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Anatomy 1 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

The central axis of the hair is the

Select one:
a. shaft.
b. cuticle.
c. hair bulb.
d. medulla.
e. root.

A

d. medulla.

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2
Q

Fingernails are comprised of:

Select one:
a. epithelial and collagen fibers produced in the dermis
b. thin, dead scaly cells
c. collagen deposited by the lunula and the matrix
d. proteins secreted by the nail groove from the matrix

A

b. thin, dead scaly cells

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3
Q

he portion of the hair below the surface of the skin is the

Select one:
a. shaft.
b. cuticle.
c. hair bulb.
d. medulla.
e. root.

A

e. root.

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4
Q

A

A

sebaceous gland

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5
Q

B

A

epidermis and dermis

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6
Q

C

A

hypodermis

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7
Q

D

A

arrector pilli

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8
Q

E

A

hair follicle

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9
Q

What protein is found in the nails, hair, and epidermis?

Select one:
a. melanin
b. keratin
c. carotene
d. elastin
e. collagen

A

b. keratin

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10
Q

A

A

sweat pore

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11
Q

B

A

sebaceous gland

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12
Q

C

A

apocrine sweat gland

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13
Q

D

A

duct of eccrine sweat gland

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14
Q

E

A

hair follicle

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15
Q

Which of the following statements concerning the epidermis is true?

Select one:
a. The dermis is superficial to the epidermis.
b. The epidermis contains numerous blood vessels.
c. The most numerous cells in the epidermis are the melanocytes.
d. The epidermis is nourished by blood vessels located in the dermis.
e. The epidermis is very permeable to water-soluble molecules.

A

d. The epidermis is nourished by blood vessels located in the dermis.

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16
Q

The vesicles that contain melanin are called ______.

Select one:
a. melanosomes
b. melanocytes
c. keratinocytes
d. Golgi apparatus

A

a. melanosomes

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17
Q

The contraction of the arrector pili:

Select one:
a. pulls the follicle into a more perpendicular position in relation to the skin surface
b. pulls the follicle into a more oblique angle in relation to the skin surface

A

a. pulls the follicle into a more perpendicular position in relation to the skin surface

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18
Q

Melanin is produced only by

Select one:
a. keratinocytes.
b. basal cells.
c. Langerhans cells.
d. melanocytes.
e. Merkel’s cells.

A

d. melanocytes.

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19
Q

Lead poisoning can be detected by doing an analysis of

Select one:
a. sweat.
b. skin folds.
c. nails.
d. hair.
e. skin.

A

d. hair.

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20
Q

When the arrector pili muscles contract

Select one:
a. the body is able to lose heat.
b. “goose bumps” form on the skin.
c. the hair on your arms and legs begins to curl.
d. the sweat glands empty their contents onto the surface of the skin.
e. no change is noted on the skin surface.

A

b. “goose bumps” form on the skin.

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21
Q

Which of the following statements is false?

Select one:
a. Most sebaceous glands are connected by a duct to the upper portion of the hair follicle.
b. Secretions from sebaceous glands provide protection against bacteria.
c. Secretions from sebaceous glands oil the hair and skin.
d. Sebaceous glands are an example of apocrine glands.
e. Sebaceous secretions are lipid soluble.

A

d. Sebaceous glands are an example of apocrine glands.

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22
Q

Which of the following skin changes is usually associated with aging?

Select one:
a. Skin becomes thicker.
b. There is an increase in the number of elastic fibers in the skin.
c. Loss of subcutaneous tissue contributes to sagging of the skin.
d. Localized increase in sebaceous glands leads to dry skin.
e. The amount of collagen in the dermis increases.

A

c. Loss of subcutaneous tissue contributes to sagging of the skin.

23
Q

Which of the following is NOT a complication of a major burn?

Select one:
a. fever
b. electrolyte imbalance
c. hypermetabolic state
d. weight loss
e. decreased protein demand

A

e. decreased protein demand

24
Q

Which of the following is the most common form of skin cancer?

Select one:
a. Melanoma
b. Basal cell carcinoma
c. Squamous cell carcinoma
d. Small cell carcinoma

A

b. Basal cell carcinoma

25
Q

A genetic disease characterized by the inability to produce melanin is

Select one:
a. melanosomes.
b. albinism.
c. dermatitis.
d. carotene.
e. cyanosis.

A

b. albinism.

26
Q

With aging, individuals tend to feel colder and usually need the thermostat in their home set higher in the winter to feel warm enough. This is probably because the elderly

Select one:
a. no longer experience hot flashes at night.
b. exhibit a decrease in melanin production.
c. experience a decrease in the thickness of their subcutaneous fat layer.
d. have more blood flowing to the skin.
e. have an increase in desquamation.

A

c. experience a decrease in the thickness of their subcutaneous fat layer.

27
Q

Which of the following is NOT associated with impetigo?

