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Anatomy 1 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

round or square epithelial cells. centrally located nuclei. found in kidney, ovaries and some ducts

A

cuboidal

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2
Q

thin and scaly epithelial cells. found in walls of capillaries and vessels, membranes, lungs

A

squamous

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3
Q

tall and thin epithelial cells. Long as wide. found in stomach and small intestines. secrete fluid

A

columnar

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4
Q

tissue - less dense and more gel-like fluid. bulk of organs, blood vessels, nerves, small spaces in muscles

A

loose connective tissue

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5
Q

loosely packed fibers with large spaces filled with blood. looks like sponge. forms framework for lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow

A

reticular connective tissue

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6
Q

fat found under epithelial tissue. store fat droplets and is energy storehouse

A

adipose tissue

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7
Q

high concentration of fibers tightly packed in thick bundles (ligaments/tendons) and (dermis of skin, strong exterior of bone)

A

dense connective tissue

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8
Q

What are the main differences between loose and dense connective tissue?

A

Dense connective tissue provides structure while loose connective tissue provides stretch and bulk.

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9
Q

sends information

A

axon

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10
Q

receives information

A

dendrite

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11
Q

contains the nucleus and is the control center

A

cell body

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12
Q

protects the neuron

A

neuroglia

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13
Q

nerve cell

A

neuron

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14
Q

Thin, flattened, and tightly packed cells that replicate quickly and do not contain blood vessels.

A

epithelial cells

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15
Q

Special extracellular material that lies beneath the deepest layer of epithelium and connects the epithelium to the underlying tissue.

A

basement membrane

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16
Q

Epithelium containing only one layer of cells. Each cell is connected to the basement membrane.

A

simple epithelia

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17
Q

Epithelium containing multiple layers of cells. Only the deepest layer of cells is connected to the basement membrane.

A

straitified epithelia

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18
Q

Fibrous connective tissue with space for matrix and a lower concentration of fibers.

A

loose connective tissue

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19
Q

A fibrous connective tissue with very little space for matrix and high concentration of fibers.

A

dense connective tissue

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20
Q

Fat-storing tissue.

A

adipose tissue

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21
Q

Fibers that create spongy connective tissue found in the middle of bones.

A

reticular connective tissue

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22
Q

Strong fibrous connective tissue.

A

collagenous fibers

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23
Q

Stretchy fibers made up of the protein elastin that help make connective tissue stretchy.

A

elastic fibers

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24
Q

Bundled protein in the connective tissue fibers and in bone matrix.

A

collagen

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25
Q

A bone cell.

A

osteocyte

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26
Q

Given these characteristics:
(1) capable of contraction
(2) covers free body surfaces
(3) lacks blood vessels
(4) composes various glands
(5) anchored to connective tissue by a basement membrane

Which of these are characteristics of epithelial tissue?
1,2,3
2,3,5
3,4,5
1,2,3,4
2,3,4,5

A

2,3,4,5

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27
Q

Which of these embryonic germ layers gives rise to muscle, bone, and blood vessels?

ectoderm
endoderm
mesoderm

A

mesoderm

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28
Q

A tissue that covers a surface, is one cell layer thick, and is composed of flat cells is

simple squamous epithelium.
simple cuboidal epithelium.
simple columnar epithelium.
stratified squamous epithelium.
transitional epithelium.

A

simple squamous epithelium.

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29
Q

Stratified epithelium is usually found in areas of the body where the principal activity is

filtration.
protection.
absorption.
diffusion.
secretion.

A

protection.

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30
Q

Which of these characteristics do not describe nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

many layers of cells
flat surface cells
living surface cells
found in the skin
outer layers covered by fluid

A

found in the skin

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31
Q

In parts of the body where considerable expansion occurs, such as the urinary bladder, which type of epithelium would you expect to find?

cuboidal
pseudostratified
transitional
squamous
columnar

A

transitional

32
Q

Epithelial cells with microvilli are most likely found

lining blood vessels.
lining the lungs.
lining the uterine tube.
lining the small intestine.
in the skin.

A

lining the small intestine.

33
Q

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium can be found lining the

digestive tract.
trachea.
thyroid gland.
kidney tubules.
urinary bladder.

A

trachea.

34
Q

A type of cell connection whose only function is to prevent the cells from coming apart is a

desmosome.
gap junction.
tight junction.

A

desmosome.

