Chapter 3 Flashcards
flat, tightly packed
epithelial cell
long, threadlike
nerve cell
thin, rod like
muscle cell
shapeless, clumped
adipose cell
guard skin and organ cells
epithelial cells
contract and pull body parts together
muscle cell
insulate and defend body cells
adipose cell
send impulses throughout body
nerve cell
During this phase, chromosomes condense into short rods.
phase 1, prophase
During this phase, chromosomes line up along the center of the cell.
phase 2, metaphase
During this phase, centromeres divide and chromatids separate.
phase 3, anaphase
During this phase, chromosomes cluster on the cell.
phase 4, telophase
The smallest structural unit of life.
cell
Thin, flattened, and tightly packed cells that replicate quickly and do not contain blood vessels.
epithelial cells
An organic substance composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.
lipid
The ability of an organism to maintain relatively stable internal conditions while external conditions change.
homeostasis
The selective process the body uses to allow or refuse the entry of bodily fluids into and out of cells.
selective permeability
The dense center of an atom; composed of protons and neutrons.
nucleus
The fluid located between the nucleus and the surface membrane of a cell.
cytoplasm
The outer boundary of the cell through which the cell interacts with the external environment.
cell membrane
The process of a single cell splitting into two daughter cells, each with genetic material that is identical to the original cell.
cell division
A specialized portion of a cell that performs a specific function.
organelle
A double-walled membrane network inside a cytoplasm.
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
A small, round cytoplasmic organelle in which protein synthesis occurs.
ribosome
A
phospholipid bilayer
B
membrane channel
C
peripheral membrane
D
integral protein
E
internal membrane surface
The lower limit of resolution of a light microscope is
Select one:
a. 100μm
b. 0.1μm
c. 10μm
d. 0.01μm
e. 1.0μm
b. 0.1μm
Which of the following could be used to study general features of cells?
Select one:
a. a magnifying glass
b. scanning electron microscope
c. transmission electron microscope
d. binoculars
e. light microscope
e. light microscope
Which of the following is NOT true of a transmission electron microscope (TEM)?
Select one:
a. The limit of resolution is about 0.1nm.
b. Electrons are passed through the specimen.
c. Gives the clearest three-dimensional images.
d. The specimen must be fixed in plastic.
e. The electron beam is focused with electromagnets.
c. Gives the clearest three-dimensional images.
Which of these cells would most likely have the largest number of mitochondria?
Select one:
a. bone cells
b. muscle cells
c. fat cells
d. blood cells
e. skin cells
b. muscle cells
Which of the following correctly matches a nuclear structure with its function?
Select one:
a. chromosomes - contains RNA and histones
b. nuclear envelope - contains the nucleolar organizer
c. nuclear pores - allow molecules to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
d. chromatin - fluid portion of the nucleus
e. nucleolus - DNA synthesis
c. nuclear pores - allow molecules to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
The centrioles are found in a zone of cytoplasm close to the nucleus called the
Select one:
a. cytogel.
b. cytosol.
c. vacuole.
d. centrosome.
e. proteasome.
d. centrosome.
Membrane proteins that extend into the lipid bilayer are called
Select one:
a. peripheral proteins.
b. extrinsic proteins.
c. integral proteins.
d. glycoproteins.
e. lipoproteins.
c. integral proteins.
What type of membrane proteins are integral proteins that move ions or molecules across plasma membrane?
Select one:
a. marker molecules
b. channel protein
c. receptor proteins
d. enzymes
e. carrier proteins
e. carrier proteins
A person suffered burns over a large part of his body. Evaporation of fluid from the surface of burned areas occurs. As a result of the evaporation process, cells will tend to
Select one:
a. shrink.
b. swell.
c. rupture.
d. first swell and then resume their original shape.
e. remain unchanged.
a. shrink.
Microvilli
Select one:
a. are extensions of the lysosomal membrane.
b. function to make the cell mobile.
c. are supported by microtubules.
d. move the cell.
e. increase the surface area of the cell.
e. increase the surface area of the cell.
The anticodon sequence GUA pairs with which of the following codons?
Select one:
a. CAT
b. GUA
c. CTU
d. CAU
e. CTT
d. CAU
Portions of pre-mRNA that do NOT code for parts of a protein are called
Select one:
a. introns and stop codons
b. start codons.
c. exons.
d. proteins
e. All of these except exons do not code for parts of a protein.
a. introns and stop codons
Transcription
Select one:
a. requires three types of RNA.
b. synthesizes RNA from DNA.
c. occurs at the ribosomes.
d. copies information from mRNA to tRNA.
e. synthesizes DNA from RNA.
b. synthesizes RNA from DNA.
In which part of the cell cycle do chromosomes align along the equator?
Select one:
a. interphase
b. prophase
c. metaphase
d. anaphase
e. telophase
c. metaphase
In prophase
Select one:
a. the chromosomes condense, shorten, and thicken.
b. the spindle fibers disappear.
c. the chromosomes replicate.
d. cytokinesis occurs.
e. DNA is synthesized.
a. the chromosomes condense, shorten, and thicken.
