Chapter 3/29 Flashcards
A gene is
the functional unit of heredity.
a certain portion of a DNA molecule.
a part of a chromosome.
All of these are correct.
All of these are correct.
Which of these terms is correctly matched with its definition?
autosome—an X or a Y chromosome
phenotype—the genetic makeup of an individual
allele—variant form of a gene occupying locus on a homologous chromosome
heterozygous—having two identical genes for a trait
recessive—a trait expressed when the genes are heterozygous
allele—variant form of a gene occupying locus on a homologous chromosome
Which of these genotypes is heterozygous?
DD
Dd
dd
Both a and c are correct.
Dd
The AB blood type in the ABO blood group is an example of
dominant versus recessive alleles.
incomplete dominance.
codominance.
a polygenic trait.
sex-linked inheritance.
codominance.
Assume that a trait is determined by an X-linked dominant gene. If the mother exhibits the trait but the father does not, then their
sons are more likely than their daughters to exhibit the trait.
daughters are more likely than their sons to exhibit the trait.
sons and daughters are equally likely to exhibit the trait.
sons and daughters are equally likely to exhibit the trait.
anabolism
uses energy
catabolism
releases energy
aerobic reactions
use oxygen/ efficient
anaerobic reaction
do not use oxygen, when breathing heavily. high intensity
Walking after running stimulates oxygen access to the muscles. This allows the body to bring oxygen to the cells to stimulate aerobic reactions and reduce lactic acid.
Anaerobic Reaction
Aerobic Reaction
aerobic reaction
Right after he gets on his bike and the race begins, he builds up speed.
anaerobic reaction
His legs muscle begin to burn.
anaerobic reaction
He begins to acclimate to the exercise and his breathing normalizes.
aerobic
He uses a burst of energy to get up a steep hill.
anaerobic
He rests his legs as he goes down a hill.
aerobic
He sprints towards the finish line.
anaerobic
He gets off his bike and walks.
aerobic
All chemical reactions that occur in your body.
metabolism
The power to cause something to move; to work.
energy
y
The power to cause something to move; to work.
energy
The metabolic process that consumes energy and synthesizes smaller molecules into larger molecules.
anabolism
The metabolic process that releases energy and breaks down larger molecules into smaller molecules.
catabolism
Chemical particles composed of two or more atoms united by a covalent chemical bond.
molecule
Chemical particles composed of two or more atoms united by a covalent chemical bond.
molecule
The metabolic process that releases energy and breaks down larger molecules into smaller molecules.
catabolism
Chemical particles composed of two or more atoms united by a covalent chemical bond.
molecule
The metabolic process that releases energy and breaks down larger molecules into smaller molecules.
catabolism
A protein catalyst that increases the rate at which a chemical reaction proceeds; the enzyme remains unchanged during these reactions.
enzyme
Organic substances composed of linked amino acid molecules.
protein
The substance that an enzyme acts on and changes.
substrate
The process of breaking down glucose to ATP and pyruvic acid.
glycolysis
The process of breaking down glucose to ATP and pyruvic acid.
glycolysis
The metabolic process that releases energy and breaks down larger molecules into smaller molecules.
catabolism
The substance that an enzyme acts on and changes.
substrate
Chemical particles composed of two or more atoms united by a covalent chemical bond.
molecule
Metabolic process that does require oxygen.
aerobic
The metabolic process that does not require oxygen.
anaerobic
The presence of a cellular clock, presence of “death genes” and damage to DNA or mitochondria are all theories of _____.
Select one:
a. aging
b. death
c. differentiation
d. cleavage
a. aging
The genotype WW is best described as
Select one:
a. homozygous recessive.
b. homozygous dominant.
c. heterozygous dominant.
d. heterozygous recessive.
e. homorecessive.
b. homozygous dominant.
Genes that are passed from male to male are called
Select one:
a. structural genes.
b. autosomes.
c. genotypes.
d. polygenic.
e. y-linked.
e. y-linked.
In humans, somatic cells have ____ chromosomes, while reproductive cells (gametes) have ____.
Select one:
a. 23; 46
b. 92; 46
c. 46; 23
d. 46; 69
e. 92; 23
c. 46; 23
Which of the following genotypes will result in a male?
Select one:
a. XO
b. XY
c. XX
d. XXX
e. YY
b. XY
A person’s height, intelligence, eye color, and skin color are examples of
Select one:
a. incomplete dominance.
b. complete dominance.
c. complete recessiveness.
d. codominance.
e. polygenic traits.
e. polygenic traits.
A display of the chromosomes of a somatic cell during metaphase of mitosis is the
Select one:
a. karyotype.
b. autosome.
c. homolog.
d. locus.
e. genome.
a. karyotype.
What term means that both alleles are different?
Select one:
a. locus
b. alleles
c. homozygous
d. heterozygous
e. karyotype
d. heterozygous
What term describes the inheritance of a trait which in the heterozygote has an intermediate expression between either allele?
Select one:
a. Incomplete penetrance
b. Incomplete dominance
c. Complete dominance
d. Codominance
b. Incomplete dominance
If an albino (aa) mates with a person homozygous for normal pigment (AA),
Select one:
a. half of the offspring are normal.
b. half of the offspring are albinos.
c. all offspring are homozygous normal.
d. all offspring are albinos.
e. All the offspring are normal but carriers.
e. All the offspring are normal but carriers.
A different form of an allele at a particular locus that can have no effect to major effects on the phenotype is a(n)
Select one:
a. allelic variant.
b. mutated allele.
c. polymorphism.
d. All of the choices are correct.
d. All of the choices are correct.
What type of gene expression are the ABO blood types an example of?
Select one:
a. complete dominance
b. codominance
c. incomplete dominance
d. recessiveness
e. polymorphism
b. codominance
What genetic disorder is the inability to produce normal hemoglobin?
Select one:
a. albinism
b. sickle-cell disease
c. hemophilia
d. Down syndrome
e. achondroplasia
b. sickle-cell disease
A mutation involving a single nucleotide is a _____ mutation.
Select one:
a. deletion
b. duplication
c. nondisjunction
d. point
e. aneuploidy
d. point
Which of the following chromosome anomalies can be found in either sex?
Select one:
a. Turner’s Syndrome (XO)
b. Klinefelter’s Syndrome (XXY)
c. Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)
d. Barker’s Syndrome
e. They all can be found in either sex.
c. Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)
What genetic disorder is the failure to produce clotting factors?
Select one:
a. albinism
b. sickle-cell disease
c. hemophilia
d. Down syndrome
e. achondroplasia
c. hemophilia
A mistake during segregation of chromosomes is called
Select one:
a. deletion.
b. duplication.
c. nondisjunction.
d. point mutation.
e. aneuploidy
c. nondisjunction.
What genetic disorder is caused by having three chromosomes 21?
Select one:
a. albinism
b. sickle-cell disease
c. hemophilia
d. Down syndrome
e. achondroplasia
d. Down syndrome
Down Syndrome is an example of an aneuploidy called
Select one:
a. monosomy 21.
b. trisomy 21.
c. monosomy 23.
d. trisomy 17.
e. disomy 21.
b. trisomy 21.
What genetic disorder is characterized by lack of skin, hair, eye coloration?
Select one:
a. albinism
b. sickle-cell disease
c. hemophilia
d. Down syndrome
e. achondroplasia
a. albinism
