Chapter 14 Flashcards
The ability of an organism to maintain relatively stable internal conditions while external conditions change.
homeostasis
A mechanism that responds to and corrects a homeostatic imbalance.
negative feedback mechanism
Lowered body temperature due to external conditions or illness.
hypothermia
Raised body temperature due to external conditions or fever.
hyperthermia
A form of hyperthermia that occurs when the body is trying to fight infection.
fever
The neurons in the skin and hypothalamus that respond to temperature changes.
thermoreceptors
A hormone secreted by the parathyroid that helps raise blood calcium concentrations.
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
A hormone that is a form of vitamin D that aids in calcium absorption.
calcitriol
A hormone secreted by the thyroid gland that helps lower blood calcium concentrations.
calcitonin
A hormone that facilitates sodium reabsorption and potassium and hydrogen excretion.
aldosterone
This process occurs when the contents of a cell are excised after a vesicle in the cytoplasm and cell membrane fuse.
exocytosis
A deficiency of calcium in the blood.
hypocalcemia
If a person decided to jump over a chair, which of the following areas organizes the motor functions needed to carry out this action.
Select one:
a. visual cortex
b. premotor area
c. prefrontal area
d. auditory association area
e. visual association area
b. premotor area
Which of the following result when the spinal cord is hemitransected (cut) on the left side?
(1) loss of pain and thermal sensations below the injury on the left side
(2) loss of pain and thermal sensations below the injury on the right side
(3) loss of fine touch and pressure sensations below the injury on the left side
(4) loss of fine touch and pressure sensations below the injury on right side
(5) loss of fine motor control on the right side below the injury
(6) loss of fine motor control on the left side below the injury
Select one:
a. 1, 3, 5
b. 2, 4, 6
c. 2, 3, 6
d. 1, 3, 4, 6
e. 1, 4, 5, 6
c. 2, 3, 6
The type of brain waves observed in an individual who is awake but in a quiet resting state with eyes closed are _____ waves.
Select one:
a. alpha
b. beta
c. delta
d. theta
e. gamma
a. alpha
In an ascending pathway, axons of the secondary neuron travel from the
Select one:
a. receptor to the spinal cord.
b. receptor to the brain.
c. spinal cord through the brainstem to the thalamus.
d. thalamus to the cerebral cortex.
e. spinal cord to cerebellum.
c. spinal cord through the brainstem to the thalamus.
The extrapyramidal system
Select one:
a. controls the speed of skilled movements.
b. maintains control of unconscious movements.
c. interprets cutaneous perception.
d. projects sensory information from the medulla to the cerebrum.
e. control facial expression, mastication, and tongue movements.
b. maintains control of unconscious movements.
Which of the following is an example of procedural or implicit memory?
Select one:
a. remembering your name
b. riding a bicycle
c. locating Russia on a globe
d. being afraid of snakes
e. reciting a poem
b. riding a bicycle
Which of these activities is associated with the left cerebral hemisphere in most people?
Select one:
a. motor control of left side of the body
b. mathematics and speech
c. spatial perception
d. recognition of faces
e. musical ability
b. mathematics and speech
A
Primary motor cortex
B
Primary somatic sensory cortex
C
Motor speech area (Broca area)
D
sensory speech area (wernicke area)
E
visual cortex
E
As the nervous system ages
Select one:
a. reflexes become faster.
b. cutaneous sensation becomes more acute.
c. blood pressure decreases.
d. reflexes become slower.
e. size and weight of the brain increases.
d. reflexes become slower.
Various areas of the cortex form functional pathways to conduct action potentials necessary to perform specific functions. Arrange the areas below in proper sequence to accomplish reading a poem aloud.
(1) visual association area
(2) premotor area
(3) Broca area
(4) primary motor area
(5) Wernicke area
(6) visual cortex
Select one:
a. 1, 6, 5, 3, 4, 2
b. 6, 1, 5, 3, 2, 4
c. 6, 1, 3, 5, 4, 2
d. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 3
e. 5, 4, 3, 6, 1, 2
b. 6, 1, 5, 3, 2, 4
Sensory receptors that release neurotransmitters in response to receptor potentials are called ______ receptors.
Select one:
a. primary
b. secondary
c. direct
d. indirect
b. secondary