All triplets required to code for synthesis of a protein are a
Select one:
a. pre-mRNA.
b. proenzyme.
c. gene.
d. ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
e. codon.
e. codon.
Cytokinesis is completed at the end of this phase.
Select one:
a. interphase
b. prophase
c. metaphase
d. anaphase
e. telophase
e. telophase
In the plasma membrane, ____ form(s) the lipid bilayer, _____ determine(s) the fluid nature of the membrane, and ____ mainly determine(s) the function of the membrane.
phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins
phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol
proteins, cholesterol, phospholipids
cholesterol, phospholipids, proteins
cholesterol, proteins, phospholipids
phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins
Which of the following functioning proteins are found in the plasma membrane?
channel proteins
marker molecules
receptor molecules
enzymes
All of these are correct.
All of these are correct.
In general, lipid-soluble molecules diffuse through the______ ; small, water-soluble molecules diffuse through the ______.
membrane channels, membrane channels
membrane channels, lipid bilayer
lipid bilayer, carrier proteins
membrane channels, carrier proteins
carrier proteins, membrane channels
lipid bilayer, carrier proteins
Small pieces of matter, and even whole cells, can be transported across the plasma membrane in
membrane channels.
carrier molecules.
receptor molecules.
marker molecules.
vesicles.
vesicles.
The rate of diffusion increases if the
concentration gradient decreases.
temperature of a solution decreases.
viscosity of a solution decreases.
All of these are correct.
viscosity of a solution decreases.
Concerning the process of diffusion, at equilibrium
the net movement of solutes stops.
random molecular motion continues.
there is an equal movement of solute in opposite directions.
the concentration of solute is equal throughout the solution.
All of these are correct.
All of these are correct.
If a cell is placed in a(n) ____ solution, lysis of the cell may occur.
hypertonic
hypotonic
isotonic
isosmotic
hypotonic
Suppose that a woman runs a long-distance race in the summer. During the race, she loses a large amount of hyposmotic sweat. You would expect her cells to
shrink.
swell.
stay the same.
shrink.
Which of these statements about facilitated diffusion is true?
In facilitated diffusion, net movement is down the concentration gradient.
Facilitated diffusion requires the expenditure of energy.
Facilitated diffusion does not require a carrier protein.
Facilitated diffusion moves materials through membrane channels.
Facilitated diffusion moves materials in vesicles.
In facilitated diffusion, net movement is down the concentration gradient.
Which of these statements concerning the symport of glucose into cells is true?
The sodium-potassium exchange pump moves Na+ into cells.
The concentration of Na+ outside cells is less than inside cells.
A carrier protein moves Na+ into cells and glucose out of cells.
The concentration of glucose can be greater inside cells than outside cells.
As Na+ are actively transported into the cell, glucose is carried along.
The concentration of glucose can be greater inside cells than outside cells.
A white blood cell ingests solid particles by forming vesicles. This describes the process of
exocytosis.
facilitated diffusion.
secondary active transport.
phagocytosis.
pinocytosis.
phagocytosis.
Given these characteristics:
(1) requires energy
(2) requires carrier proteins
(3) requires membrane channels
(4) requires vesicles
Choose the characteristics that apply to exocytosis.
1,2
1,4
1,3,4
1,2,3
1,2,3,4
1,4
Cytoplasm is found
in the nucleus.
outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane.
outside the plasma membrane.
inside mitochondria.
everywhere in the cell.
outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane.
Which of these elements of the cytoskeleton is composed of tubulin and forms essential components of centrioles, spindle fibers, cilia, and flagella?
actin filaments
intermediate filaments
microtubules
microtubules
A large structure, normally visible in the nucleus of a cell, where ribosomal subunits are produced is called a(n)
endoplasmic reticulum.
nucleolus.
mitochondrion.
lysosome.
mitochondrion.
A cell that synthesizes large amounts of protein for use outside the cell has a large
number of cytoplasmic inclusions.
number of mitochondria.
amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum.
amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
number of lysosomes.
amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Which of these organelles produces large amounts of ATP?
nucleus
mitochondria
ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum
lysosomes
mitochondria
Cylindrically shaped extensions of the plasma membrane that do not move, are supported by actin filaments, and may function in absorption or as sensory receptors are
centrioles.
spindle fibers.
cilia.
flagella.
microvilli.
microvilli.
A portion of an mRNA molecule that determines one amino acid in a polypeptide chain is called a(n)
nucleotide.
gene.
codon.
exon.
intron.
codon.
In which of these organelles is mRNA synthesized?
nucleus
ribosome
endoplasmic reticulum
nuclear envelope
peroxisome
nucleus
During the cell life cycle, DNA replication occurs during the
G1 phase.
G2 phase.
M phase.
S phase.
S phase.
Given the following activities:
(1) repair
(2) growth
(3) gamete production
(4) differentiation
Which of the activities is (are) the result of mitosis?
2
3
1,2
3,4
1,2,4
1,2
Apoptosis
is a programmed cell death.
removes excess cells between the developing fingers and toes of a fetus.
eliminates virally infected cells and cancer cells from the body.
All of these are correct.
All of these are correct
