applying punishment Flashcards

1
Q

Time out

A

Person is REMOVED from access to reinforcers following an undesirable behavior

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2
Q

Response Cost

A

A reinforcer is TAKEN AWAY from the person following an undesirable behavior

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3
Q

Time out from Positive Reinforcement

A

loss of access to positive reinforcers following an undesirable behavior

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4
Q

NONexclusionary Time Out

A

After an undesirable behavior, person stays in the same room/location (Time In), but is denied access to reinforcers

  • ex: after disruptive behavior=student cannot participate in class
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5
Q

Contingent Observation

A

Person is denied access to reinforcers and is observes others engaging in activites

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6
Q

Exclusionary Time Out

A

Follwoing an undesirable behavior, person is moved to a different room AND denied access to reinforers

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7
Q

Isolation Time Out

A

Person is removed from the environment where reinforcers are still avalible in a SEPARATE setting (They are ALONE)

  • solitary confinement
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8
Q

ISSUES of Time Out

A
  • Time Out DOES NOT work with negative reinforcement OR automatic reinforcement
  • Is there enough space for an isolation room?
  • Ensure safety
  • Long term solitary confinement increases risk of depression and premature death
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9
Q

Contingent Delay (Release Contingency)

A

Time Out does not end if behavior has not ceased during time out period

  • Prevents escape from Time Out as serving negative reinforcement
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10
Q

Issues with Response Cost

A
  • Consider the reinforcer
  • When the withdraw the reinforcer?
  • Practical issues: what if reinforcer cannot be physically taken away, person may become aggressive
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11
Q

Applying Aversive Activites

A

Involves Low-Probability behavior that the person does not enjoy doing

  • ex: 10 pushups per curse word
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12
Q

Overcorrection

A

Person has to preform effortful, low-probability behaviors contingent on the problem behavior

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13
Q

Positive Practice

A

After a problem behavior, person must CORRECTLY preform an opposite/appropriate behavior REPEATEDLY

  • ex: rushing, getting math problems wrong.
    Must do them over again SLOWLY
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14
Q

Negative Practice

A

After a problem behavior, person must preform the UNDESIRABLE behavior REPEATEDLY

  • ex: “this is what I am not supposed to do” x50
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15
Q

Restitution

A

After a problem behavior, person must CORRECT THE EFFECTS of the problem behavior and RESTORE the environment

  • ex: child spills milk, they clean it up themselves
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16
Q

Contingent Exercise

A

After a problem behavior, person must PREFORM EXERSICE

17
Q

Guided Compliance

A

After a problem behavior a person is physically guided to complete a requested behavior
- similar to physical guidance prompt

18
Q

Physical Restraint

A

After a problem behavior, part of the person’s body is IMMOBILIZED

19
Q

Response Blocking

A

Behavior analyst physically prevents carrying out the problem behavior

20
Q

Response Interruption/Redirection (IRI)

A

COMBINES Response Blocking and Differential Reinforcement

  • Response is Blocked, person is prompted to engage in a competing response (Least-to-Most hierarchy)
  • Used as treatment for Automatically reinforced behaviors
21
Q

Applying Aversive Stimulus

A

Presenting stimuli that are aversive or unpleasant to a person
- acts as a PUNISHER as it follows a behavior and DECREASES it
- ex: electric shock

22
Q

Reprimands

A

Harsh verbal criticism of behavior
- ex: “NO!” with eye contact, close proximity, etc

23
Q

Physically Aversive Stimuli

A

Cause physical pain, discomfort or unpleasant sensations

  • ex: loud noise to stop finger sucking
24
Q

Use Functional Interventions FIRST

(5 steps BEFORE Positive Punishment)

A
  1. Antecedent Interventions, Positive Reinforcements, Differential Reinforcment (try 1, 2, or ALL 3)
  2. Negative Reinforcment (Requires Aversive Stimulus)
  3. Extinction
  4. Negative Punishment
  5. THEN Positive Punishment (LAST RESORT)
25
Applying Differential Reinforcement WITH Punishment
Use DRO, DRA, DRI - Punishment indicates what NOT to do but DOES NOT TEACH desirable behavior
26
The ETHICS of Punishment
- informed consent - alternative treatments - safety - problem severity - peer review - accountability - training & supervision