Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PSYCH 282 BEHAVOIR MODIFICATION > midterm 1 > Flashcards

midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Behavior Modification definition

A

Analysing the relationship between environemnt and behvaior. The goal is to benefit people’s lives.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Applied Behvaior Anaysis (ABA)

A

Using knowledge about human behvaior to reduce socially undesireable behaviors/to increase desireable ones
- is a part of behvaior modification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ivan Pavlov

A

Conditioned Reflexes:
- respondant behvaiors are involuntary, they are elicited by stimuli
S-R Psychology: focuses on how environemtnal events and stimul (S) affect response (R)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

E. L. Thorndike

A

Law of Effect:
- behavior that has a favorable outcome is more likely to occur again in the future
- ex: rats learning how to get out of a maze faster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

J. B. Watson

A

Methodological Behvaioralism:
- study of behavior alone
- most human activity is learned habits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

B. F. Skinner

A

Radical Behaviorism:
- to understand and explain all behvaior
- thoughts and feelings
- S-R-S Model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

S-R-S Model

A

“3 term contingencey or ABC Model”
A: Antecent Stimulus procedures
B: Behvaior (or Response) which produces..
C: Consequences (Stimulus/event) Reinforcement or punishement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How DARE became sucessful

A

by addressing
- the lack of knowledge about the negative effects of drugs
- low levels of self-esteem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Experiemental Analysis of Behavior (EAB)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dependant variable DV

A

rate or frequency of response is most commonly used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

With-in subject experimental design

A

a person’s reponse compare to their own at another time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Between subject design

A

compares one group (experimental) to another (control)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Phases of B-Mod

A
  1. Screening/Intake Phase: obtain demographic information, is B-Mod appropriate for this client?
  2. Preprogram Assesment Phase/Baseline Phase: measure and define initial “Baseline” lvl of behavior
  3. Treatment Phase: apply training, intervention, treatment program
  4. Follow-Up Phase: determine effects on behvaior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Behavioral Assement definition

A

measuring the target behvaior of a client
- “who what where when how” of target behvaior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Target Behavior

A

behvaior you are interested in changing “what”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Outcome Goal

A

borad, abstract result one wishes to obtain “why”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

6 Dimensions of Behavioral Assesment

A
  1. frequency: # of responses
  2. duration: legnth of time
  3. latency: time between start and end of an event
  4. intensity/magnitude: stregnth of behvaior
  5. product recording: measurable output of behavior
  6. quality: arbitrary judgment of socil value (rating scale?)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Operational Definition

A

a precise, objective definition of a term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Direct Assesment

A

everything is recorded as they occur
- self-monitoring
- secretly watching someone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Indirect Assesment

A

second or third hand information
- questionnaire, rating scales
- interviews with client

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Natural Setting

A

behvaior observed in target person’s typical environement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Analogue setting

A

behvaior observed in a simulated location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Unstructured Observation

A

observations made without giving instructions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Structured Observation