Select one:
a. Bacterial infection
b. Skin blisters with pus
c. Herpes Simplex II
d. Affects children
e. Yellowish crust

A

c. Herpes Simplex II

28
Q

The effects of aging on the skin include all of the following except:

Select one:
a. thinner epidermis
b. reduction in collagen and elastin
c. loss of fat from the subcutaneous tissue
d. increases in sebaceous gland activity

A

d. increases in sebaceous gland activity

29
Q

If a splinter penetrates the skin of the palm of the hand to the second epidermal layer from the surface, the last layer damaged is the

stratum granulosum.
stratum basale.
stratum corneum.
stratum lucidum.
stratum spinosum.

A

stratum lucidum.

30
Q

Production of keratin fibers; formation of lamellar bodies; limited amount of cell division ( layer of epidermis)

A

stratum spinosum

31
Q

Sloughing occurs; 25 or more layers of dead squamous cells (layer of epidermis)

A

stratum corneum

32
Q

Production of cells; melanocytes produce and contribute melanin; hemidesmosomes present (layer of epidermis)

A

stratum basale

33
Q

Production of keratohyalin granules; lamellar bodies release lipids; cells die (layer of epidermis)

A

stratum granulosum

34
Q

Dispersion of keratohyalin around keratin fibers; layer appears transparent; cells dead (layer of epidermis)

A

stratum lucidum

35
Q

The function of melanin in the skin is to

lubricate the skin.
prevent skin infections.
protect the skin from ultraviolet light.
reduce water loss.
help regulate body temperature.

A

protect the skin from ultraviolet light.

36
Q

Concerning skin color, which pair of statements is not correctly matched?

skin appears yellow—carotene present
no skin pigmentation (albinism)—genetic disorder
skin tans—increased melanin production
skin appears blue (cyanosis)—oxygenated blood
African-Americans darker than Caucasians—more melanin in African-American skin

A

skin appears blue (cyanosis)—oxygenated blood

37
Q

Layer of dermis responsible for most of the structural strength of the skin

A

reticular layer

38
Q

Layer of dermis responsible for fingerprints and footprints

A

papillary layer

39
Q

Layer of dermis responsible for cleavage lines and stretch marks

A

reticular layer

40
Q

After birth, the type of hair on the scalp, eyelids, and eyebrows is

lanugo.
terminal hair.
vellus hair.

A

terminal hair

41
Q

Hair

is produced by the dermal root sheath.
consists of living, keratinized epithelial cells.
is colored by melanin.
contains mostly soft keratin.
grows from the tip.

A

is colored by melanin

42
Q

Given these parts of a hair and hair follicle:
(1) cortex
(2) cuticle
(3) dermal root sheath
(4) epithelial root sheath
(5) medulla

Arrange the structures in the correct order from the outside of the hair follicle to the center of the hair.
1,4,3,5,2
2,1,5,3,4
3,4,2,1,5
4,3,1,2,5
5,4,3,2,1

A

3,4,2,1,5

43
Q

Concerning hair growth,

hair falls out of the hair follicle at the end of the growth stage.
most of the hair on the body grows continuously.
cutting or plucking the hair increases its growth rate and thickness.
genetic factors and the hormone testosterone are involved in “pattern baldness.”
eyebrows have a longer growth stage and resting stage than scalp hair.

A

genetic factors and the hormone testosterone are involved in “pattern baldness.”

44
Q

Smooth muscles that are attached to hair follicles and produce “goose bumps” when they contract are called

external root sheaths.
arrector pili.
dermal papillae.
internal root sheaths.
hair bulbs.

A

arrector pili

45
Q

Alveolar gland that produces a white, oily substance; usually open into hair follicles

A

sebaceous gland

46
Q

Coiled, tubular gland that secretes a hyposmotic fluid that cools the body; most numerous in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet

A

eccrine sweat gland

47
Q

Secretions from this coiled, tubular gland are broken down by bacteria to produce body odor; found in the axillae, in the genitalia, and around the anus

A

apocrine sweat gland

48
Q

The lunula of the nail appears white because

it lacks melanin.
blood vessels cannot be seen through the thick nail matrix.
the cuticle decreases blood flow to the area.
the nail root is much thicker than the nail body.
the hyponychium is thicker than the cuticle.

A

blood vessels cannot be seen through the thick nail matrix.

49
Q

Most of the nail is produced by the

cuticle.
hyponychium.
nail bed.
nail matrix.
dermis.

A

nail matrix.

50
Q

The skin helps maintain optimum calcium and phosphate levels in the body by participating in the production of

vitamin A.
vitamin B.
vitamin D.
melanin.
keratin.

A

vitamin D.

51
Q

Which of these processes increase(s) heat loss from the body?
dilation of dermal arterioles
constriction of dermal arterioles
increased sweating
Both a and c are correct.
Both b and c are correct.

A

Both a and c are correct.

52
Q

In third-degree (full-thickness) burns, both the epidermis and the dermis are destroyed. Which of the following conditions does not occur as a result of a third-degree burn?

dehydration (increased water loss)
increased likelihood of infection
increased sweating
loss of sensation in the burned area
poor temperature regulation in the burned area

A

increased sweating

52
Q
A

Anatomy 1 (17 decks)

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