Chapter 3/29

Question 1

A gene is

the functional unit of heredity.
a certain portion of a DNA molecule.
a part of a chromosome.
All of these are correct.

Answer 1

All of these are correct.

Question 2

Which of these terms is correctly matched with its definition?

autosome—an X or a Y chromosome
phenotype—the genetic makeup of an individual
allele—variant form of a gene occupying locus on a homologous chromosome
heterozygous—having two identical genes for a trait
recessive—a trait expressed when the genes are heterozygous

Answer 2

allele—variant form of a gene occupying locus on a homologous chromosome

Question 3

Which of these genotypes is heterozygous?

DD
Dd
dd
Both a and c are correct.

Answer 3

Dd

Question 4

The AB blood type in the ABO blood group is an example of

dominant versus recessive alleles.
incomplete dominance.
codominance.
a polygenic trait.
sex-linked inheritance.

Answer 4

codominance.

Question 5

Assume that a trait is determined by an X-linked dominant gene. If the mother exhibits the trait but the father does not, then their

sons are more likely than their daughters to exhibit the trait.
daughters are more likely than their sons to exhibit the trait.
sons and daughters are equally likely to exhibit the trait.

Answer 5

sons and daughters are equally likely to exhibit the trait.

Question 6

anabolism

Answer 6

uses energy

Question 7

catabolism

Answer 7

releases energy

Question 8

aerobic reactions

Answer 8

use oxygen/ efficient

Question 9

anaerobic reaction

Answer 9

do not use oxygen, when breathing heavily. high intensity

Question 10

Walking after running stimulates oxygen access to the muscles. This allows the body to bring oxygen to the cells to stimulate aerobic reactions and reduce lactic acid.

Anaerobic Reaction

Aerobic Reaction

Answer 10

aerobic reaction

Question 11

Right after he gets on his bike and the race begins, he builds up speed.

Answer 11

anaerobic reaction

Question 12

His legs muscle begin to burn.

Answer 12

anaerobic reaction

Question 13

He begins to acclimate to the exercise and his breathing normalizes.

Answer 13

aerobic

Question 14

He uses a burst of energy to get up a steep hill.

Answer 14

anaerobic

Question 15

He rests his legs as he goes down a hill.

Answer 15

aerobic

Question 16

He sprints towards the finish line.

Answer 16

anaerobic

Question 17

He gets off his bike and walks.

Answer 17

aerobic

Question 18

All chemical reactions that occur in your body.

Answer 18

metabolism

Question 19

The power to cause something to move; to work.

Answer 19

energy

Question 20

y

Question 21

The power to cause something to move; to work.

Answer 21

energy

Question 22

The metabolic process that consumes energy and synthesizes smaller molecules into larger molecules.

Answer 22

anabolism

Question 23

The metabolic process that releases energy and breaks down larger molecules into smaller molecules.

Answer 23

catabolism

Question 24

Chemical particles composed of two or more atoms united by a covalent chemical bond.

Answer 24

molecule

Question 25

Chemical particles composed of two or more atoms united by a covalent chemical bond.

Answer 25

molecule

Question 26

The metabolic process that releases energy and breaks down larger molecules into smaller molecules.

Answer 26

catabolism

Question 27

Chemical particles composed of two or more atoms united by a covalent chemical bond.

Answer 27

molecule

Question 27

The metabolic process that releases energy and breaks down larger molecules into smaller molecules.

Answer 27

catabolism

Question 28

A protein catalyst that increases the rate at which a chemical reaction proceeds; the enzyme remains unchanged during these reactions.

Answer 28

enzyme

Question 29

Organic substances composed of linked amino acid molecules.

Answer 29

protein

Question 30

The substance that an enzyme acts on and changes.

Answer 30

substrate

Question 31

The process of breaking down glucose to ATP and pyruvic acid.

Answer 31

glycolysis

Question 32

The process of breaking down glucose to ATP and pyruvic acid.

Answer 32

glycolysis

Question 32

The metabolic process that releases energy and breaks down larger molecules into smaller molecules.

Answer 32

catabolism

Question 32

The substance that an enzyme acts on and changes.

Answer 32

substrate

Question 32

Chemical particles composed of two or more atoms united by a covalent chemical bond.

Answer 32

molecule

Question 33

Metabolic process that does require oxygen.

Answer 33

aerobic

Question 34

The metabolic process that does not require oxygen.