A

observations are made when instructions are given

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Hawthorne effect (Reactivity):
recording or measuring a behavior affects can effect the behavior
26
Continuous recording
record ever instance of client's behvaior
27
Interval recording
successive time intervals of equation duration
28
Partial Interval recording
1 action= 1 tic
29
whole interval recording
record behavior if it persists during an entire time period
30
Time Sample recording
record behvaior during breif intervals **separated** from eachother
31
Interobserver Agreement (IOA)
Statistic calculated to dtermine consistency in recording of target behvaior - can reveal biases of an observer
32
Client Rights (6)
1. theraputic environement 2. services whose goal is personal welfare 3. treatement by a competent behvaior analysit 4. program teaches functional skills 5. on going evaluation 6. most effect treatement avalible
33
Revenge effect (Perverse incentive)
ironic, unintended consequence of treatement - cobra effect (too many cobras, $ for cobras, people breed cobras, no $ for cobras, people release bred cobras, population of cobras increase)
34
"Health Halo" Effect
when people order from a "heathy" fast food place (Subway), they are more likely to underestimate their calories
35
Athletic Preformance and Injury
athletes may be more prone to injuries, as they push themselves harder
36
Independant Variable (IV)
treatment applied to the client
37
Dependant Variable (DV)
target behavior measure
38
Confounding Varisble (Extraneous Variable)
another factor that may affect behavior that is not controlled for
39
Functional Relationship
treatment procedure that causes a change in the target behvaior requires 2 things: 1. IV-DV relationship 2. Replication
40
IV-DV relationship
changing IV causes change in DV
41
Replications
consistent pattern of results
42
A-B design
1 baseline baseline phase (A) and 1 treatment phase (B)
43
A-B-A-B design
2 baseline phases and 2 treatment phases
44
Multiple baseline designs (3)
more than one A-B design is carried out 1. across subjects 2. across behaviors 3. across settings
45
Alternating treatments design
baseline and treatment is applied in rapid succession
46
Changing-criterion design
uses A-B design, progressively changes
47
Operant Conditioning
manipulating consequences of behvaior - can increase or decrease a behvaior
48
Reinforcement
when the consequence of a behavior stregnthens the behavior - behvaior becomes more likely to occur in the future or occurs quicker
49
Reinforcer
stimulus, object or event that stregnthens a behvaior
50
Positive Reinforcement
the **presense** of a appetitive (pleasant) stimulus caused by a behavior that increases the behavior
51
Negative Reinforcement
when a behvaior is followed by the **removal** of an aversive (unpleasent) stimulus that increases the behavior
52
Subtypes of Negative reinforcement (2)
1. Escape behvaior: cuases removal of existing aversive stimulus (cold=put on a sweater) 2. Avoidance behvaior: prevents persentation of aversive stimulus (before its cold=put on a sweater)
53
Natural reinforcement
occurs as a part of everyday life
54
Programmed reinforcement
planned and systematic (part of a behvaioral treatment)
55
Social reinforcement
involves antoher person to deliver reinforcing consequences
56
Automatic reinforcement
reinforcing consequences come directly from the environement
57
Tangible reinforcement
Access to a perferred object (toy after good behvaior)
58
Activity reinforcement
engaging in a perferred behvaior after doing a non-prefered behavior (ex; 25 mins studying, 5 min break)
59
Premack Principle
High probability behavior servers as a positive reinforcement for preforming a low probability behavior, thus increasing it
60
(Unconditioned) Primary Reinforcer
Stimulus or event that has natural reinforcing effects and may enhance chances of survival - ex; food, water
61
(Conditioned) Secondary Reinforcer
Neutral stimulus that has become associalted with an unconditioned reinforcer - ex; token exchanged for money, food etc
62
Reward Vaule
Quantity or quality of the reinforcer and its value to the individual
63
Motivating operations (MOs)
Events that can temporarily alter the effectivness of reinforcement (AKA setting events) - social (presense of an attractive person) - physiological (having a headache) - environemental (quiet library to study)
64
Establishing operation (EOs)
Estanblishes or increases the effectiveness of reinforcement - ex; caloric depreivation (YES i'll take the apple!)
65
Abolsihing operation (AOs)
Decreases the effectiveness of reinforcememnt - ex; being full (No i'm way too full for an apple)
66
Timing VS Contingency
Timing: reienforceemnt should occur soon after the behvaior Contingency: Consequences should consistently follow the behvaior
67
Continuous VS Intermittent
Continuous: reinforcement given for each response - aquisition [hase is rapid Intermittent: only some responses are reinforced - aquisition phase is longer
68
Fixed ratio
reinforcer given after a set number of responses - ex; 1 candy/ 10 pushups
69
Variable ratio
reinforcer given after a random number of responses
70
Fixed interval
reinforcer given when response occurs after a certain legnth of time - ex; 1 candy after 30 second plank
71
Variable interval
reinforcer given when response occurs after a variable legnth of time
72
Extinction
If a behvaior is previously reinforced and stops being reinforced, the behvaior will weaken or decrease
73
Side effects of Extinction (3)
1. Extinction burst: behvaior may increase in frequency, duration or intensity after the rienforcement is eliminated 2. Extinction-induced aggression: novel behvaiors (emotional or aggressive) that haven't been seen before 3. Spontaneous Recovery: after a period of extinction, behvaior may reappear
74
Punishement
the process in which the consequence of a behvaior weakens the behvaior - decrease in frequency and latency
75
Positive punishement
when the presentation of an aversive stimulus decreases behvaior (+=ADDING)
76
Subtypes of Positive punishement
1. Application of aversive **activites;** requires individual to **perform aversive activity** as a consequence for inappropriate behvaior (washing windows for swearing) 2. Application of aversive **stimulation:** punishes behvaior by **delivering** an aversive stimulus (electric shock)
77
Negative punishement
the **removal** of an appetitve stimulus decreases the behavior
78
Subtypes of Negative punishement
1. Time-out from positive reinforcement: **removes individua**l from fun environement as a consequence 2. Response Cost: **taking away** valued iten or privilege
79
Extinction VS Punishement
Extinction: reinforcer is maintaining the behvaior witheld Punishement: a reinforcer is taken away
80
Corpral punishement
Physical punishement (causing some degree of pain or discomfort) - not effective
81

PSYCH 282 BEHAVOIR MODIFICATION (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions