Chapter 4 Flashcards
round or square epithelial cells. centrally located nuclei. found in kidney, ovaries and some ducts
cuboidal
thin and scaly epithelial cells. found in walls of capillaries and vessels, membranes, lungs
squamous
tall and thin epithelial cells. Long as wide. found in stomach and small intestines. secrete fluid
columnar
tissue - less dense and more gel-like fluid. bulk of organs, blood vessels, nerves, small spaces in muscles
loose connective tissue
loosely packed fibers with large spaces filled with blood. looks like sponge. forms framework for lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow
reticular connective tissue
fat found under epithelial tissue. store fat droplets and is energy storehouse
adipose tissue
high concentration of fibers tightly packed in thick bundles (ligaments/tendons) and (dermis of skin, strong exterior of bone)
dense connective tissue
What are the main differences between loose and dense connective tissue?
Dense connective tissue provides structure while loose connective tissue provides stretch and bulk.
sends information
axon
receives information
dendrite
contains the nucleus and is the control center
cell body
protects the neuron
neuroglia
nerve cell
neuron
Thin, flattened, and tightly packed cells that replicate quickly and do not contain blood vessels.
epithelial cells
Special extracellular material that lies beneath the deepest layer of epithelium and connects the epithelium to the underlying tissue.
basement membrane
Epithelium containing only one layer of cells. Each cell is connected to the basement membrane.
simple epithelia
Epithelium containing multiple layers of cells. Only the deepest layer of cells is connected to the basement membrane.
straitified epithelia
Fibrous connective tissue with space for matrix and a lower concentration of fibers.
loose connective tissue
A fibrous connective tissue with very little space for matrix and high concentration of fibers.
dense connective tissue
Fat-storing tissue.
adipose tissue
Fibers that create spongy connective tissue found in the middle of bones.
reticular connective tissue
Strong fibrous connective tissue.
collagenous fibers
Stretchy fibers made up of the protein elastin that help make connective tissue stretchy.
elastic fibers
Bundled protein in the connective tissue fibers and in bone matrix.
collagen
A bone cell.
osteocyte
Given these characteristics:
(1) capable of contraction
(2) covers free body surfaces
(3) lacks blood vessels
(4) composes various glands
(5) anchored to connective tissue by a basement membrane
Which of these are characteristics of epithelial tissue?
1,2,3
2,3,5
3,4,5
1,2,3,4
2,3,4,5
2,3,4,5
Which of these embryonic germ layers gives rise to muscle, bone, and blood vessels?
ectoderm
endoderm
mesoderm
mesoderm
A tissue that covers a surface, is one cell layer thick, and is composed of flat cells is
simple squamous epithelium.
simple cuboidal epithelium.
simple columnar epithelium.
stratified squamous epithelium.
transitional epithelium.
simple squamous epithelium.
Stratified epithelium is usually found in areas of the body where the principal activity is
filtration.
protection.
absorption.
diffusion.
secretion.
protection.
Which of these characteristics do not describe nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?
many layers of cells
flat surface cells
living surface cells
found in the skin
outer layers covered by fluid
found in the skin
In parts of the body where considerable expansion occurs, such as the urinary bladder, which type of epithelium would you expect to find?
cuboidal
pseudostratified
transitional
squamous
columnar
transitional
Epithelial cells with microvilli are most likely found
lining blood vessels.
lining the lungs.
lining the uterine tube.
lining the small intestine.
in the skin.
lining the small intestine.
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium can be found lining the
digestive tract.
trachea.
thyroid gland.
kidney tubules.
urinary bladder.
trachea.
A type of cell connection whose only function is to prevent the cells from coming apart is a
desmosome.
gap junction.
tight junction.
desmosome.