35
Q

The glands that lose their connection with epithelium during embryonic development and secrete their cellular products into the bloodstream are called ______ glands.

apocrine
endocrine
exocrine
holocrine
merocrine

A

endocrine

36
Q

A _______ gland has a duct that branches repeatedly, and the ducts end in saclike structures.

simple tubular
compound tubular
simple coiled tubular
simple acinar
compound acinar

A

compound acinar

37
Q

The fibers in dense connective tissue are produced by

fibroblasts.
adipocytes.
osteoblasts.
osteoclasts.
macrophages.

A

fibroblasts.

38
Q

Mesenchymal cells

form embryonic connective tissue.
give rise to all adult connective tissues.
in adults produce new connective tissue cells in response to injury.
All of these are correct.

A

All of these are correct.

39
Q

A tissue with a large number of collagen fibers organized parallel to each other would most likely be found in

a muscle.
a tendon.
adipose tissue.
a bone.
cartilage.

A

a tendon.

40
Q

Extremely delicate fibers that make up the framework for organs such as the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes are

elastic fibers.
reticular fibers.
microvilli.
cilia.
collagen fibers.

A

reticular fibers.

41
Q

In which of these locations is dense irregular elastic connective tissue found?

ligaments
nuchal ligament
dermis of the skin
large arteries
adipose tissue

A

large arteries

42
Q

Which of these is not true of adipose tissue?

It is the site of energy storage.
It is a type of connective tissue.
It acts as a protective cushion.
Brown adipose is found only in older adults.
It functions as a heat insulator.

A

Brown adipose is found only in older adults.

43
Q

Which of these types of connective tissue has the smallest amount of extracellular matrix?

adipose
bone
cartilage
loose connective tissue
blood

A

adipose

44
Q

Fibrocartilage is found

in the cartilage of the trachea.
in the rib cage.
in the external ear.
on the surface of bones in movable joints.
between vertebrae.

A

between vertebrae.

45
Q

A tissue composed of cells located in lacunae surrounded by a hard matrix of hydroxyapatite is

hyaline cartilage.
bone.
nervous tissue.
dense regular collagenous connective tissue.
fibrocartilage.

A

bone.

46
Q

Which of these characteristics apply to smooth muscle?

striated, involuntary
striated, voluntary
unstriated, involuntary
unstriated, voluntary

A

unstriated, involuntary

47
Q

Which of these statements about nervous tissue is not true?

Neurons have cytoplasmic extensions called axons.
Electrical signals (action potentials) are conducted along axons.
Bipolar neurons have two axons.
Neurons are nourished and protected by glia.
Dendrites receive electrical signals and conduct them toward the cell body.

A

Bipolar neurons have two axons.

48
Q

The linings of the digestive, respiratory, excretory, and reproductive passages are composed of

serous membranes.
mucous membranes.
mesothelium.
synovial membranes.
endothelium.

A

mucous membranes.

49
Q

Chemical mediators

cause blood vessels to constrict.
decrease the permeability of blood vessels.
initiate processes that lead to edema.
help prevent clotting.
decrease pain.

A

initiate processes that lead to edema.

50
Q

Which of these types of cells is labile?

neuron
skin
liver
pancreas

A

skin

51
Q

Permanent cells

divide and replace damaged cells in replacement tissue repair.
form granulation tissue.
are responsible for removing scar tissue.
are usually replaced by a different cell type if they are destroyed.
are replaced during regeneration tissue repair.

A

are usually replaced by a different cell type if they are destroyed.

52
Q

What type of cells have the potential to differentiate to form adult cell types?

Select one:
a. mast cells
b. adipocytes
c. osteoclast
d. stem cells
e. macrophages

A

d. stem cells

53
Q

This type of tissue is closely packed with fat cells and forms a protective cushion around organs; insulate body and also form energy.

Select one:
a. Adipose connective tissue
b. Areolar connective tissue
c. Loose connective tissue
d. Epidermal tissue

A

a. Adipose connective tissue

54
Q

Which of the following is found in spongy bone but not compact bone?

Select one:
a. osteocytes in lacunae
b. hydroxyapatite
c. trabeculae
d. collagen
e. matrix

A

c. trabeculae

55
Q

A cell that forms fibrous connective tissue would be called a

Select one:
a. fibroclast.
b. fibrocyte.
c. fibroblast.
d. fibroid.
e. fibromast.

A

c. fibroblast.

