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Anatomy 1 > Chapter 3/29 > Flashcards

Chapter 3/29 Flashcards

1
Q

A gene is

the functional unit of heredity.
a certain portion of a DNA molecule.
a part of a chromosome.
All of these are correct.

A

All of these are correct.

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2
Q

Which of these terms is correctly matched with its definition?

autosome—an X or a Y chromosome
phenotype—the genetic makeup of an individual
allele—variant form of a gene occupying locus on a homologous chromosome
heterozygous—having two identical genes for a trait
recessive—a trait expressed when the genes are heterozygous

A

allele—variant form of a gene occupying locus on a homologous chromosome

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3
Q

Which of these genotypes is heterozygous?

DD
Dd
dd
Both a and c are correct.

A

Dd

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4
Q

The AB blood type in the ABO blood group is an example of

dominant versus recessive alleles.
incomplete dominance.
codominance.
a polygenic trait.
sex-linked inheritance.

A

codominance.

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5
Q

Assume that a trait is determined by an X-linked dominant gene. If the mother exhibits the trait but the father does not, then their

sons are more likely than their daughters to exhibit the trait.
daughters are more likely than their sons to exhibit the trait.
sons and daughters are equally likely to exhibit the trait.

A

sons and daughters are equally likely to exhibit the trait.

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6
Q

anabolism

A

uses energy

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7
Q

catabolism

A

releases energy

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8
Q

aerobic reactions

A

use oxygen/ efficient

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9
Q

anaerobic reaction

A

do not use oxygen, when breathing heavily. high intensity

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10
Q

Walking after running stimulates oxygen access to the muscles. This allows the body to bring oxygen to the cells to stimulate aerobic reactions and reduce lactic acid.

Anaerobic Reaction

Aerobic Reaction

A

aerobic reaction

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11
Q

Right after he gets on his bike and the race begins, he builds up speed.

A

anaerobic reaction

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12
Q

His legs muscle begin to burn.

A

anaerobic reaction

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13
Q

He begins to acclimate to the exercise and his breathing normalizes.

A

aerobic

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14
Q

He uses a burst of energy to get up a steep hill.

A

anaerobic

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15
Q

He rests his legs as he goes down a hill.

A

aerobic

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16
Q

He sprints towards the finish line.

A

anaerobic

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17
Q

He gets off his bike and walks.

A

aerobic

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18
Q

All chemical reactions that occur in your body.

A

metabolism

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19
Q

The power to cause something to move; to work.

A

energy

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20
Q

y

A
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21
Q

The power to cause something to move; to work.

A

energy

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22
Q

The metabolic process that consumes energy and synthesizes smaller molecules into larger molecules.

A

anabolism

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23
Q

The metabolic process that releases energy and breaks down larger molecules into smaller molecules.

A

catabolism

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24
Q

Chemical particles composed of two or more atoms united by a covalent chemical bond.

A

molecule

25
Q

Chemical particles composed of two or more atoms united by a covalent chemical bond.

A

molecule

26
Q

The metabolic process that releases energy and breaks down larger molecules into smaller molecules.

A

catabolism

27
Q

Chemical particles composed of two or more atoms united by a covalent chemical bond.

A

molecule

27
Q

The metabolic process that releases energy and breaks down larger molecules into smaller molecules.

A

catabolism

28
Q

A protein catalyst that increases the rate at which a chemical reaction proceeds; the enzyme remains unchanged during these reactions.

A

enzyme

29
Q

Organic substances composed of linked amino acid molecules.

A

protein

30
Q

The substance that an enzyme acts on and changes.

A

substrate

31
Q

The process of breaking down glucose to ATP and pyruvic acid.

A

glycolysis

32
Q

The process of breaking down glucose to ATP and pyruvic acid.

A

glycolysis

32
Q

The metabolic process that releases energy and breaks down larger molecules into smaller molecules.

A

catabolism

32
Q

The substance that an enzyme acts on and changes.

A

substrate

32
Q

Chemical particles composed of two or more atoms united by a covalent chemical bond.

A

molecule

33
Q

Metabolic process that does require oxygen.

A

aerobic

34
Q

The metabolic process that does not require oxygen.

A

anaerobic

35
Q

The presence of a cellular clock, presence of “death genes” and damage to DNA or mitochondria are all theories of _____.

