Differential Reinforcement

Question 1

AF (Automatic Feedback)

Answer 1

visual, auditory, vocal warnings

Question 2

MI (Monetary Feedback)

Answer 2

being promised $

Question 3

DRA

Answer 3

Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior
Procedure in which an undesirable behavior is no longer reinforced (extinction) and a desirable alternative behavior is reinforced
- undesirable behavior will DECREASE, desirable behavior will INCREASE

Question 4

How to use DRA

Answer 4

1. select alternative behavior that:
   - requires less effort
   - is in learner’s repitiore
   - likely to be reinforced in learner’s natural environment
2. select reinforcement that:
   - is potent (use same reinforcer that maintains problem behavior)
   - can be delivered immidiatly and consistently

Question 5

Thinning schedule

Answer 5

Switching from continuous to intermittent schedule of reinforcement

Question 6

DRI

Answer 6

Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior
Procedure in which an undesirable behavior is extinguished and a mutually exlusive behavior is reinforced
- ex: being late to class & being on time to class

Question 7

FCT

Answer 7

Functional Communication Training
Subtype of DRA where alternative behavior is a communication response

• acceptible behavior recieves the same consequences as an undesirable behavior

Question 8

DR0

Answer 8

Differential Reinforcement of 0ther Behavior
Procedure where an undesirable behavior undergoes extinction , reinforcer is delivered after a period of time when behavior does not occur
- other is NOT the same as ‘alternate’
- 0 = ZERO or OMISSION

Question 9

DRO Variations (2)

Answer 9

Whole-interval DRO: reinforcer delivered if problem behavior is absent during ENTIRE interval

Momentary DRO: reinforcer delivered if problem behavior is absent at END of interval

Question 10

5 Steps of DRO

Answer 10

1. preform funtional assessment to determine reinforcer
2. choose reinforcement for DRO
3. choose legnth of initial DRO time interval
4. extinguish problem behavior, reinforce omission intervals
5. increase interval legnth

Question 11

DRL

Answer 11

Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates of Responding
Procedure where a lower rate of a behavior is reinforced to decrease the rate of that behavior

• used to reduce (not eliminate) behavior

Question 12

Variations of DRL

Answer 12

Full-session DRL
Spaced-responding DRL
Interval DRL

Question 13

Full-session DRL

Answer 13

Reinforcer delivered if target behavior occurs fewer than a certain # of times during a session

• used to decrease behavior

Question 14

Spaced-responding DRL

Answer 14

Reinforcer delivered if a certain amount of time has elapsed since last target behavior

• used to pace behavior (Spaced by MINIMUM legnth of time)

Question 15

Interval DRL

Answer 15

Session is divided into equal time intervals, reinforcer delivered if target behavior occured no more than once during each interval

• used to pace behavior (Spaced by AVERAGE legnth of time)

Question 16

DRL schedule
vs
FI schedule

Answer 16

DRL 60’’: reinforcer is delivered after a response if at least 60 seconds has elapsed since previous response
- rat presses bar every 10 seconds
- NO reinforcers are delivered (interval resets each time)

FI 60’’: reinforcer is delivered after a response if at least 60 seconds has elapsed since previous reinforcer was delivered
- rat presses bar every 10 seconds
- reinforcer is delivered every 60 seconds

Question 17

5 Steps of DRL

Answer 17

1. decide whether DRL is appropriate
2. determine desired rate of behavior
3. choose full-session or spaced-responding
4. tell client the criterion for reinforcement
5. provide feedback/data on behavior