Chapter 5 Flashcards
The central axis of the hair is the
Select one:
a. shaft.
b. cuticle.
c. hair bulb.
d. medulla.
e. root.
d. medulla.
Fingernails are comprised of:
Select one:
a. epithelial and collagen fibers produced in the dermis
b. thin, dead scaly cells
c. collagen deposited by the lunula and the matrix
d. proteins secreted by the nail groove from the matrix
b. thin, dead scaly cells
he portion of the hair below the surface of the skin is the
Select one:
a. shaft.
b. cuticle.
c. hair bulb.
d. medulla.
e. root.
e. root.
A
sebaceous gland
B
epidermis and dermis
C
hypodermis
D
arrector pilli
E
hair follicle
What protein is found in the nails, hair, and epidermis?
Select one:
a. melanin
b. keratin
c. carotene
d. elastin
e. collagen
b. keratin
A
sweat pore
B
sebaceous gland
C
apocrine sweat gland
D
duct of eccrine sweat gland
E
hair follicle
Which of the following statements concerning the epidermis is true?
Select one:
a. The dermis is superficial to the epidermis.
b. The epidermis contains numerous blood vessels.
c. The most numerous cells in the epidermis are the melanocytes.
d. The epidermis is nourished by blood vessels located in the dermis.
e. The epidermis is very permeable to water-soluble molecules.
d. The epidermis is nourished by blood vessels located in the dermis.
The vesicles that contain melanin are called ______.
Select one:
a. melanosomes
b. melanocytes
c. keratinocytes
d. Golgi apparatus
a. melanosomes
The contraction of the arrector pili:
Select one:
a. pulls the follicle into a more perpendicular position in relation to the skin surface
b. pulls the follicle into a more oblique angle in relation to the skin surface
a. pulls the follicle into a more perpendicular position in relation to the skin surface
Melanin is produced only by
Select one:
a. keratinocytes.
b. basal cells.
c. Langerhans cells.
d. melanocytes.
e. Merkel’s cells.
d. melanocytes.
Lead poisoning can be detected by doing an analysis of
Select one:
a. sweat.
b. skin folds.
c. nails.
d. hair.
e. skin.
d. hair.
When the arrector pili muscles contract
Select one:
a. the body is able to lose heat.
b. “goose bumps” form on the skin.
c. the hair on your arms and legs begins to curl.
d. the sweat glands empty their contents onto the surface of the skin.
e. no change is noted on the skin surface.
b. “goose bumps” form on the skin.
Which of the following statements is false?
Select one:
a. Most sebaceous glands are connected by a duct to the upper portion of the hair follicle.
b. Secretions from sebaceous glands provide protection against bacteria.
c. Secretions from sebaceous glands oil the hair and skin.
d. Sebaceous glands are an example of apocrine glands.
e. Sebaceous secretions are lipid soluble.
d. Sebaceous glands are an example of apocrine glands.
Which of the following skin changes is usually associated with aging?
Select one:
a. Skin becomes thicker.
b. There is an increase in the number of elastic fibers in the skin.
c. Loss of subcutaneous tissue contributes to sagging of the skin.
d. Localized increase in sebaceous glands leads to dry skin.
e. The amount of collagen in the dermis increases.
c. Loss of subcutaneous tissue contributes to sagging of the skin.
Which of the following is NOT a complication of a major burn?
Select one:
a. fever
b. electrolyte imbalance
c. hypermetabolic state
d. weight loss
e. decreased protein demand
e. decreased protein demand
Which of the following is the most common form of skin cancer?
Select one:
a. Melanoma
b. Basal cell carcinoma
c. Squamous cell carcinoma
d. Small cell carcinoma
b. Basal cell carcinoma
A genetic disease characterized by the inability to produce melanin is
Select one:
a. melanosomes.
b. albinism.
c. dermatitis.
d. carotene.
e. cyanosis.
b. albinism.
With aging, individuals tend to feel colder and usually need the thermostat in their home set higher in the winter to feel warm enough. This is probably because the elderly
Select one:
a. no longer experience hot flashes at night.
b. exhibit a decrease in melanin production.
c. experience a decrease in the thickness of their subcutaneous fat layer.
d. have more blood flowing to the skin.
e. have an increase in desquamation.
c. experience a decrease in the thickness of their subcutaneous fat layer.
Which of the following is NOT associated with impetigo?
