Chapter 10 Flashcards
Muscle: helps body move either by contracting or relaxing the muscle.
skeletal
passes along stimulation so that intercalated discs all contract together
cardiac
Passes along stimulation in a wave-like pattern that comes from the short form of the fibers.
smooth
Produces the pulse you feel when you touch your wrist
cardiac
Moves food through the intestines
smooth
keeps the body upright
skeletal
degeneration of muscle cells, resulting in severeatrophy
muscular dystrophy
damaged scars made up of connective tissue replace cardiac or skeletal muscles
fibrosis
Sometimes caused by repeated muscular strain
fibrositis
Pain in muscles and where muscles connect to tendons
fibromyalgia
The long, striated muscle that is attached to bone.
skeletal muscle
An involuntary muscle in the heart.
cardiac muscle
An involuntary muscle in the hollow organs.
smooth muscle
A muscle cell.
muscle fiber
Gap-junctions between cardiac muscle cells.
intercalated disks
A rope-like organ that transfers information to the central nervous system.
nerve
A nerve fiber that sends nerve impulses.
axon
A rapid change in a cell’s electrical charge that reverses the plasma membrane’s electrical polarity.
action potential
A part of the central nervous system; extends from the brain stem through the vertebrae
spinal cord
The junction between nerve endings and muscle fibers
neuromuscular junction
A chemical in the neuromuscular junction that aids in stimulating or inhibiting muscle contraction.
neurotransmitter
An increase in bulk and size of muscle fibers.
hypertrophy
The adductor longus is named for its
Select one:
a. function and orientation.
b. origin and insertion.
c. location and size.
d. type and shape.
e. function and size.
e. function and size.
Which of the following is inserted on the calcaneus by the Achilles tendon?
Select one:
a. tibialis posterior
b. peroneus longus
c. peroneus brevis
d. extensor digitorum longus
e. gastrocnemius
e. gastrocnemius
The arm is attached to the thorax by the
Select one:
a. pectoralis major and teres major.
b. supraspinatus and latissimus dorsi.
c. pectoralis minor and pectoralis major.
d. latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major.
e. biceps brachii and triceps brachii.
d. latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major.
A
temporalis
B
Masseter
C
Sternocleidomastoid
D
Trapezius
E
orbicularis oculi
A
inferior rectus
B
superior oblique
C
superior rectus
D
lateral rectus
E
inferior oblique
Which of the following muscles is named for its location?
Select one:
a. rhomboideus major
b. quadriceps femoris
c. trapezius
d. deltoid
e. teres major
b. quadriceps femoris
A
serratus anterior
B
linea alba
C
external abdominal oblique
D
rectus ado minis
E
internal oblique
Of the following muscles of the thigh, which one is NOT part of the quadriceps group?
Select one:
a. biceps femoris
b. rectus femoris
c. vastus lateralis
d. vastus medialis
e. vastus intermedius
a. biceps femoris
The levator palpebrae superioris muscle
Select one:
a. puckers the mouth for kissing.
b. contributes to pouting.
c. contributes to laughing and smiling.
d. causes crow’s feet wrinkles.
e. raises the eyelid.
e. raises the eyelid.
The orbicularis oculi muscle
Select one:
a. puckers the mouth for kissing.
b. contributes to pouting.
c. contributes to laughing and smiling.
d. causes crow’s feet wrinkles.
e. raises the eyelid.
d. causes crow’s feet wrinkles.
The extensor pollicis brevis moves the
Select one:
a. forearm.
b. fingers.
c. thumb.
d. retinaculum.
e. palm.
c. thumb.
The anconeus works with the triceps brachii to
Select one:
a. supinate the forearm.
b. extend the forearm.
c. pronate the forearm.
d. flex the forearm.
e. rotate the forearm.
b. extend the forearm.
Which of the following muscles would be considered an antagonist to the rectus femoris?
Select one:
a. sartorius
b. biceps femoris
c. vastus intermedius
d. gracilis
e. vastus lateralis
b. biceps femoris
The abdominal muscle that has its origin at the pubic crest and symphysis pubis is the
Select one:
a. rectus abdominis.
b. transversus abdominis.
c. external abdominal oblique.
d. internal abdominal oblique.
e. linea alba.
a. rectus abdominis
The flexion of the elbow represents a
Select one:
a. class I lever system.
b. class II lever system.
c. class III lever system.
d. class IV lever system.
e. nonlever system.
c. class III lever system.
The infraspinatus
Select one:
a. laterally rotates the arm.
b. adducts and laterally rotates the arm.
c. medially rotates the arm.
d. abducts the arm.
e. flexes the shoulder.
a. laterally rotates the arm.
Which abdominal wall muscle inserts on the xiphoid process and the linea alba?
Select one:
a. rectus abdominis
b. external abdominal oblique
c. internal abdominal oblique
d. transversus abdominis
e. quadratus lumborum
d. transversus abdominis
Of the following muscles of the thigh, which one does NOT pull the leg forward?
Select one:
a. biceps femoris
b. rectus femoris
c. vastus lateralis
d. vastus medialis
e. vastus intermedius
a. biceps femoris
The term “shin splints” is associated with
Select one:
a. injuries resulting from excessive stress on the tibialis anterior.
b. stress fractures of the fibula 2 to 5 cm distal to the knee.
c. posterior compartment syndrome.
d. injuries resulting from excessive stress on the tibialis posterior.
e. RICE.
a. injuries resulting from excessive stress on the tibialis anterior.