The glands that lose their connection with epithelium during embryonic development and secrete their cellular products into the bloodstream are called ______ glands.
apocrine
endocrine
exocrine
holocrine
merocrine
endocrine
A _______ gland has a duct that branches repeatedly, and the ducts end in saclike structures.
simple tubular
compound tubular
simple coiled tubular
simple acinar
compound acinar
compound acinar
The fibers in dense connective tissue are produced by
fibroblasts.
adipocytes.
osteoblasts.
osteoclasts.
macrophages.
fibroblasts.
Mesenchymal cells
form embryonic connective tissue.
give rise to all adult connective tissues.
in adults produce new connective tissue cells in response to injury.
All of these are correct.
All of these are correct.
A tissue with a large number of collagen fibers organized parallel to each other would most likely be found in
a muscle.
a tendon.
adipose tissue.
a bone.
cartilage.
a tendon.
Extremely delicate fibers that make up the framework for organs such as the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes are
elastic fibers.
reticular fibers.
microvilli.
cilia.
collagen fibers.
reticular fibers.
In which of these locations is dense irregular elastic connective tissue found?
ligaments
nuchal ligament
dermis of the skin
large arteries
adipose tissue
large arteries
Which of these is not true of adipose tissue?
It is the site of energy storage.
It is a type of connective tissue.
It acts as a protective cushion.
Brown adipose is found only in older adults.
It functions as a heat insulator.
Brown adipose is found only in older adults.
Which of these types of connective tissue has the smallest amount of extracellular matrix?
adipose
bone
cartilage
loose connective tissue
blood
adipose
Fibrocartilage is found
in the cartilage of the trachea.
in the rib cage.
in the external ear.
on the surface of bones in movable joints.
between vertebrae.
between vertebrae.
A tissue composed of cells located in lacunae surrounded by a hard matrix of hydroxyapatite is
hyaline cartilage.
bone.
nervous tissue.
dense regular collagenous connective tissue.
fibrocartilage.
bone.
Which of these characteristics apply to smooth muscle?
striated, involuntary
striated, voluntary
unstriated, involuntary
unstriated, voluntary
unstriated, involuntary
Which of these statements about nervous tissue is not true?
Neurons have cytoplasmic extensions called axons.
Electrical signals (action potentials) are conducted along axons.
Bipolar neurons have two axons.
Neurons are nourished and protected by glia.
Dendrites receive electrical signals and conduct them toward the cell body.
Bipolar neurons have two axons.
The linings of the digestive, respiratory, excretory, and reproductive passages are composed of
serous membranes.
mucous membranes.
mesothelium.
synovial membranes.
endothelium.
mucous membranes.
Chemical mediators
cause blood vessels to constrict.
decrease the permeability of blood vessels.
initiate processes that lead to edema.
help prevent clotting.
decrease pain.
initiate processes that lead to edema.
Which of these types of cells is labile?
neuron
skin
liver
pancreas
skin
Permanent cells
divide and replace damaged cells in replacement tissue repair.
form granulation tissue.
are responsible for removing scar tissue.
are usually replaced by a different cell type if they are destroyed.
are replaced during regeneration tissue repair.
are usually replaced by a different cell type if they are destroyed.
What type of cells have the potential to differentiate to form adult cell types?
Select one:
a. mast cells
b. adipocytes
c. osteoclast
d. stem cells
e. macrophages
d. stem cells
This type of tissue is closely packed with fat cells and forms a protective cushion around organs; insulate body and also form energy.
Select one:
a. Adipose connective tissue
b. Areolar connective tissue
c. Loose connective tissue
d. Epidermal tissue
a. Adipose connective tissue
Which of the following is found in spongy bone but not compact bone?
Select one:
a. osteocytes in lacunae
b. hydroxyapatite
c. trabeculae
d. collagen
e. matrix
c. trabeculae
A cell that forms fibrous connective tissue would be called a
Select one:
a. fibroclast.
b. fibrocyte.
c. fibroblast.
d. fibroid.
e. fibromast.
c. fibroblast.