Select one:
a. aging
b. death
c. differentiation
d. cleavage

A

a. aging

36
Q

The genotype WW is best described as

Select one:
a. homozygous recessive.
b. homozygous dominant.
c. heterozygous dominant.
d. heterozygous recessive.
e. homorecessive.

A

b. homozygous dominant.

37
Q

Genes that are passed from male to male are called

Select one:
a. structural genes.
b. autosomes.
c. genotypes.
d. polygenic.
e. y-linked.

A

e. y-linked.

38
Q

In humans, somatic cells have ____ chromosomes, while reproductive cells (gametes) have ____.

Select one:
a. 23; 46
b. 92; 46
c. 46; 23
d. 46; 69
e. 92; 23

A

c. 46; 23

39
Q

Which of the following genotypes will result in a male?

Select one:
a. XO
b. XY
c. XX
d. XXX
e. YY

A

b. XY

40
Q

A person’s height, intelligence, eye color, and skin color are examples of

Select one:
a. incomplete dominance.
b. complete dominance.
c. complete recessiveness.
d. codominance.
e. polygenic traits.

A

e. polygenic traits.

41
Q

A display of the chromosomes of a somatic cell during metaphase of mitosis is the

Select one:
a. karyotype.
b. autosome.
c. homolog.
d. locus.
e. genome.

A

a. karyotype.

42
Q

What term means that both alleles are different?

Select one:
a. locus
b. alleles
c. homozygous
d. heterozygous
e. karyotype

A

d. heterozygous

43
Q

What term describes the inheritance of a trait which in the heterozygote has an intermediate expression between either allele?

Select one:
a. Incomplete penetrance
b. Incomplete dominance
c. Complete dominance
d. Codominance

A

b. Incomplete dominance

44
Q

If an albino (aa) mates with a person homozygous for normal pigment (AA),

Select one:
a. half of the offspring are normal.
b. half of the offspring are albinos.
c. all offspring are homozygous normal.
d. all offspring are albinos.
e. All the offspring are normal but carriers.

A

e. All the offspring are normal but carriers.

45
Q

A different form of an allele at a particular locus that can have no effect to major effects on the phenotype is a(n)

Select one:
a. allelic variant.
b. mutated allele.
c. polymorphism.
d. All of the choices are correct.

A

d. All of the choices are correct.

46
Q

What type of gene expression are the ABO blood types an example of?

Select one:
a. complete dominance
b. codominance
c. incomplete dominance
d. recessiveness
e. polymorphism

A

b. codominance

47
Q

What genetic disorder is the inability to produce normal hemoglobin?

Select one:
a. albinism
b. sickle-cell disease
c. hemophilia
d. Down syndrome
e. achondroplasia

A

b. sickle-cell disease

48
Q

A mutation involving a single nucleotide is a _____ mutation.

Select one:
a. deletion
b. duplication
c. nondisjunction
d. point
e. aneuploidy

A

d. point

49
Q

Which of the following chromosome anomalies can be found in either sex?

Select one:
a. Turner’s Syndrome (XO)
b. Klinefelter’s Syndrome (XXY)
c. Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)
d. Barker’s Syndrome
e. They all can be found in either sex.

A

c. Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)

50
Q

What genetic disorder is the failure to produce clotting factors?

Select one:
a. albinism
b. sickle-cell disease
c. hemophilia
d. Down syndrome
e. achondroplasia

A

c. hemophilia

51
Q

A mistake during segregation of chromosomes is called

Select one:
a. deletion.
b. duplication.
c. nondisjunction.
d. point mutation.
e. aneuploidy

A

c. nondisjunction.

52
Q

What genetic disorder is caused by having three chromosomes 21?

Select one:
a. albinism
b. sickle-cell disease
c. hemophilia
d. Down syndrome
e. achondroplasia

A

d. Down syndrome

53
Q

Down Syndrome is an example of an aneuploidy called

Select one:
a. monosomy 21.
b. trisomy 21.
c. monosomy 23.
d. trisomy 17.
e. disomy 21.

A

b. trisomy 21.

54
Q

What genetic disorder is characterized by lack of skin, hair, eye coloration?

Select one:
a. albinism
b. sickle-cell disease
c. hemophilia
d. Down syndrome
e. achondroplasia

A

a. albinism

Anatomy 1 (17 decks)

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