Generalization & Maintenance Flashcards
Agoraphobia
The fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult or that help wouldn’t be available if things go wrong
- people tend to stay in their homes (safe space) causing anxiety and panic attacks
Generalization
Behavior that occurs in the presence of an S^D that is similar to that used in training
- Behavior change that exists BEYOND the training program)
3 Types of Generalization
- Response Maintnance
- Transfer of Behavior accross Situation & Settings
- Response Generalization
Response Maintenance
Extension of behavior change OVER TIME, after program/treatment is OVER
Transfer of Behavior accross Situations & Settings
Behavior change takes place in NEW/DIFFERENT SETTINGS and circumstances
Response Generalization
Altering 1 behavior leads to CHANGES in another that MAY be related to the target behavior
Premoting Generalization
- Exploit Natural Contingencies
- Train Diversity
- Incorporate Functional Mediators
Natural Contingencies
- Contingencies that occur NATURALLY in the environment
- INCLUDE the antecedents and consequences that affect target behavior
- ex: touching hot stove by ACCIDENT will affect behavior
Train Diversity
Training conditions have been tightly controlled, using highly consistent stimuli
- allow VARIATIONS in the antecedent stimuli, reponses and consequences
Functional Mediators
A stimulus that occurs BETWEEN training & generalization; which facilitates/PREMOTES generalization
- ex: reffering note cards before giving a presentation
Reinforce Generalization
Provide reinforcement when target behavior is preformed OUTSIDE of the training situation
Behavioral Trap
Behavior that has been developed by programmed reinforcers is “trapped”(maintained) by NATURAL reinforcers
How to Set Up a Behavioral Trap
- Identify your PREY (select behaviors that have natural reinforcers with frequent practice)
- Find some BAIT (what do they like?)
- Set the TRAP (place coveted materials in the person’s path)
- Maintain your TRAP LINE (start SMALL, gradually progress to more COMPLEX)
- APPRAISE your catch (make modifications if needed)
Thin the Schedule of Reinforcement
Switching from CONTINUOUS to INTERMITTENT schedule
- gradually DECREASE FREQUENCY of reinforcement
Expand Stimulus Control
Incorporate a wide range of stimulus situations in training
- usually a NARROW range of S^Ds are used during training
- Generalization MAY NOT occur if a different S^D is introduced
In-Situ Training
Training occurs in the NATURAL ENVIRONMENT after an In-Situ Assessment where person DOES NOT preform the target behavior
- Person DOES NOT KNOW they are being assessed!!
Response Class
Teach a range of functionally equivalent responses
- each response serves the same function (leads to same outcome/consequence)
- ex: learning to use pen, pencil, or crayon to write name
General Case Training (General Case Programming)
Use a range of antecedents as well as a range of responses
“General Case”= The goal.target behavior that occurs beyond the training situation
- ex: Teaches telephone skills (improv)
- ex: different soap dispensers
How to Impliment Generalization Strategies
- Identify target stimulus situation
- Identify natural contingencies of reinforcement for behavior
- Implement appropriate strategies to premote generalization
- Measure generalization of behavior change
Booster Program
Additional intervention sessions
Generalization Probes
Trials that check whether the person preforms the behavior with relevant, natural antecedents/contexts