All cells attached to the basement membrane but not all cells reach free surfaces is a description of
Select one:
a. mesoderm.
b. neuroglia.
c. membrane.
d. dendrite.
e. pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
e. pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
Of the four classes of tissues, the tissue that consists of elongated fibers that are specialized to contract in response to stimulation is ______
Select one:
a. epithelial tissue
b. connective tissue
c. muscle tissue
d. nervous tissue
c. muscle tissue
What type of epithelial tissue is found in the stomach?
Select one:
a. simple cuboidal epithelium
b. simple columnar epithelium
c. stratified squamous epithelium
d. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
e. transitional epithelium
b. simple columnar epithelium
What type of connective tissue is found in the walls of large arteries?
Select one:
a. hyaline cartilage
b. fibrocartilage
c. elastic cartilage
d. dense irregular elastic tissue
e. dense regular collagenous tissue
d. dense irregular elastic tissue
Epithelial tissue that can stretch or is subjected to stress would have many
Select one:
a. desmosomes.
b. gap junctions.
c. tight junctions.
d. basement junctions.
e. intercalated discs.
a. desmosomes.
Hyaluronic acid gives a very slippery quality to fluids that contain it. Hyaluronic acid
Select one:
a. resists stretching.
b. functions as an insulator.
c. is a good lubricant for joint cavities.
d. promotes oxygen transport in the plasma.
e. is a protein.
c. is a good lubricant for joint cavities.
A gland produces a watery secretion that contains solutes. The secretion also contains a substantial amount of phospholipid. The type of secretory process for this gland is probably
Select one:
a. merocrine.
b. holocrine.
c. apocrine.
d. endocrine.
e. both merocrine and apocrine.
e. both merocrine and apocrine.
Bone
Select one:
a. contains dead cells.
b. is not rigid.
c. does not contain protein fibers.
d. has a rich blood supply.
e. is avascular.
d. has a rich blood supply.
Which of the following epithelial types is mismatched with its function?
Select one:
a. simple epithelium - diffusion
b. stratified epithelium - protection
c. squamous epithelium - stretching
d. cuboidal epithelium - absorption
e. columnar epithelium - secretion
c. squamous epithelium - stretching
A tissue has the following characteristics: free surface, single layer of cells, cells are narrow and tall, microvilli, many mitochondria, goblet cells. Which of the following is most consistent with those observations?
(1) active transport
(2) epithelium
(3) simple epithelium
(4) columnar epithelium
(5) cuboidal epithelium
(6) squamous epithelium
(7) secretion by exocytosis
(8) movement of mucous across its surface
Select one:
a. 1, 2, 3, 4, 7
b. 1, 2, 3, 5, 7
c. 1, 2, 3, 4, 8
d. 2, 3, 4, 8
e. 2, 3, 4, 7
a. 1, 2, 3, 4, 7
Muscular tissue consists of what type of cells or fibers?
Select one:
a. elongated fibers (cells) that are specialized to contract
b. cells with multiple processes that are specialized to send electrical signals
c. elongated fibers (cells) surrounded by abundant matrix
d. spherical cells designed for storage
a. elongated fibers (cells) that are specialized to contract
Glands whose ducts have more than one branch are called
Select one:
a. simple.
b. compound.
c. acinar.
d. alveolar.
e. branchless.
b. compound.
What type of epithelial tissue is found in the urinary bladder?
Select one:
a. simple cuboidal epithelium
b. simple columnar epithelium
c. stratified squamous epithelium
d. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
e. transitional epithelium
e. transitional epithelium
Which of the following are symptoms of inflammation?
Select one:
a. swelling, bleeding, and numbness
b. heat, swelling, and blistering
c. blistering, pain, and swelling
d. pain, redness, and bleeding
e. redness, heat, and pain
e. redness, heat, and pain
A
blood clot
B
epidermis
C
blood vessel
D
dermis
E
subcutaneous fat
Support cells of the brain and spinal cord are called
Select one:
a. mesoderm.
b. neuroglia.
c. membranes.
d. dendrites.
e. pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
b. neuroglia.
