?
Select one:
a. lordosis
b. kyphosis
c. scoliosis
d. spina bifida
e. herniated disk
e. herniated disk
The glenoid cavity is where the
Select one:
a. clavicle articulates with the scapula.
b. clavicle articulates with the sternum.
c. humerus articulates with the clavicle.
d. humerus articulates with the scapula.
e. radius articulates with humerus.
d. humerus articulates with the scapula.
Which of the following situations could interfere with normal child birth?
Select one:
a. small ischial spines
b. a small pelvic outlet
c. an enlarged iliac crest
d. a wide, circular pelvic inlet
e. widely spaced ischial spines
b. a small pelvic outlet
This type of joint is multiaxial allowing a wide range of movement.
Select one:
a. saddle
b. hinge
c. pivot
d. plane
e. ball and socket
e. ball and socket
B
costochondral joint
Rheumatoid arthritis is
Select one:
a. a bacterial infection transmitted by ticks.
b. an inflammation of any joint.
c. a metabolic disorder caused by increased uric acid in blood.
d. a condition that may involve an autoimmune disease.
e. the most common type of arthritis.
d. a condition that may involve an autoimmune disease.
Which of the following does NOT occur due to the effects of aging on the joints?
Select one:
a. decreased range of motion
b. decreased flexibility and elasticity
c. increased production of synovial fluid
d. weakening of muscles
e. decreased tissue repair
c. increased production of synovial fluid
An organism’s genetic makeup is its ____ while its physical appearance is its ____.
Select one:
a. chromotype; phenotype
b. genotype; phenotype
c. phenotype; genotype
d. genotype; chromotype
e. aminotype; prototype
b. genotype; phenotype
A __________ is a display of the chromosomes of a somatic cell during metaphase of mitosis.
Select one:
a. karyotype
b. genome
c. gamete
d. locus
a. karyotype
A mutation involving a single nucleotide is a _____ mutation.
Select one:
a. deletion
b. duplication
c. nondisjunction
d. point
e. aneuploidy
d. point
What genetic disorder is the inability to produce normal hemoglobin?
Select one:
a. albinism
b. sickle-cell disease
c. hemophilia
d. Down syndrome
e. achondroplasia
b. sickle-cell disease