56
Q

All cells attached to the basement membrane but not all cells reach free surfaces is a description of

Select one:
a. mesoderm.
b. neuroglia.
c. membrane.
d. dendrite.
e. pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

A

e. pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

57
Q

Of the four classes of tissues, the tissue that consists of elongated fibers that are specialized to contract in response to stimulation is ______

Select one:
a. epithelial tissue
b. connective tissue
c. muscle tissue
d. nervous tissue

A

c. muscle tissue

58
Q

What type of epithelial tissue is found in the stomach?

Select one:
a. simple cuboidal epithelium
b. simple columnar epithelium
c. stratified squamous epithelium
d. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
e. transitional epithelium

A

b. simple columnar epithelium

59
Q

What type of connective tissue is found in the walls of large arteries?

Select one:
a. hyaline cartilage
b. fibrocartilage
c. elastic cartilage
d. dense irregular elastic tissue
e. dense regular collagenous tissue

A

d. dense irregular elastic tissue

60
Q

Epithelial tissue that can stretch or is subjected to stress would have many

Select one:
a. desmosomes.
b. gap junctions.
c. tight junctions.
d. basement junctions.
e. intercalated discs.

A

a. desmosomes.

61
Q

Hyaluronic acid gives a very slippery quality to fluids that contain it. Hyaluronic acid

Select one:
a. resists stretching.
b. functions as an insulator.
c. is a good lubricant for joint cavities.
d. promotes oxygen transport in the plasma.
e. is a protein.

A

c. is a good lubricant for joint cavities.

62
Q

A gland produces a watery secretion that contains solutes. The secretion also contains a substantial amount of phospholipid. The type of secretory process for this gland is probably

Select one:
a. merocrine.
b. holocrine.
c. apocrine.
d. endocrine.
e. both merocrine and apocrine.

A

e. both merocrine and apocrine.

63
Q

Bone

Select one:
a. contains dead cells.
b. is not rigid.
c. does not contain protein fibers.
d. has a rich blood supply.
e. is avascular.

A

d. has a rich blood supply.

64
Q

Which of the following epithelial types is mismatched with its function?

Select one:
a. simple epithelium - diffusion
b. stratified epithelium - protection
c. squamous epithelium - stretching
d. cuboidal epithelium - absorption
e. columnar epithelium - secretion

A

c. squamous epithelium - stretching

65
Q

A tissue has the following characteristics: free surface, single layer of cells, cells are narrow and tall, microvilli, many mitochondria, goblet cells. Which of the following is most consistent with those observations?
(1) active transport
(2) epithelium
(3) simple epithelium
(4) columnar epithelium
(5) cuboidal epithelium
(6) squamous epithelium
(7) secretion by exocytosis
(8) movement of mucous across its surface

Select one:
a. 1, 2, 3, 4, 7
b. 1, 2, 3, 5, 7
c. 1, 2, 3, 4, 8
d. 2, 3, 4, 8
e. 2, 3, 4, 7

A

a. 1, 2, 3, 4, 7

66
Q

Muscular tissue consists of what type of cells or fibers?

Select one:
a. elongated fibers (cells) that are specialized to contract
b. cells with multiple processes that are specialized to send electrical signals
c. elongated fibers (cells) surrounded by abundant matrix
d. spherical cells designed for storage

A

a. elongated fibers (cells) that are specialized to contract

67
Q

Glands whose ducts have more than one branch are called

Select one:
a. simple.
b. compound.
c. acinar.
d. alveolar.
e. branchless.

A

b. compound.

68
Q

What type of epithelial tissue is found in the urinary bladder?

Select one:
a. simple cuboidal epithelium
b. simple columnar epithelium
c. stratified squamous epithelium
d. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
e. transitional epithelium

A

e. transitional epithelium

69
Q

Which of the following are symptoms of inflammation?

Select one:
a. swelling, bleeding, and numbness
b. heat, swelling, and blistering
c. blistering, pain, and swelling
d. pain, redness, and bleeding
e. redness, heat, and pain

A

e. redness, heat, and pain

70
Q

A

A

blood clot

71
Q

B

A

epidermis

72
Q

C

A

blood vessel

73
Q

D

A

dermis

74
Q

E

A

subcutaneous fat

75
Q

Support cells of the brain and spinal cord are called

Select one:
a. mesoderm.
b. neuroglia.
c. membranes.
d. dendrites.
e. pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

A

b. neuroglia.

Anatomy 1 (17 decks)

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