Muscles that oppose one another are
synergists.
levers.
hateful.
antagonists.
fixators.
antagonists.
The most movable attachment of a muscle is its
origin.
insertion.
fascia.
fulcrum.
belly.
insertion.
The muscle whose name means it is to the side of midline is the
gluteus maximus.
vastus lateralis.
teres major.
latissimus dorsi.
adductor magnus.
vastus lateralis.
In a class III lever system, the
fulcrum is located between the pull and the weight.
weight is located between the fulcrum and the pull.
pull is located between the fulcrum and the weight.
pull is located between the fulcrum and the weight.
A prominent lateral muscle of the neck that can cause flexion of the neck or rotate the head is the
digastric.
mylohyoid.
sternocleidomastoid.
buccinator.
platysma.
sternocleidomastoid.
An aerial circus performer who supports her body only with her teeth while spinning around should have strong
temporalis muscles.
masseter muscles.
buccinator muscles.
Both a and b are correct.
All of these are correct.
Both a and b are correct.
The tongue’s shape changes primarily because of
the action of the
extrinsic tongue muscles.
intrinsic tongue muscles.
intrinsic tongue muscles.
The infrahyoid muscles
elevate the mandible.
move the mandible from side to side.
fix (prevent movement of) the hyoid.
Both a and b are correct.
All of these are correct.
fix (prevent movement of) the hyoid.
The soft palate muscles
prevent food from entering the nasal cavity.
close the auditory tube.
force food into the esophagus.
prevent food from entering the larynx.
elevate the mandible.
prevent food from entering the nasal cavity.
Which of these movements is not caused by contraction of the erector spinae muscles?
flexion of the vertebral column
lateral flexion of the vertebral column
extension of the vertebral column
rotation of the vertebral column
flexion of the vertebral column
Which of these muscles is not involved with the inhalation of air?
diaphragm
external intercostals
scalenes
transversus thoracis
transversus thoracis
Given these muscles:
(1) external abdominal oblique
(2) internal abdominal oblique
(3) transversus abdominis
Choose the arrangement that lists the muscles from most superficial to deepest.
1,2,3
1,3,2
2,1,3
2,3,1
3,1,2
1,2,3
Tendinous intersections
-attach the rectus abdominis muscles to the xiphoid process.
-divide the rectus abdominis muscles into segments.
separate the abdominal wall from the thigh.
-are the sites where blood vessels exit the abdomen into the thigh.
-are the central point of attachment for all the abdominal muscles.
divide the rectus abdominis muscles into segments.
Which of these muscles can both elevate and depress the scapula?
rhomboideus major and minor
levator scapulae
serratus anterior
trapezius
pectoralis minor
trapezius
Which of these muscles does not adduct the arm (humerus)?
latissimus dorsi
deltoid
teres major
pectoralis major
coracobrachialis
deltoid
Which of these muscles would you expect to be especially well developed in a boxer known for his powerful jab (punching straight ahead)?
biceps brachii
brachialis
trapezius
triceps brachii
supinator
triceps brachii
Which of these muscles is an antagonist of the triceps brachii?
biceps brachii
anconeus
latissimus dorsi
brachioradialis
supinator
biceps brachii
The posterior group of forearm muscles is responsible for
flexion of the wrist.
flexion of the fingers.
extension of the fingers.
Both a and b are correct.
All of these are correct.
extension of the fingers.
Which of these muscles is an intrinsic hand muscle that moves the thumb?
flexor pollicis brevis
flexor digiti minimi brevis
flexor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis longus
All of these are correct.
flexor pollicis brevis
Given these muscles:
(1) iliopsoas
(2) rectus femoris
(3) sartorius
Which of the muscles flex the hip?
1
1,2
1,3
2,3
1,2,3
1,2,3
Which of these muscles is found in the medial compartment of the thigh?
rectus femoris
sartorius
gracilis
vastus medialis
semitendinosus
gracilis
Which of these is not a muscle that can flex the knee?
biceps femoris
vastus medialis
gastrocnemius
gracilis
sartorius
vastus medialis
The ______ muscles evert the foot, whereas the _____ muscles invert the foot.
-fibularis (longus and brevis), gastrocnemius and soleus
-fibularis (longus and brevis), tibialis anterior and extensor hallucis longus
-tibialis anterior and extensor hallucis longus, fibularis longus and brevis
-tibialis anterior and extensor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus
-flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus, gastrocnemius and soleus
fibularis (longus and brevis), tibialis anterior and extensor hallucis longus
Which of these muscles causes plantar flexion of the foot?
tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
fibularis tertius
soleus
sartorius
soleus
the fulcrum is located between the weight and the pull (or force) (seesaw)
WFP
Class I lever
weight is located between the fulcrum and the pull (or force). upward pull lifts weight (wheelbarrow)
PWF
Class II lever
the pull or force is located between the fulcrum and the weight. upward pull lifts weight (lifting weight, shovel)
WPF
Class III lever
the pull or force is located between the fulcrum and the weight. upward pull lifts weight (lifting weight, shovel)
WPF
Class III lever
