applying punishment

Question 1

Time out

Answer 1

Person is REMOVED from access to reinforcers following an undesirable behavior

Question 2

Response Cost

Answer 2

A reinforcer is TAKEN AWAY from the person following an undesirable behavior

Question 3

Time out from Positive Reinforcement

Answer 3

loss of access to positive reinforcers following an undesirable behavior

Question 4

NONexclusionary Time Out

Answer 4

After an undesirable behavior, person stays in the same room/location (Time In), but is denied access to reinforcers

• ex: after disruptive behavior=student cannot participate in class

Question 5

Contingent Observation

Answer 5

Person is denied access to reinforcers and is observes others engaging in activites

Question 6

Exclusionary Time Out

Answer 6

Follwoing an undesirable behavior, person is moved to a different room AND denied access to reinforers

Question 7

Isolation Time Out

Answer 7

Person is removed from the environment where reinforcers are still avalible in a SEPARATE setting (They are ALONE)

• solitary confinement

Question 8

ISSUES of Time Out

Answer 8

• Time Out DOES NOT work with negative reinforcement OR automatic reinforcement
• Is there enough space for an isolation room?
• Ensure safety
• Long term solitary confinement increases risk of depression and premature death

Question 9

Contingent Delay (Release Contingency)

Answer 9

Time Out does not end if behavior has not ceased during time out period

• Prevents escape from Time Out as serving negative reinforcement

Question 10

Issues with Response Cost

Answer 10

• Consider the reinforcer
• When the withdraw the reinforcer?
• Practical issues: what if reinforcer cannot be physically taken away, person may become aggressive

Question 11

Applying Aversive Activites

Answer 11

Involves Low-Probability behavior that the person does not enjoy doing

• ex: 10 pushups per curse word

Question 12

Overcorrection

Answer 12

Person has to preform effortful, low-probability behaviors contingent on the problem behavior

Question 13

Positive Practice

Answer 13

After a problem behavior, person must CORRECTLY preform an opposite/appropriate behavior REPEATEDLY

• ex: rushing, getting math problems wrong.
  Must do them over again SLOWLY

Question 14

Negative Practice

Answer 14

After a problem behavior, person must preform the UNDESIRABLE behavior REPEATEDLY

• ex: “this is what I am not supposed to do” x50

Question 15

Restitution

Answer 15

After a problem behavior, person must CORRECT THE EFFECTS of the problem behavior and RESTORE the environment

• ex: child spills milk, they clean it up themselves

Question 16

Contingent Exercise

Answer 16

After a problem behavior, person must PREFORM EXERSICE

Question 17

Guided Compliance

Answer 17

After a problem behavior a person is physically guided to complete a requested behavior
- similar to physical guidance prompt

Question 18

Physical Restraint

Answer 18

After a problem behavior, part of the person’s body is IMMOBILIZED

Question 19

Response Blocking

Answer 19

Behavior analyst physically prevents carrying out the problem behavior

Question 20

Response Interruption/Redirection (IRI)

Answer 20

COMBINES Response Blocking and Differential Reinforcement

• Response is Blocked, person is prompted to engage in a competing response (Least-to-Most hierarchy)
• Used as treatment for Automatically reinforced behaviors

Question 21

Applying Aversive Stimulus

Answer 21

Presenting stimuli that are aversive or unpleasant to a person
- acts as a PUNISHER as it follows a behavior and DECREASES it
- ex: electric shock

Question 22

Reprimands

Answer 22

Harsh verbal criticism of behavior
- ex: “NO!” with eye contact, close proximity, etc

Question 23

Physically Aversive Stimuli

Answer 23

Cause physical pain, discomfort or unpleasant sensations

• ex: loud noise to stop finger sucking

Question 24

Use Functional Interventions FIRST

(5 steps BEFORE Positive Punishment)

Answer 24

1. Antecedent Interventions, Positive Reinforcements, Differential Reinforcment (try 1, 2, or ALL 3)
2. Negative Reinforcment (Requires Aversive Stimulus)
3. Extinction
4. Negative Punishment
5. THEN Positive Punishment (LAST RESORT)

Question 25

Applying Differential Reinforcement WITH Punishment

Answer 25

Use DRO, DRA, DRI
- Punishment indicates what NOT to do but DOES NOT TEACH desirable behavior

Question 26

The ETHICS of Punishment

Answer 26

• informed consent
• alternative treatments
• safety
• problem severity
• peer review
• accountability
• training & supervision