Select one:
a. Bacterial infection
b. Skin blisters with pus
c. Herpes Simplex II
d. Affects children
e. Yellowish crust
c. Herpes Simplex II
The effects of aging on the skin include all of the following except:
Select one:
a. thinner epidermis
b. reduction in collagen and elastin
c. loss of fat from the subcutaneous tissue
d. increases in sebaceous gland activity
d. increases in sebaceous gland activity
If a splinter penetrates the skin of the palm of the hand to the second epidermal layer from the surface, the last layer damaged is the
stratum granulosum.
stratum basale.
stratum corneum.
stratum lucidum.
stratum spinosum.
stratum lucidum.
Production of keratin fibers; formation of lamellar bodies; limited amount of cell division ( layer of epidermis)
stratum spinosum
Sloughing occurs; 25 or more layers of dead squamous cells (layer of epidermis)
stratum corneum
Production of cells; melanocytes produce and contribute melanin; hemidesmosomes present (layer of epidermis)
stratum basale
Production of keratohyalin granules; lamellar bodies release lipids; cells die (layer of epidermis)
stratum granulosum
Dispersion of keratohyalin around keratin fibers; layer appears transparent; cells dead (layer of epidermis)
stratum lucidum
The function of melanin in the skin is to
lubricate the skin.
prevent skin infections.
protect the skin from ultraviolet light.
reduce water loss.
help regulate body temperature.
protect the skin from ultraviolet light.
Concerning skin color, which pair of statements is not correctly matched?
skin appears yellow—carotene present
no skin pigmentation (albinism)—genetic disorder
skin tans—increased melanin production
skin appears blue (cyanosis)—oxygenated blood
African-Americans darker than Caucasians—more melanin in African-American skin
skin appears blue (cyanosis)—oxygenated blood
Layer of dermis responsible for most of the structural strength of the skin
reticular layer
Layer of dermis responsible for fingerprints and footprints
papillary layer
Layer of dermis responsible for cleavage lines and stretch marks
reticular layer
After birth, the type of hair on the scalp, eyelids, and eyebrows is
lanugo.
terminal hair.
vellus hair.
terminal hair
Hair
is produced by the dermal root sheath.
consists of living, keratinized epithelial cells.
is colored by melanin.
contains mostly soft keratin.
grows from the tip.
is colored by melanin
Given these parts of a hair and hair follicle:
(1) cortex
(2) cuticle
(3) dermal root sheath
(4) epithelial root sheath
(5) medulla
Arrange the structures in the correct order from the outside of the hair follicle to the center of the hair.
1,4,3,5,2
2,1,5,3,4
3,4,2,1,5
4,3,1,2,5
5,4,3,2,1
3,4,2,1,5
Concerning hair growth,
hair falls out of the hair follicle at the end of the growth stage.
most of the hair on the body grows continuously.
cutting or plucking the hair increases its growth rate and thickness.
genetic factors and the hormone testosterone are involved in “pattern baldness.”
eyebrows have a longer growth stage and resting stage than scalp hair.
genetic factors and the hormone testosterone are involved in “pattern baldness.”
Smooth muscles that are attached to hair follicles and produce “goose bumps” when they contract are called
external root sheaths.
arrector pili.
dermal papillae.
internal root sheaths.
hair bulbs.
arrector pili
Alveolar gland that produces a white, oily substance; usually open into hair follicles
sebaceous gland
Coiled, tubular gland that secretes a hyposmotic fluid that cools the body; most numerous in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet
eccrine sweat gland
Secretions from this coiled, tubular gland are broken down by bacteria to produce body odor; found in the axillae, in the genitalia, and around the anus
apocrine sweat gland
The lunula of the nail appears white because
it lacks melanin.
blood vessels cannot be seen through the thick nail matrix.
the cuticle decreases blood flow to the area.
the nail root is much thicker than the nail body.
the hyponychium is thicker than the cuticle.
blood vessels cannot be seen through the thick nail matrix.
Most of the nail is produced by the
cuticle.
hyponychium.
nail bed.
nail matrix.
dermis.
nail matrix.
The skin helps maintain optimum calcium and phosphate levels in the body by participating in the production of
vitamin A.
vitamin B.
vitamin D.
melanin.
keratin.
vitamin D.
Which of these processes increase(s) heat loss from the body?
dilation of dermal arterioles
constriction of dermal arterioles
increased sweating
Both a and c are correct.
Both b and c are correct.
Both a and c are correct.
In third-degree (full-thickness) burns, both the epidermis and the dermis are destroyed. Which of the following conditions does not occur as a result of a third-degree burn?
dehydration (increased water loss)
increased likelihood of infection
increased sweating
loss of sensation in the burned area
poor temperature regulation in the burned area
increased sweating