Answer 34

anaerobic

Question 35

The presence of a cellular clock, presence of "death genes" and damage to DNA or mitochondria are all theories of _____. Select one: a. aging b. death c. differentiation d. cleavage

Answer 35

a. aging

Question 36

The genotype WW is best described as Select one: a. homozygous recessive. b. homozygous dominant. c. heterozygous dominant. d. heterozygous recessive. e. homorecessive.

Answer 36

b. homozygous dominant.

Question 37

Genes that are passed from male to male are called Select one: a. structural genes. b. autosomes. c. genotypes. d. polygenic. e. y-linked.

Answer 37

e. y-linked.

Question 38

In humans, somatic cells have ____ chromosomes, while reproductive cells (gametes) have ____. Select one: a. 23; 46 b. 92; 46 c. 46; 23 d. 46; 69 e. 92; 23

Answer 38

c. 46; 23

Question 39

Which of the following genotypes will result in a male? Select one: a. XO b. XY c. XX d. XXX e. YY

Answer 39

b. XY

Question 40

A person's height, intelligence, eye color, and skin color are examples of Select one: a. incomplete dominance. b. complete dominance. c. complete recessiveness. d. codominance. e. polygenic traits.

Answer 40

e. polygenic traits.

Question 41

A display of the chromosomes of a somatic cell during metaphase of mitosis is the Select one: a. karyotype. b. autosome. c. homolog. d. locus. e. genome.

Answer 41

a. karyotype.

Question 42

What term means that both alleles are different? Select one: a. locus b. alleles c. homozygous d. heterozygous e. karyotype

Answer 42

d. heterozygous

Question 43

What term describes the inheritance of a trait which in the heterozygote has an intermediate expression between either allele? Select one: a. Incomplete penetrance b. Incomplete dominance c. Complete dominance d. Codominance

Answer 43

b. Incomplete dominance

Question 44

If an albino (aa) mates with a person homozygous for normal pigment (AA), Select one: a. half of the offspring are normal. b. half of the offspring are albinos. c. all offspring are homozygous normal. d. all offspring are albinos. e. All the offspring are normal but carriers.

Answer 44

e. All the offspring are normal but carriers.

Question 45

A different form of an allele at a particular locus that can have no effect to major effects on the phenotype is a(n) Select one: a. allelic variant. b. mutated allele. c. polymorphism. d. All of the choices are correct.

Answer 45

d. All of the choices are correct.

Question 46

What type of gene expression are the ABO blood types an example of? Select one: a. complete dominance b. codominance c. incomplete dominance d. recessiveness e. polymorphism

Answer 46

b. codominance

Question 47

What genetic disorder is the inability to produce normal hemoglobin? Select one: a. albinism b. sickle-cell disease c. hemophilia d. Down syndrome e. achondroplasia

Answer 47

b. sickle-cell disease

Question 48

A mutation involving a single nucleotide is a _____ mutation. Select one: a. deletion b. duplication c. nondisjunction d. point e. aneuploidy

Answer 48

d. point

Question 49

Which of the following chromosome anomalies can be found in either sex? Select one: a. Turner's Syndrome (XO) b. Klinefelter's Syndrome (XXY) c. Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) d. Barker's Syndrome e. They all can be found in either sex.

Answer 49

c. Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)

Question 50

What genetic disorder is the failure to produce clotting factors? Select one: a. albinism b. sickle-cell disease c. hemophilia d. Down syndrome e. achondroplasia

Answer 50

c. hemophilia

Question 51

A mistake during segregation of chromosomes is called Select one: a. deletion. b. duplication. c. nondisjunction. d. point mutation. e. aneuploidy

Answer 51

c. nondisjunction.

Question 52

What genetic disorder is caused by having three chromosomes 21? Select one: a. albinism b. sickle-cell disease c. hemophilia d. Down syndrome e. achondroplasia

Answer 52

d. Down syndrome

Question 53

Down Syndrome is an example of an aneuploidy called Select one: a. monosomy 21. b. trisomy 21. c. monosomy 23. d. trisomy 17. e. disomy 21.

Answer 53

b. trisomy 21.

Question 54

What genetic disorder is characterized by lack of skin, hair, eye coloration? Select one: a. albinism b. sickle-cell disease c. hemophilia d. Down syndrome e. achondroplasia

Answer 54

a. albinism